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FEA
Shetland, Scotland
Runway 01
Elevation128 ft asl
Weight2,434 lbs
Fuel231 lbs
Wind360° · 5 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

90.83 %
EG78
Bruray, Scotland
Runway 27
Elevation20 ft asl
Weight2,420 lbs
Fuel447 lbs
3 Jun 2023 0:16 21 nm PA28 Arrow III
Departure Score
95.00 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
71.85 %

What went well

Touchdown 774 ft in — inside the full-score zone
1.22 G at touchdown — inside band
Held the centreline on the roll — 3.4 ft off at liftoff

What held you back

Arrival Rollout — Landing distance 1,278 ft at 0 %, Runway alignment max 43.3 ft at 60 %, −5.26 points
Arrival Landing — Heading variation -0.7 ° at 55 %, Landing and flare profile at 72 %, −1.73 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 3.3 ° at 47 %, Heading variation 0.1 ° at 83 %, −1.41 points
Arrival Touchdown — bank angle up to 7.4 ° at 0 %, Runway alignment max 23.8 ft at 80 %, −0.98 points

Next time

Shorten the long landing

See Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 5 kn0 kn min to max 9 kn 0 7 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-0.2 ° min to max 1.5 ° 0.0 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.0 0.5 °

Events

Fail Beacon Light OFF should be ON
Fail Navigation Light OFF should be ON
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 2 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched Off 2 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl · 5 kt
Departure Roll 80.80Departure roll runway 01 at FEA Fetlar Airport. Takeoff distance 455 ft 30 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 68 kn. Local weather - Temperature 49 °F. Wind 5 kn at 359 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 5 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 455 ft30 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 68 knTarget 70 kn
98 % Runway alignment max 10.5 ft7.1 ft left to 3.4 ft right -0.2 -3.4 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 1.03 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °0.7 ° min to max 2.4 ° 1.4 2.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.1 °

