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64I
Hanover, United States
Runway 36
Elevation472 ft asl
Weight694 kg
Fuel43 kg
Wind28° · 6 kn · 3 kn cross

Flight Score

83.63 %
64I
Hanover, United States
Runway 36
Elevation472 ft asl
Weight693 kg
Fuel42 kg
30 Jul 2023 0:04 2 nm Bristell B23 1 kg
Departure Score
87.31 %
Pattern Score
92.16 %
Arrival Score
71.42 %

What went well

Touched down at -135 fpm — a soft arrival
1.19 G at touchdown — inside band
Airborne in 422 m — 41 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 39.98 m at 0 %, Landing distance 866 m at 66 %, −4.07 points
Arrival Landing — Heading variation 2.2 ° at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 37 %, −3.45 points
Departure Roll — landing lights off should be on, then strobe light off should be on; Liftoff speed was 66 kn at 5 %, Runway alignment max 8.81 m at 75 %, −2.67 points
Arrival Touchdown — Runway alignment max 39.53 m at 0 %, bank angle up to 1.6 ° at 68 %, −1.47 points

Next time

Shorten the long landing

See Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 16 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 75.96Departure roll runway 36 at 64I Lee Bottom. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 66 kn. Local weather - Temperature 22 °C. Wind 6 kn at 28 °. Crosswind: 3 kn Headwind: 5 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
5 % Liftoff speed was 66 knTarget 45 kn
75 % Runway alignment max 8.81 m8.81 m left to 0.00 m left 0.00 8.81 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.00 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °0.5 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.9 1.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.1 0.6 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights OFF should be ON
Fail Strobe Light OFF should be ON
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Battery Master On 473 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 473 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 473 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 473 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 473 ft agl
Departure Climb 1 95.96Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 36 64I Lee Bottom.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
88 % Heading variation -1.6 °-2.1 ° min to max -1.2 ° -1.2 -2.1 °
100 % Average speed 71 kn67 kn min to max 73 kn 67 71 kn
98 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 2.6 ° 0.4 2.2 °
94 % Average g force 1.07 g0.98 g min to max 1.35 g 1.01 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 747 ft/m465 ft/m min to max 906 ft/m 465 906 ft/m
Info Average altitude 13 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 48 ft agl 0 48 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.7 °1.8 ° min to max 10.0 ° 1.8 9.7 °
Departure Climb 2 90.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 36 64I Lee Bottom.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 69 kn66 kn min to max 71 kn 71 67 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.1 ° min to max 3.6 ° 2.2 2.7 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.82 g min to max 1.19 g 0.98 0.82 g
Info Average VSI 896 ft/m837 ft/m min to max 1,078 ft/m 909 902 ft/m
Info Average altitude 82 ft agl47 ft agl min to max 208 ft agl 47 208 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.8 °7.2 ° min to max 13.2 ° 9.7 7.2 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 84 ft agl · 73 kt
Pattern Entry 99.20Right hand pattern entry from runway 36 64I Lee Bottom. Distance was less than 1 nm in 8 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 68 kn67 kn min to max 69 knTarget 70 kn 67 68 kn
100 % Average bank angle 29.3 °8.3 ° min to max 43.0 ° 8.3 43.0 °
92 % Average g force 1.11 g0.96 g min to max 1.39 g 0.96 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 593 ft/m493 ft/m min to max 730 ft/m 686 602 ft/m
Info Average altitude 253 ft agl217 ft agl min to max 294 ft agl 217 294 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.4 °6.7 ° min to max 12.4 ° 7.6 6.7 °
Pattern Crosswind 99.83Right hand pattern crosswind from runway 36 64I Lee Bottom. Distance was less than 1 nm in 14 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading 1.8 °-4.3 ° min to max 18.7 ° -4.3 18.7 °
100 % Average speed 71 kn65 kn min to max 74 kn 69 65 kn
98 % Average g force 1.06 g0.91 g min to max 1.28 g 1.08 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 904 ft/m127 ft/m min to max 1,316 ft/m 271 1,316 ft/m
Info Average altitude 395 ft agl296 ft agl min to max 527 ft agl 296 527 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 9.6 °0.2 ° min to max 30.0 ° 30.0 26.0 °
Info Average pitch angle 10.3 °5.1 ° min to max 15.2 ° 5.3 15.0 °
Pattern Downwind Turn 67.77Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 0 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 78.5 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 78.5 °.
100 % Average speed 64 kn64 kn min to max 65 kn 64 65 kn
93 % Average bank angle 30.6 °27.6 ° min to max 33.3 ° 28.4 27.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.97 g min to max 1.16 g 0.98 1.16 g
Info Average VSI 836 ft/m498 ft/m min to max 1,264 ft/m 1,264 498 ft/m
Info Average altitude 580 ft agl548 ft agl min to max 604 ft agl 548 604 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.6 °8.8 ° min to max 14.2 ° 14.2 8.9 °
Pattern Downwind 86.81Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was less than 1 nm in 39 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading -2.8 °-9.2 ° min to max 12.8 ° -9.2 12.8 °
56 % Average altitude 752 ft agl613 ft agl min to max 870 ft agl 613 870 ft agl
100 % Average speed 77 kn66 kn min to max 85 kn 66 83 kn
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.86 g min to max 1.20 g 1.07 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 400 ft/m59 ft/m min to max 767 ft/m 523 130 ft/m
Info Average bank angle 6.1 °0.1 ° min to max 35.7 ° 22.4 35.7 °
Info Average pitch angle 5.9 °1.4 ° min to max 10.7 ° 8.0 1.4 °
