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EGBB
Birmingham, England
Runway 33
Elevation315 ft asl
Weight2,416 lbs
Fuel251 lbs
Wind310° · 8 kn · 2 kn cross

Flight Score

86.17 %
EDDV
Hannover, Germany
Runway 09L
Elevation171 ft asl
Weight2,590 lbs
Fuel404 lbs
Wind299° · 14 kn · 6 kn cross
15 Aug 2025 3:28 419 nm Cessna C182
Departure Score
81.34 %
Enroute Score
95.35 %
Arrival Score
81.82 %

What went well

Touched down at -40 fpm — a soft arrival
1.03 G at touchdown — inside band
Airborne in 967 ft — 13 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Threshold height at 108 ft agl was excessively over target at 0 %, Flare profile at 0 %, −3.12 points
Departure Roll — Landing Lights at 0 %, Strobe Lights at 0 %, −2.33 points
Departure Taxi — Taxi Lights at 0 %, peak speed in a turn 21 kt at 46 %, −2.10 points

Next time

Departure

Ease the nose up sooner to lift off at 61 kt instead of letting speed build on the ground.

What happened: The aircraft lifted off at 86 kt, 25 kt above the target liftoff speed.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 61 kt at liftoff

See Departure Roll

Arrival

Apply less back pressure in the flare, easing it in more slowly instead of arresting the sink sharply at 31 ft.

What happened: The flare arrested the sink at 31 ft, ballooning the aircraft before 307 fpm of sink rate returned as it settled back toward the runway.

Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: hold a steady, continuous descent through the normal flare band.

See Arrival Landing

Arrive slow and the sink rate at the threshold is already above schedule, the flare is short because there is no energy to extend it, and the touchdown is hard in a way that feels exactly like a late flare. Diagnosing a slow arrival as a late flare is the catastrophic misread: you respond by flaring earlier, which bleeds more speed, which makes the next one worse. The tiebreaker is threshold speed against VRef, not feel. Never diagnose a flare without it.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 24 stages, 22 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 68.50Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 4 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 18 kt0 kt min to max 23 kt 0 19 kt
46 % Average speed turning corners 13 ktmax 21 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °2.3 ° min to max 3.0 ° 2.6 2.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 0.1 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights
Info Battery Master On 4 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 4 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 4 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 4 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 4 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Parking Brake On 4 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 4 ft agl · 3 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 33 at EGBB Birmingham International Airport, Average speed was 19 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 12 kt0 kt min to max 26 kt 19 26 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °0.2 ° min to max 2.8 ° 2.6 2.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.2 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 0.99 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 4 ft agl · 15 kt
Departure Roll 65.05Departure roll runway 33 at EGBB Birmingham International Airport. Takeoff distance 1,517 ft 20 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 86 kt. Local weather - Temperature 69 °F. Wind 8 kt at 310 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 8 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,517 ft20 % of runway
22 % Liftoff speed was 86 ktTarget 61 kt
53 % Runway alignment max 52.3 ft left52.3 ft left to 0.0 ft left 43.7 52.3 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.18 g 0.99 1.18 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °0.2 ° min to max 3.1 ° 2.1 3.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.1 0.9 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Fail Strobe Lights
Departure Climb 1 99.36Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 33 EGBB Birmingham International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
97 % Heading variation -1.2 °-1.2 ° min to max -1.2 ° -1.2 -1.2 °
100 % Average speed 89 kt87 kt min to max 90 kt 87 90 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.1 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.9 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.13 g1.05 g min to max 1.30 g 1.20 1.05 g
Info Average VSI 699 fpm405 fpm min to max 923 fpm 405 923 fpm
Info Average altitude 21 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 47 ft agl 1 47 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.3 °3.4 ° min to max 7.9 ° 3.4 7.9 °
Departure Climb 2 97.03Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 33 EGBB Birmingham International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -1.2 °-1.3 ° min to max -0.6 ° -1.2 -0.6 °
100 % Average speed 89 kt86 kt min to max 90 kt 90 86 kt
88 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 6.5 ° 0.1 3.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.06 g 1.05 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 1,064 fpm936 fpm min to max 1,150 fpm 936 953 fpm
Info Average altitude 120 ft agl49 ft agl min to max 379 ft agl 49 379 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.2 °7.5 ° min to max 8.8 ° 8.0 8.8 °