Events

Fail Strobe Light OFF should be ON
Info Flaps Position 1 2 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 2 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl · 6 kt
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 01 FEA Fetlar Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average speed 70 kn68 kn min to max 72 kn 68 72 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.1 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.94 g min to max 1.15 g 1.04 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 267 ft/m177 ft/m min to max 301 ft/m 177 301 ft/m
Info Average altitude 7 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 16 ft agl 0 16 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °2.7 ° min to max 5.3 ° 2.7 5.3 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 01 FEA Fetlar Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-1.3 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 -1.3 °
100 % Average speed 74 kn72 kn min to max 77 kn 72 75 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.2 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.93 g min to max 1.10 g 1.02 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 493 ft/m303 ft/m min to max 961 ft/m 303 961 ft/m
Info Average altitude 196 ft agl156 ft agl min to max 395 ft agl 156 395 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.3 °5.4 ° min to max 11.0 ° 5.4 11.0 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 186 ft agl · 75 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 143 ft agl · 71 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 209 ft agl · 75 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 232 ft agl · 76 kt
Departure Climb 3 94.21Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 01 FEA Fetlar Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -1.7 °-2.4 ° min to max -1.4 ° -1.4 -2.4 °
100 % Average speed 81 kn76 kn min to max 86 kn 76 85 kn
71 % Average bank angle 3.8 °0.1 ° min to max 13.0 ° 1.4 13.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.96 g min to max 1.06 g 0.96 1.03 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 969 ft/m861 ft/m min to max 1,323 ft/m 969 1,323 ft/m
Info Average altitude 455 ft agl272 ft agl min to max 662 ft agl 272 662 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.4 °7.6 ° min to max 10.4 ° 10.4 10.1 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile north of FEA Fetlar Airport Shetland (Shetland Islands, Scotland). Climbing from 976 ft asl to 3,035 ft asl, an increase of 2,058 ft in 3 minutes and covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 94 kn82 kn min to max 121 knTarget 98 kn 85 121 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.5 °0.3 ° min to max 17.2 ° 15.9 1.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.93 g min to max 1.08 g 1.02 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 885 ft/m-103 ft/m min to max 1,484 ft/m 1,388 -103 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,800 ft asl976 ft asl min to max 3,047 ft asl 976 3,035 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 5.9 °-1.5 ° min to max 11.8 ° 10.0 -1.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 4 miles south of FEA Fetlar Airport Shetland (Shetland Islands, Scotland) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 2,917 ft asl2,766 ft asl min to max 3,038 ft asl 3,038 2,766 ft asl
100 % Average speed 135 kn128 kn min to max 139 kn 128 137 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 3.2 ° 0.5 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 0.98 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -2.3 °-3.3 ° min to max -1.2 ° -1.7 -2.6 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 3 miles north west of EG78 Out Skerries Bruray (Shetland Islands, Scotland). Descent from 2,732 ft asl to 1,121 ft asl, a decrease of 1,611 ft in 4 minutes and covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 124 kn91 kn min to max 145 kn 136 91 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.9 °0.1 ° min to max 16.6 ° 1.9 12.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.91 g min to max 1.15 g 0.99 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -532 ft/m-1,134 ft/m min to max -48 ft/m -245 -202 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,695 ft asl1,121 ft asl min to max 2,732 ft asl 2,732 1,121 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -3.3 °-6.9 ° min to max 0.8 ° -2.8 0.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 1,467 ft agl · 123 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 4 miles south east of EG78 Out Skerries Bruray (Shetland Islands, Scotland) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,123 ft asl1,035 ft asl min to max 1,187 ft asl 1,118 1,054 ft asl
100 % Average speed 83 kn78 kn min to max 90 kn 90 82 kn
100 % Average bank angle 3.5 °0.0 ° min to max 14.3 ° 12.9 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.08 g 1.02 0.98 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °-2.1 ° min to max 5.2 ° 0.8 -2.1 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 1,065 ft agl · 85 kt
Arrival 100.00Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started 4 miles south east of EG78 Out Skerries Bruray (Shetland Islands, Scotland).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 78 kn72 kn min to max 85 kn 82 72 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.6 °0.0 ° min to max 11.6 ° 0.3 8.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.11 g 0.99 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -490 ft/m-713 ft/m min to max -218 ft/m -655 -469 ft/m
Info Average altitude 693 ft asl372 ft asl min to max 1,043 ft asl 1,043 372 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.0 °-3.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° -2.1 -0.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 817 ft agl · 83 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 503 ft agl · 73 kt
Arrival Final 1 83.04Approaching runway 27 at EG78 Out Skerries from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 346 ft agl to 49 ft agl. A decrease of 297 ft in 31 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
47 % Approach angle 3.3 °2.4 ° min to max 4.4 °Target 3.0 ° 4.3 2.4 °
100 % Average speed 70 kn69 kn min to max 72 kn 72 69 kn
83 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.7 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.4 -0.7 °
86 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.0 ° min to max 7.3 ° 6.1 2.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.91 g min to max 1.22 g 1.02 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -642 ft/m-866 ft/m min to max -263 ft/m -430 -543 ft/m
Info Average altitude 135 ft agl49 ft agl min to max 346 ft agl 346 49 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.2 °-3.4 ° min to max 2.6 ° -0.2 -0.9 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-80-60-40-20020406080Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 79.29Landing on runway 27 at EG78 Out Skerries, runway length 1,203 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 69 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 69 kn. Target 71 kn
72 % Landing and flare profile
55 % Heading variation -0.7 °-1.4 ° min to max 1.4 ° -0.7 1.4 °
83 % Average bank angle 4.1 °1.0 ° min to max 8.4 ° 3.6 1.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.83 g min to max 1.13 g 1.04 0.83 g
Info Average speed 67 kn63 kn min to max 70 kn 69 63 kn
Info Average VSI -314 ft/m-538 ft/m min to max -114 ft/m -538 -195 ft/m
Info Average altitude 21 ft agl8 ft agl min to max 38 ft agl 38 8 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-0.8 ° min to max 2.9 ° -0.8 -0.8 °
02505007501,00007.6915233138Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,000-40-32-24-16-80816243240Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 88.22Touchdown point was excessively long using more than 75% of available runway. Touchdown speed at 63 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was good at -195 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 24 ft from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 50 °F. Wind 7 kn at 352 °. Crosswind: 7 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
85 % Touchdown VSI was -195 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 766 ftTarget 901 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 63 knTarget 61 kn
80 % Runway alignment max 23.8 ft17.6 ft left 10.8 23.8 ft
0 % Average bank angle 4.5 °1.7 ° min to max 7.4 ° 1.7 7.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.83 g min to max 1.22 g 0.83 1.02 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 61 kn60 kn min to max 63 kn 63 60 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °-0.8 ° min to max 3.3 ° -0.8 3.2 °
Arrival Rollout 36.86Total landing distance 1,278 ft, 106 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 43 ft from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Landing distance 1,278 ft106 % of runway.
60 % Runway alignment max 43.3 ft43.3 ft left to 0.0 ft left 24.4 43.3 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.84 g min to max 1.10 g 0.99 1.02 g
Info Average speed 50 kn35 kn min to max 58 kn 58 35 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-1.3 ° min to max 4.0 ° 3.6 -0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 4.9 °1.4 ° min to max 7.6 ° 7.5 1.4 °