Pattern Base Leg Turn 91.80Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 1 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 45.6 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 45.6 °.
100 % Average speed 83 kn81 kn min to max 88 kn 81 88 kn
73 % Average bank angle 33.3 °28.1 ° min to max 36.9 ° 36.4 28.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.92 g min to max 1.09 g 0.97 1.09 g
Info Average VSI -1,107 ft/m-2,100 ft/m min to max -160 ft/m -160 -2,100 ft/m
Info Average altitude 807 ft agl718 ft agl min to max 865 ft agl 865 718 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -7.5 °-12.0 ° min to max -1.1 ° -1.1 -11.9 °
Pattern Base Leg 99.87Pattern Base Leg. Distance was less than 1 nm in 6 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99.7 % Heading -5.0 °-17.4 ° min to max 10.6 ° -17.4 10.6 °
100 % Average speed 86 kn81 kn min to max 89 kn 89 81 kn
100 % Average g force 1.11 g0.97 g min to max 1.22 g 1.22 1.19 g
Info Average VSI -2,031 ft/m-2,182 ft/m min to max -1,872 ft/m -2,182 -2,115 ft/m
Info Average altitude 582 ft agl480 ft agl min to max 680 ft agl 680 480 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 25.9 °24.1 ° min to max 27.3 ° 27.3 25.0 °
Info Average pitch angle -11.2 °-13.1 ° min to max -9.4 ° -10.9 -11.0 °
Pattern Final Turn 99.83Pattern Final Turn. Distance was less than 1 nm in 18 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 74 kn71 kn min to max 80 kn 80 73 kn
100 % Average bank angle 12.8 °2.1 ° min to max 27.7 ° 26.5 2.9 °
98 % Average g force 1.07 g0.86 g min to max 1.28 g 1.28 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -1,203 ft/m-1,892 ft/m min to max -786 ft/m -1,892 -819 ft/m
Info Average altitude 256 ft agl110 ft agl min to max 450 ft agl 450 110 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -6.5 °-10.2 ° min to max -3.5 ° -9.2 -4.4 °
Arrival Final 1 91.95Approaching runway 36 at 64I Lee Bottom from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 97 ft agl to 21 ft agl. A decrease of 76 ft in 5 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
86 % Approach angle 2.3 °1.5 ° min to max 3.2 °Target 3.0 ° 3.2 1.5 °
100 % Average speed 72 kn69 kn min to max 73 kn 73 69 kn
86 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.6 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.6 0.2 °
87 % Average bank angle 5.3 °2.3 ° min to max 7.7 ° 2.3 3.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.96 g min to max 1.09 g 1.03 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -688 ft/m-797 ft/m min to max -523 ft/m -797 -523 ft/m
Info Average altitude 51 ft agl21 ft agl min to max 97 ft agl 97 21 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.1 °-4.4 ° min to max -1.0 ° -3.9 -1.0 °
00.250.50.751050100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-30-23-15-7.507.5152330Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 48.28Landing on runway 36 at 64I Lee Bottom, runway length 1,037 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was too high at 69 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
56 % Threshold speed was too high at 69 kn. Target 55 kn
37 % Landing and flare profile
0 % Heading variation 2.2 °0.2 ° min to max 5.8 ° 0.2 5.8 °
88 % Average bank angle 2.1 °0.0 ° min to max 6.5 ° 2.8 1.6 °
99 % Average g force 1.01 g0.88 g min to max 1.27 g 1.02 0.94 g
Info Average speed 60 kn49 kn min to max 69 kn 69 49 kn
Info Average VSI -79 ft/m-520 ft/m min to max 61 ft/m -520 -135 ft/m
Info Average altitude 14 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 20 ft agl 20 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °-0.5 ° min to max 5.2 ° -0.5 2.8 °
07515022530037545052560067575001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750-18-15-12-9-6-30369121518Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 77.95Touchdown point was very long using more than 50% of available runway. Touchdown speed at 49 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was smooth at -135 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was excessively misaligned by 39.5 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 22 °C. Wind 2 kn at 20 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 2 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
91 % Touchdown VSI was -135 ft/m.
79 % Touchdown distance was 650 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 49 knTarget 50 kn
0 % Runway alignment max 39.53 m39.32 m left 39.03 39.53 m
68 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.6 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g0.94 g min to max 1.19 g 0.94 1.04 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 47 kn46 kn min to max 49 kn 49 46 kn
Info Average pitch angle 3.1 °2.3 ° min to max 4.1 ° 2.8 4.1 °
Arrival Rollout 38.90Total landing distance 866 m, 84 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was significantly misaligned by 40.0 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
66 % Landing distance 866 m84 % of runway.
0 % Runway alignment max 39.98 m39.98 m left to 0.00 m left 39.55 39.68 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.04 g 1.04 0.98 g
Info Average speed 42 kn31 kn min to max 49 kn 49 31 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-0.2 ° min to max 4.2 ° 4.2 1.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.3 0.1 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 8 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 14 kn7 kn min to max 30 kn 30 10 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °0.2 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.8 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.1 0.6 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 0.99 0.99 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 16 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 9 kn5 kn min to max 11 kn 11 7 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 8 knmax 11 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-0.5 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.7 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.1 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.4 0.4 °