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched On 95 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 95 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 95 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 101 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 101 ft agl · 90 kt
Departure Climb 3 76.77Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 33 EGBB Birmingham International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.4 °-0.5 ° min to max 1.2 ° -0.5 0.8 °
100 % Average speed 80 kt76 kt min to max 86 kt 86 78 kt
34 % Average bank angle 6.7 °0.4 ° min to max 27.1 ° 1.9 27.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.10 g 1.00 1.10 g
0 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 981 fpm869 fpm min to max 1,059 fpm 948 869 fpm
Info Average altitude 550 ft agl395 ft agl min to max 706 ft agl 395 706 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.1 °8.9 ° min to max 11.0 ° 8.9 11.0 °

Events

Fail Gear Not Retracted
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 658 ft agl · 77 kt
Enroute Climb 60.00Enroute climb started overhead EGBB Birmingham International Airport Birmingham (Solihull, England). Climbing from 1,060 ft asl to 2,379 ft asl, an increase of 1,319 ft in 2 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Average speed 64 kt48 kt min to max 80 kt 78 80 kt
100 % Average bank angle 12.0 °0.2 ° min to max 30.2 ° 30.2 1.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.89 g min to max 1.16 g 1.14 0.96 g
Info Average VSI 724 fpm124 fpm min to max 1,154 fpm 862 471 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,716 ft asl1,060 ft asl min to max 2,379 ft asl 1,060 2,379 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 12.0 °5.1 ° min to max 17.0 ° 12.0 5.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Stall Warning Activated 1,518 ft agl · 56 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 1,460 ft agl · 58 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 1,460 ft agl · 58 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 1,624 ft agl · 55 kt
Enroute Level 98.17Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north west of Hampton in Arden (Solihull, England) and lasted 146 minutes, covering 292 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Altitude held within ±622 ft of 3,319 ft asl2,430 ft asl min to max 3,650 ft asl 2,430 3,576 ft asl
100 % Average speed 116 kt94 kt min to max 125 kt 94 114 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 15.0 ° 1.9 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-1.7 ° min to max 2.1 ° 2.1 0.8 °