Events

Info Bounce during touchdown 2 ft agl · 39 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 11 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 9 kn5 kn min to max 27 kn 27 5 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-3.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° -0.6 1.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.1 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.8 0.8 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 0.99 g

Events

Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl · 7 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 67 kt with 2.7° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF2.7° off7° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 12 kt 1.2° 0 s
Liftoff1,176 ft 67 kt 2.7° 17.2 s
35 ft1,835 ft · 5.8 s after liftoff 74 kt 7.1° 23.0 s
End of Climb 37,189 ft · 662 ft 85 kt 10.1° 67 s

Takeoff from FEA 01

Takeoff roll6.23
1,518ft98 %
Liftoff speed100.00
67kt
Runway alignment97.79
7.1ft L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
266fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 662 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft 642 ft past the runway end; then climbing at 790 fpm on average to 662 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 67 ktSCALE CHANGES1.0 nm past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 1,542 ft runway.

Rolled from 349 ft in, drifted left of the centreline, 7 ft at the widest, and lifted off 4 ft right. Airborne 99 % of the way down the runway, past the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,500THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 7.1 ft LROLL 349 FT INAirborne 1,525 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,525 ft of 1,542 ft · 99 %
Behind the start of the roll, 349 ftTakeoff roll, 1,176 ft Left ahead, 17 ft

The approach to EG78 27

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 2.9 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 270 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,157901726525308
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 2,930 ft right of the centreline at 2.9 nm, then inside the band from 0.6 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR1000 ft L01000 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND10 ft R2493 ft R2767 ft R1513 ft R46 ft L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on EG78 27

Over the threshold

Threshold height70.16
38ft
Threshold speed100.00
69kt
Centreline offset55.36
1.4ft L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
774ft
Centreline80.20
23.8ft L
Speed100.00
62kt
Touchdown rate84.78
-204fpm
Impact100.00
1.22G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No wind recorded: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° right of the track, 2° of bank.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,203 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 38 ft, 12 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 774 ft in, 226 ft short of the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,203 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

38 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −194 fpm · −0.8° nose down · 63 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 38 ft, down at 774 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 1,260 fpm at 39 ft to 190 fpm at touchdown. The pitch barely changed.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−750−1,500−1°4°10°touchdown−194 fpm at touchdown−0.8° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 1,203 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 24 ft left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 25 ft left at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

1,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 774 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 774 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,114 ft of 1,203 ft · 93 %
In the air over the runway, 774 ftRollout, 340 ft Left over, 89 ft
Rollout distance32.25
340ft92 % used
Rollout alignment59.68
43.3ft L

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