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CYHZ
Halifax, Canada
Runway 32
Elevation449 ft asl
Weight7,280 lbs
Fuel1,304 lbs
Wind310° · 6 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

95.71 %
CYYG
Charlottetown, Canada
Runway 28
Elevation157 ft asl
Weight7,066 lbs
Fuel1,067 lbs
10 Jun 2023 0:35 97 nm TBM 930 237 lbs
Departure Score
96.66 %
Enroute Score
95.73 %
Arrival Score
94.10 %

What went well

Touched down at -114 fpm — a soft arrival
1.20 G at touchdown — inside band
Rollout controlled — 50 % of the runway used

What held you back

Enroute Climb — speed limits at 57 %, −1.42 points
Arrival Landing — Landing and flare profile at 28 %, Threshold speed was slightly above target at 93 kn at 90 %, −0.93 points
Departure Climb 3 — bank angle up to 20.3 ° at 52 %, −0.80 points

Next time

Monitor your speed

See Enroute Climb

Below 10,000 ft you are typically limited to 250 kt indicated (a US rule that much of the world mirrors in some form, though not universally). This forces a deceleration around 10,000 ft whether the profile wants one or not, so plan for it rather than discovering it.

Start to finish · 18 stages, 16 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 98.23Departure roll runway 32 at CYHZ Halifax Intl. Takeoff distance 0 ft 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 79 kn. Local weather - Temperature 50 °F. Wind 6 kn at 309 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 6 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 ft0 % of runway
92 % Liftoff speed was 79 knTarget 91 kn
99 % Runway alignment max 6.1 ft6.1 ft left to 0.0 ft left 1.1 6.1 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.04 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °-1.2 ° min to max 5.6 ° -1.2 5.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.3 0.0 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights OFF should be ON
Fail Strobe Light OFF should be ON
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 3 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 3 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 3 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 6 kt
Departure Climb 1 99.57Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 32 CYHZ Halifax Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.5 °-0.8 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -0.8 °
100 % Average speed 89 kn79 kn min to max 97 kn 79 97 kn
98 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 2.7 ° 0.1 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.97 g min to max 1.07 g 1.04 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 343 ft/m215 ft/m min to max 526 ft/m 215 526 ft/m
Info Average altitude 14 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 38 ft agl 0 38 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.9 °5.4 ° min to max 8.1 ° 5.6 8.1 °
Departure Climb 2 98.47Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 32 CYHZ Halifax Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Heading variation -1.2 °-2.5 ° min to max -0.8 ° -0.8 -2.5 °
100 % Average speed 101 kn98 kn min to max 110 kn 98 110 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.1 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.0 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.87 g min to max 1.08 g 1.03 0.87 g
Info Average VSI 868 ft/m533 ft/m min to max 1,737 ft/m 533 1,620 ft/m
Info Average altitude 101 ft agl48 ft agl min to max 397 ft agl 48 397 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.5 °8.1 ° min to max 12.6 ° 8.1 11.4 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 190 ft agl · 108 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 85 ft agl · 104 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 349 ft agl · 112 kt
Departure Climb 3 90.39Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 32 CYHZ Halifax Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -2.2 °-2.7 ° min to max -1.0 ° -2.6 -1.0 °
100 % Average speed 112 kn111 kn min to max 115 kn 111 115 kn
52 % Average bank angle 12.2 °1.0 ° min to max 20.3 ° 1.0 20.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.75 g min to max 1.11 g 0.94 1.11 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,774 ft/m1,433 ft/m min to max 2,145 ft/m 1,499 1,443 ft/m
Info Average altitude 579 ft agl412 ft agl min to max 741 ft agl 412 741 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 13.2 °10.6 ° min to max 15.4 ° 11.5 12.1 °

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched On 657 ft agl · 116 kt
Enroute Climb 82.92Enroute climb started overhead CYHZ Halifax Intl Halifax (Nova Scotia, Canada). Climbing from 1,227 ft asl to 11,817 ft asl, an increase of 10,590 ft in 6 minutes and covering 13 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
57 % Climb speed 121 kn115 kn min to max 148 knTarget 160 kn 116 148 kn
100 % Average bank angle 10.1 °0.1 ° min to max 28.7 ° 22.2 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.88 g min to max 1.18 g 1.15 0.96 g
Info Average VSI 1,810 ft/m55 ft/m min to max 2,336 ft/m 1,563 55 ft/m
Info Average altitude 4,672 ft asl1,227 ft asl min to max 11,817 ft asl 1,227 11,817 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 11.4 °1.9 ° min to max 14.6 ° 13.1 1.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 1,340 ft agl · 121 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 1,377 ft agl · 121 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9,662 ft agl · 146 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 9,691 ft agl · 146 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 11,397 ft agl · 149 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 7 miles north of Lantz (Nova Scotia, Canada) and lasted 10 minutes, covering 43 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 11,793 ft asl11,773 ft asl min to max 11,817 ft asl 11,816 11,774 ft asl
100 % Average speed 270 kn198 kn min to max 277 kn 198 277 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.1 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.1 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.03 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-0.1 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.5 0.1 °