Events

Info Parking Brake On 2,116 ft agl · 122 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 2,122 ft agl · 122 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched Off 2,166 ft agl · 124 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched Off 2,169 ft agl · 124 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched Off 2,174 ft agl · 124 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,945 ft agl · 118 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 2,945 ft agl · 118 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles south of Dalfsen (Provincie Overijssel, The Netherlands). Descent from 3,570 ft asl to 2,899 ft asl, a decrease of 671 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 123 kt113 kt min to max 127 kt 113 127 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.89 g min to max 1.00 g 0.89 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -385 fpm-463 fpm min to max -298 fpm -298 -402 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,230 ft asl2,899 ft asl min to max 3,570 ft asl 3,570 2,899 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.5 °-2.0 ° min to max -1.2 ° -2.0 -1.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south of Ommen (Provincie Overijssel, The Netherlands) and lasted 16 minutes, covering 37 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±642 ft of 2,853 ft asl2,824 ft asl min to max 2,886 ft asl 2,835 2,882 ft asl
100 % Average speed 118 kt113 kt min to max 127 kt 127 120 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.14 g 1.14 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-0.6 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.9 -0.5 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles west of Langen (Lower Saxony, Germany). Descent from 2,878 ft asl to 2,324 ft asl, a decrease of 554 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 129 kt120 kt min to max 134 kt 120 130 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.02 g 0.97 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -291 fpm-559 fpm min to max 67 fpm -30 67 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,578 ft asl2,324 ft asl min to max 2,878 ft asl 2,878 2,324 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.0 °-3.3 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.3 -0.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,780 ft agl · 125 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 2,780 ft agl · 125 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,114 ft agl · 139 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 2,114 ft agl · 139 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south of Lengerich (Lower Saxony, Germany) and lasted 19 minutes, covering 44 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±616 ft of 2,330 ft asl2,124 ft asl min to max 2,812 ft asl 2,322 2,408 ft asl
100 % Average speed 120 kt113 kt min to max 132 kt 124 123 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 8.3 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.78 g min to max 1.34 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-3.8 ° min to max 1.5 ° 0.2 0.1 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,687 ft agl · 125 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 2,687 ft agl · 125 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,206 ft agl · 138 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 2,206 ft agl · 138 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,228 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 2,228 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,961 ft agl · 136 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 1,961 ft agl · 136 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,394 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 2,394 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,406 ft agl · 128 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 2,406 ft agl · 128 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,440 ft agl · 127 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 2,440 ft agl · 127 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,184 ft agl · 136 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 2,184 ft agl · 136 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,204 ft agl · 126 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 2,204 ft agl · 126 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,206 ft agl · 125 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 2,206 ft agl · 125 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,194 ft agl · 126 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 2,194 ft agl · 126 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,170 ft agl · 127 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 2,170 ft agl · 127 kt
Enroute Descent 3 100.00Enroute descent started 3 miles south west of Bahrenborstel (Lower Saxony, Germany). Descent from 2,392 ft asl to 1,263 ft asl, a decrease of 1,129 ft in 3 minutes and covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 132 kt119 kt min to max 135 kt 121 125 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.14 g 1.00 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -373 fpm-586 fpm min to max 164 fpm 101 -92 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,584 ft asl1,260 ft asl min to max 2,392 ft asl 2,392 1,263 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.8 °-2.8 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,254 ft agl · 124 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 2,254 ft agl · 124 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,133 ft agl · 138 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 1,133 ft agl · 138 kt
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile east of Uchte (Lower Saxony, Germany). Climbing from 1,262 ft asl to 1,877 ft asl, an increase of 616 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 109 kt98 kt min to max 124 kt 124 104 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.88 g min to max 1.23 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 399 fpm-100 fpm min to max 775 fpm -67 144 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,597 ft asl1,250 ft asl min to max 1,877 ft asl 1,262 1,877 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °-0.3 ° min to max 4.3 ° 0.2 2.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,138 ft agl · 126 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 1,138 ft agl · 126 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 1,415 ft agl · 110 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 1,463 ft agl · 110 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 1,463 ft agl · 110 kt
Enroute Level 4 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south west of Stolzenau (Lower Saxony, Germany) and lasted 10 minutes, covering 19 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±594 ft of 2,109 ft asl1,553 ft asl min to max 2,511 ft asl 1,880 1,553 ft asl
100 % Average speed 107 kt73 kt min to max 126 kt 103 97 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.4 °0.0 ° min to max 26.9 ° 0.3 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.86 g min to max 1.18 g 1.05 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-4.9 ° min to max 3.0 ° 2.6 -4.7 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,019 ft agl · 118 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 2,019 ft agl · 118 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 2,089 ft agl · 122 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 2,089 ft agl · 122 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 2,370 ft agl · 123 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 2,370 ft agl · 123 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,368 ft agl · 123 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 2,368 ft agl · 123 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,877 ft agl · 122 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 1,877 ft agl · 122 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 1,818 ft agl · 110 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Activated 1,818 ft agl · 110 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,884 ft agl · 103 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 1,886 ft agl · 103 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,956 ft agl · 75 kt
Arrival Final 4 100.00Approaching runway 09L at EDDV Hannover Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,367 ft agl to 1,066 ft agl. A decrease of 301 ft in 33 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.3 °3.2 ° min to max 3.4 °Target 3.0 ° 3.2 3.3 °
100 % Average speed 95 kt93 kt min to max 98 kt 98 94 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.1 -0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.1 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.6 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.07 g 1.01 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -567 fpm-861 fpm min to max -247 fpm -861 -677 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,213 ft agl1,066 ft agl min to max 1,367 ft agl 1,367 1,066 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -4.4 °-5.0 ° min to max -3.7 ° -4.5 -4.6 °
33.253.53.7541,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,4501,500Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft33.253.53.754-380-285-190-95095190285380Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 3 99.55Approaching runway 09L at EDDV Hannover Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,055 ft agl to 620 ft agl. A decrease of 435 ft in 34 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.2 °2.9 ° min to max 3.3 °Target 3.0 ° 3.3 2.9 °
100 % Average speed 90 kt87 kt min to max 95 kt 95 87 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.0 0.0 °
98 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.3 ° min to max 3.8 ° 0.8 2.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -744 fpm-851 fpm min to max -647 fpm -658 -820 fpm
Info Average altitude 833 ft agl620 ft agl min to max 1,055 ft agl 1,055 620 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.2 °-4.6 ° min to max -1.8 ° -4.6 -1.8 °
22.252.52.7535506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-320-240-160-80080160240320Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 2 98.39Approaching runway 09L at EDDV Hannover Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 606 ft agl to 290 ft agl. A decrease of 316 ft in 37 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.8 °2.7 ° min to max 3.0 °Target 3.0 ° 2.9 2.7 °
100 % Average speed 80 kt74 kt min to max 86 kt 86 84 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.5 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.4 °
92 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.0 ° min to max 6.0 ° 0.7 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.92 g min to max 1.08 g 1.00 1.08 g
Info Average VSI -512 fpm-854 fpm min to max -262 fpm -836 -585 fpm
Info Average altitude 450 ft agl290 ft agl min to max 606 ft agl 606 290 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-1.6 ° min to max 0.5 ° -1.6 -0.0 °
11.251.51.752200250300350400450500550600650700Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-260-195-130-65065130195260Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 1 91.60Approaching runway 09L at EDDV Hannover Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 283 ft agl to 121 ft agl. A decrease of 162 ft in 30 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
66 % Approach angle 3.6 °2.7 ° min to max 6.3 °Target 3.0 ° 2.7 6.3 °
100 % Average speed 86 kt81 kt min to max 90 kt 83 89 kt
98 % Heading variation 0.2 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.5 ° -0.2 0.5 °
93 % Average bank angle 3.1 °0.5 ° min to max 5.9 ° 2.8 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.85 g min to max 1.06 g 1.03 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -324 fpm-526 fpm min to max -32 fpm -470 -526 fpm
Info Average altitude 203 ft agl121 ft agl min to max 283 ft agl 283 121 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.9 °-4.1 ° min to max 0.6 ° -0.1 -2.9 °