Events

Fail Taxi Light OFF should be ON
Info Engine 1 Stopped 3 ft agl

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 66 kt with 1.8° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF1.8° off10° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0102030 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 2 kt 1.0° 0 s
Liftoff382 m 66 kt 1.8° 17.7 s
35 ft582 m · 5.5 s after liftoff 71 kt 9.9° 23.2 s
End of the climb975 m · 210 ft 67 kt 7.2° 34.8 s

Takeoff from 64I 36

Takeoff roll100.00
422m41 %
Liftoff speed4.94
66kt
Runway alignment74.85
8.81m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb95.96
746fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 210 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 412 m of runway left; then climbing at 740 fpm on average to 210 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 66 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 1,037 m runway.

Rolled from 43 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 8.8 m at the widest, and lifted off 8.9 m left. Airborne 40 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS2 kn75 %widest 8.81 m LROLL 43 M INAirborne 425 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 425 m of 1,037 m · 41 %
Behind the start of the roll, 43 mTakeoff roll, 382 m Left ahead, 612 m

The circuit to 64I 36

Right-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.

Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 0.8 nm out at 79 kt

How to read this

The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.

45° to the thresholdTHRLANDING1234crosswinddownwindbase90+75-89under 75not a circuit legtextbook circuit

Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded

How to read this

The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.

05001,0001,5000°30°HEIGHT ftBANKcircuit height 1,000 ftturn crosswind from 700 ft43°133°237°328°4distance flown →
HeightBankA turnCircuit height ±50 ft30° of bank
1Crosswind turn
Turned at
272 ft
Bank
43°
Speed
68 kt

Early: turned crosswind at 272 ft. US guidance is within 300 ft of circuit height, 700 ft here, so the climb ends on downwind.

Crosswind. Turn 90 degrees when you're within about 300 ft of pattern altitude, which at a standard field means roughly 700 ft AGL, or two-thirds of the way up. That rule exists for a reason worth knowing. It means you finish the climb and level off on downwind, wings level, rather than trying to capture an altitude mid-turn. If you turn crosswind at pattern altitude instead, you arrive on downwind still cleaning up, and the abeam point catches you unconfigured.

Read more in Pattern Work
2Onto downwind
Bank
33°
Height
752 ft
Speed
77 kt
Out
0.5 nm 0.8 suits 79 kt

Low on downwind: 752 ft against 1,000 ft, 248 ft below.

Descending on downwind. Power comes back abeam, the aircraft isn't re-trimmed, your eyes are outside judging the turn point, and 100 ft leaks away before base. Shows up as a low gate 2, and everything after it is a scramble.

Read more in Pattern Work
3Base turn
Angle
46° target 45°
Bank
37°
Height
865 ft

Steep: 37° of bank.

Bank angle in the pattern is conventionally kept to 20 to 30 degrees, and the base-to-final turn is where that convention earns its keep. Stall speed rises with bank because the wing must produce more lift in a turn. Roughly 7 per cent higher at 30 degrees, about 19 per cent at 45, and around 40 per cent at 60. At 65 kt on base you don't have much margin to spend steepening a turn to salvage an overshoot.

Read more in Pattern Work
4Final turn
Bank
28°
Overshoot
4 m none
Speed
74 kt

Good: full marks on the turn.

Entry99Crosswind100Turn onto downwind68Downwind87Base turn92Base100Final turn100

Landing and touchdown on 64I 36

Over the threshold

Threshold height45.16
20ft
Threshold speed55.76
68kt
Centreline offset0.00
1.77m L

Touchdown

Past threshold78.64
653m
Centreline0.00
39.53m L
Speed100.00
49kt
Touchdown rate91.03
-135fpm
Impact100.00
1.19G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No wind recorded: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 3° right of the track, wings level.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 50 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 13 s, an average deceleration of 0.08 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

020406030 kt · 232 mtouchdown241 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,037 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 20 ft, 30 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 653 m in, 348 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,037 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

20 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −135 fpm · 2.8° nose up · 49 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 20 ft, down at 653 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

From 20 ft the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 130 fpm before coming down at 140 fpm to touch. The nose came up 3.3° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−1°4°10°touchdown−135 fpm at touchdown2.8° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 1,037 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 40 m left of the centreline, and steered back to 15 m left by the end of the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 653 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 653 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 853 m of 1,037 m · 82 %
In the air over the runway, 653 mRollout, 200 m Left over, 184 m
Rollout distance72.10
200m82 % used
Rollout alignment0.00
39.98m L

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