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 11,718 ft agl · 239 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Activated 11,718 ft agl · 239 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Cape John (Nova Scotia, Canada). Descent from 11,725 ft asl to 1,517 ft asl, a decrease of 10,208 ft in 8 minutes and covering 32 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 241 kn208 kn min to max 296 kn 279 208 kn
100 % Average bank angle 7.8 °0.5 ° min to max 16.4 ° 1.0 12.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.07 g 0.96 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -1,168 ft/m-1,488 ft/m min to max -688 ft/m -688 -1,110 ft/m
Info Average altitude 4,205 ft asl1,517 ft asl min to max 11,725 ft asl 11,725 1,517 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.4 °-3.0 ° min to max -1.5 ° -1.5 -2.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 6,110 ft agl · 260 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 6,110 ft agl · 260 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 5,674 ft agl · 256 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 5,632 ft agl · 256 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 5,611 ft agl · 256 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 5,590 ft agl · 256 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 5,549 ft agl · 255 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 5,507 ft agl · 255 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 5,486 ft agl · 255 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 5,444 ft agl · 254 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 5,424 ft agl · 254 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 5,403 ft agl · 254 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 5,384 ft agl · 254 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 5,325 ft agl · 253 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 5,304 ft agl · 253 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 5,093 ft agl · 252 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 4,918 ft agl · 251 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 4,868 ft agl · 251 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 4,847 ft agl · 251 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 4,514 ft agl · 250 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 4,480 ft agl · 250 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 4,460 ft agl · 249 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,489 ft agl · 213 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Auburn (Prince Edward Island, Canada) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,433 ft asl1,423 ft asl min to max 1,517 ft asl 1,517 1,439 ft asl
100 % Average speed 186 kn165 kn min to max 208 kn 208 165 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.8 °0.0 ° min to max 12.0 ° 12.0 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.90 g min to max 1.13 g 1.02 0.90 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-2.4 ° min to max 2.2 ° -2.4 1.2 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 1,426 ft agl · 169 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,437 ft agl · 166 kt
Arrival 100.00Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started overhead Auburn (Prince Edward Island, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 157 kn157 kn min to max 158 kn 158 157 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.4 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.5 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 0.96 g0.91 g min to max 0.98 g 0.91 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -326 ft/m-483 ft/m min to max -110 ft/m -110 -483 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,423 ft asl1,408 ft asl min to max 1,436 ft asl 1,436 1,408 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.7 -0.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 4 100.00Approaching runway 28 at CYYG Charlottetown from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,241 ft agl to 967 ft agl. A decrease of 274 ft in 25 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.0 °2.9 ° min to max 3.0 °Target 3.0 ° 2.9 3.0 °
100 % Average speed 137 kn117 kn min to max 157 kn 157 117 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.3 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.92 g min to max 1.09 g 0.98 0.95 g
Info Average VSI -626 ft/m-752 ft/m min to max -437 ft/m -537 -533 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,100 ft agl967 ft agl min to max 1,241 ft agl 1,241 967 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.0 °-2.6 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -2.6 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 1,334 ft agl · 157 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,068 ft agl · 131 kt
33.253.53.7549009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,4501,500Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft33.253.53.754-340-255-170-85085170255340Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 3 100.00Approaching runway 28 at CYYG Charlottetown from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 957 ft agl to 636 ft agl. A decrease of 321 ft in 35 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.0 °3.0 ° min to max 3.0 °Target 3.0 ° 3.0 3.0 °
100 % Average speed 99 kn92 kn min to max 114 kn 114 92 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.3 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 0.99 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -537 ft/m-618 ft/m min to max -473 ft/m -593 -522 ft/m
Info Average altitude 790 ft agl636 ft agl min to max 957 ft agl 957 636 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.6 °-2.4 ° min to max -0.7 ° -2.4 -0.7 °
22.252.52.7535506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-280-210-140-70070140210280Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 2 100.00Approaching runway 28 at CYYG Charlottetown from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 627 ft agl to 329 ft agl. A decrease of 298 ft in 38 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.0 °3.0 ° min to max 3.0 °Target 3.0 ° 3.0 3.0 °
100 % Average speed 92 kn90 kn min to max 96 kn 92 96 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.2 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.2 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.2 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -461 ft/m-537 ft/m min to max -391 ft/m -537 -469 ft/m
Info Average altitude 477 ft agl329 ft agl min to max 627 ft agl 627 329 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-1.3 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.4 -1.3 °
11.251.51.752250300350400450500550600650700750Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-210-158-105-53053105158210Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 1 99.23Approaching runway 28 at CYYG Charlottetown from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 321 ft agl to 62 ft agl. A decrease of 260 ft in 31 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.1 °3.0 ° min to max 3.3 °Target 3.0 ° 3.0 3.3 °
100 % Average speed 94 kn93 kn min to max 96 kn 95 93 kn
97 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.3 °
99 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 2.4 ° 0.0 2.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.10 g 0.98 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -482 ft/m-568 ft/m min to max -394 ft/m -474 -406 ft/m
Info Average altitude 113 ft agl62 ft agl min to max 321 ft agl 321 62 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-1.5 ° min to max 0.3 ° -1.4 -0.0 °