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 281 ft agl · 83 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Deactivated 281 ft agl · 83 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-210-158-105-53053105158210Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 25.03Landing on runway 09L at EDDV Hannover Airport, runway length 10,462 ft. Threshold height at 108 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 90 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
3 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 90 kt. Target 60 kt
0 % Threshold height at 108 ft agl was excessively over target.Target 50 ft agl
0 % Very poor landing flare
96 % Runway alignment max 0.6 ft left0.6 ft left to 0.3 ft right 0.6 -0.3 ft
97 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.0 ° min to max 3.5 ° 1.7 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.89 g min to max 1.23 g 1.01 0.97 g
Info Average speed 78 kt62 kt min to max 90 kt 90 62 kt
Info Average VSI -236 fpm-546 fpm min to max 31 fpm -521 -40 fpm
Info Average altitude 35 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 108 ft agl 108 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °-3.1 ° min to max 4.8 ° -2.8 3.9 °
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,2503,5003,7504,0004,2504,5004,7505,000021426385106Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,2503,5003,7504,0004,2504,5004,7505,000-80-64-48-32-1601632486480Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 81.19Touchdown point was 2,834 ft beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 62 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was perfect at -40 fpm. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 33 ft from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 81 °F. Wind 12 kt at 300 °. Crosswind: 5 kt Tailwind: 10 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -40 fpm.
0 % Touchdown distance was 4,259 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 62 ktTarget below 58 kt
75 % Runway alignment max 32.9 ft right32.4 ft right -31.7 -32.9 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.1 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.3 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 0.97 1.00 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 62 kt62 kt min to max 62 kt 62 62 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °2.7 ° min to max 3.9 ° 3.9 2.7 °
Arrival Rollout 62.83Total landing distance 5,829 ft, 56 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was misaligned by 84 ft from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 5,829 ft56 % of runway.
17 % Runway alignment max 84.3 ft left84.3 ft left to 33.0 ft right -32.9 48.1 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.02 g
Info Average speed 64 kt39 kt min to max 72 kt 72 39 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °-0.4 ° min to max 3.2 ° 2.6 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.7 °0.1 ° min to max 2.6 ° 0.7 0.3 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 4 ft agl · 40 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 4 ft agl · 40 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 15 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 27 kt25 kt min to max 33 kt 33 26 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °0.1 ° min to max 3.4 ° 0.1 2.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.3 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 4 ft agl · 15 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 4 ft agl · 15 kt
Arrival Taxi 96.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 12 kt3 kt min to max 19 kt 19 3 kt
90 % Average speed turning corners 11 ktmax 18 kt 0 3 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °1.2 ° min to max 3.8 ° 3.8 2.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.4 0.1 °

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 86 kt with 0.5° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF0.5° off7° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 35 kt 2.1° 0 s
Liftoff1,382 ft · target 61 86 kt 0.5° 14.7 s
35 ft1,916 ft · 3.9 s after liftoff 90 kt 7.4° 18.5 s
End of Climb 37,100 ft · 706 ft 78 kt 11.1° 59.1 s

Takeoff from EGBB 33

Taxi lightsFail
Off
Takeoff roll100.00
967ft13 %
Liftoff speed22.27
86kttarget 61, 25 fast
Runway alignment52.97
52.3ft L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb99.36
698fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 706 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 6,237 ft of runway left; then climbing at 950 fpm on average to 706 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050607080KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 86 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 7,602 ft runway.

Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted left of the centreline, 49 ft at the widest, and lifted off 49 ft left. Airborne 10 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS2 kn75 %widest 48.7 ft LAirborne 832 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 832 ft of 7,602 ft · 11 %
Takeoff roll, 832 ft Left ahead, 6,770 ft

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to 1.0 nm, then not again: fast from 1.0 nm and left of the centreline from 0.3 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to EDDV 09L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 110 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,4326953462221,000 ft gate7 of 71,160 ft · 95 kt500 ft gate7 of 7497 ft · 80 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 12× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band from 4 nm to 0.3 nm, then 100 ft left of it from 0.3 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR270 ft L0270 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND33 ft R48 ft L101 ft R37 ft L11 ft L34 ft R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 33 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 1.0 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +24 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

6080100120 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 66+31 kt+24 kt+18 kt+20 kt+23 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on EDDV 09L

Over the threshold

Threshold height0.00
107ft
Threshold speed2.94
89kttarget 66, 23 fast
Centreline offset95.60
0.6ft L

Touchdown

Past threshold0.00
4,259ft
Centreline74.59
32.9ft R
Speed100.00
62kttarget 64 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-40fpm
Impact100.00
1.03G
BouncesOk
None
The flare0.00

Very poor landing flare

The crosswind

6 kt across from the left, which takes about 6° of crab to hold the centreline at 62 kt. Touched down with the nose 11° into wind, wings level.