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 234 ft agl · 97 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-150-113-75-3803875113150Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 77.72Landing on runway 28 at CYYG Charlottetown, runway length 6,991 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 93 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
90 % Threshold speed was slightly above target at 93 kn. Target 85 kn
28 % Landing and flare profile
92 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.4 °
92 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.0 ° min to max 4.9 ° 2.0 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.92 g min to max 1.07 g 1.01 1.01 g
Info Average speed 85 kn71 kn min to max 94 kn 93 71 kn
Info Average VSI -159 ft/m-405 ft/m min to max -25 ft/m -405 -113 ft/m
Info Average altitude 18 ft agl-1 ft agl min to max 52 ft agl 52 -1 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °-0.1 ° min to max 5.3 ° -0.0 5.0 °
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,2503,50001123344657Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,2503,500-80-64-48-32-1601632486480Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 85.35Touchdown point was 1,562 ft beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 71 kn was good. Touchdown rate was smooth at -113 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 28 ft from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 50 °F. Wind 6 kn at 310 °. Crosswind: 5 kn Headwind: 4 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
93 % Touchdown VSI was -113 ft/m.
50 % Touchdown distance was 2,991 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 71 knTarget 72 kn
76 % Runway alignment max 27.8 ft26.6 ft left 27.8 25.3 ft
62 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.2 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.2 1.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.12 g1.01 g min to max 1.20 g 1.01 1.08 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 71 kn71 kn min to max 71 kn 71 71 kn
Info Average pitch angle 5.5 °5.0 ° min to max 6.1 ° 5.0 6.1 °
Arrival Rollout 90.49Total landing distance 3,542 ft, 51 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 25 ft from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 3,542 ft51 % of runway.
79 % Runway alignment max 25.1 ft25.1 ft left to 0.0 ft left 25.1 6.8 ft
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.87 g min to max 1.09 g 1.08 0.98 g
Info Average speed 58 kn34 kn min to max 67 kn 67 34 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °-1.3 ° min to max 6.2 ° 6.1 -1.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 2.5 ° 1.9 0.1 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 3 ft agl · 48 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 18 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 15 kn8 kn min to max 26 kn 26 12 kn
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-1.3 ° min to max -0.3 ° -0.5 -0.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 1.00 g

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 15 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 13 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 5 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 13 kn2 kn min to max 20 kn 12 5 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 8 knmax 13 kn 0 5 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-1.2 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.7 -1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.1 0.0 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights ON should be OFF
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 8 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 78 kt with 5.6° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF5.6° off8° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 11 kt -1.1° 0 s
Liftoff1,183 ft 78 kt 5.6° 16.3 s
35 ft2,176 ft · 6.8 s after liftoff 97 kt 8.1° 23.1 s
End of Climb 37,015 ft · 741 ft 115 kt 12.1° 51.4 s

Takeoff from CYHZ 32

Takeoff roll100.00
1,887ft25 %
Liftoff speed92.25
78kt
Runway alignment98.88
6.1ft L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb99.57
342fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 741 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 4,764 ft of runway left; then climbing at 1,270 fpm on average to 741 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END3040506070KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 78 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 7,649 ft runway.

Rolled from 710 ft in, drifted left of the centreline, 6 ft at the widest, and lifted off 7 ft left. Airborne 24 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 6.5 ft LROLL 710 FT INAirborne 1,893 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,893 ft of 7,649 ft · 25 %
Behind the start of the roll, 710 ftTakeoff roll, 1,183 ft Left ahead, 5,756 ft

The approach to CYYG 28

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 60 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,265998678520368201
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 31× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 40 ft off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR100 ft L0100 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND7 ft L22 ft L36 ft L29 ft L24 ft L15 ft L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on CYYG 28

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
52ft
Threshold speed89.67
93kt
Centreline offset91.79
0.4ft L

Touchdown

Past threshold50.10
2,997ft
Centreline75.97
27.8ft L
Speed100.00
71kt
Touchdown rate93.36
-114fpm
Impact100.00
1.20G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No wind recorded: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 5° right of the track, wings level.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 68 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 7 s, an average deceleration of 0.30 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 317 ft30 kt · 601 fttouchdown626 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 52 ft, close to the 50 ft target. Touched down 2,997 ft in, 1,997 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

52 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −113 fpm · 5° nose up · 71 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 52 ft, down at 2,997 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 430 fpm at 45 ft to 110 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 5.0° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−1°4°10°touchdown−113 fpm at touchdown5° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 6,991 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 25 ft left of the centreline, and steered back to 10 ft left by the end of the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 2,997 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 2,997 ft past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 3,477 ft of 6,991 ft · 50 %
In the air over the runway, 2,997 ftRollout, 480 ft Left over, 3,514 ft
Rollout distance100.00
480ft50 % used
Rollout alignment78.86
25.1ft L

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