Wind 299° at 14 kt · 12 kt tail · 6 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 73 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 20 s, an average deceleration of 0.12 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 608 ft30 kt · 1,738 fttouchdown1,807 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 6,212 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 107 ft, 57 ft above the 50 ft target. Touched down 4,259 ft in, 3,259 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 6,212 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

107 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −29 fpm · 3.9° nose up · 62 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 107 ft, down at 4,259 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 520 fpm at 106 ft to 30 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 6.7° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−4°3°10°touchdown−29 fpm at touchdown3.9° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 6,212 ft of the 10,462 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 33 ft right of the centreline and drifted to 70 ft left on the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 6 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 4,259 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 4,259 ft past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 5,812 ft of 10,462 ft · 56 %
In the air over the runway, 4,259 ftRollout, 1,553 ft Left over, 4,650 ft
Rollout distance100.00
1,553ft55 % used
Rollout alignment17.40
84.3ft L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The flight began with taxiing from the parking to the runway at EGBB Birmingham International Airport, taking 4 minutes and covering 1 nautical mile. The aircraft, a Cessna C182, then departed from runway 33, with a takeoff distance of 1,517 feet, which was 20% of the runway length. The liftoff speed was 86 knots.

As the aircraft climbed away from the airport, it encountered local weather conditions of a temperature of 69°F and a wind of 8 knots at 310°. The crosswind was 2 knots, and the headwind was 8 knots. The enroute climb started overhead the airport, with the aircraft ascending from 1,060 feet above sea level to 2,379 feet, an increase of 1,319 feet in 2 minutes, covering 1 nautical mile.

The enroute level cruise began 1 mile northwest of Hampton in Arden, lasting 146 minutes and covering 292 nautical miles. The aircraft then started its descent 2 miles south of Dalfsen, Netherlands, descending from 3,570 feet to 2,899 feet, a decrease of 671 feet in 2 minutes, covering 4 nautical miles.

The enroute level cruise resumed 2 miles south of Ommen, Netherlands, lasting 16 minutes and covering 37 nautical miles. The descent started 2 miles west of Langen, Germany, with the aircraft descending from 2,878 feet to 2,324 feet, a decrease of 554 feet in 2 minutes, covering 4 nautical miles.

The enroute level cruise began again 1 mile south of Lengerich, Germany, lasting 19 minutes and covering 44 nautical miles. The descent started 3 miles southwest of Bahrenborstel, Germany, with the aircraft descending from 2,392 feet to 1,263 feet, a decrease of 1,129 feet in 3 minutes, covering 7 nautical miles.

The enroute climb started 1 mile east of Uchte, Germany, with the aircraft ascending from 1,262 feet to 1,877 feet, an increase of 616 feet in 2 minutes, covering 3 nautical miles. The enroute level cruise resumed 1 mile southwest of Stolzenau, Germany, lasting 10 minutes and covering 19 nautical miles.

The final approach to runway 09L at EDDV Hannover Airport began from the west, with the aircraft heading 92.0° at 4 nautical miles and 1,367 feet above ground level. The landing on runway 09L was made with a touchdown point 2,786 feet beyond the touchdown zone, at a speed of 62 knots, which was a little fast. The touchdown rate was perfect at -40 feet per minute.

The local weather conditions at the time of landing were a temperature of 81°F and a wind of 12 knots at 300°, with a crosswind of 5 knots and a tailwind of 10 knots. The total landing distance was 5,829 feet, which was 56% of the runway length. The runway touchdown position was misaligned by 33 feet from the centreline, and the runway rollout alignment was misaligned by 84 feet from the centreline.

The taxiing from the runway to the parking took 1 minute and covered less than 1 nautical mile. The total flight distance was 419 nautical miles, taking 208 minutes, and the aircraft used -153 pounds of fuel.

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