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ZHEN
Hengjingqiao, China
Runway 23
Elevation20 ft asl
Weight17,273 kg
Fuel6,578 kg
Wind184° · 6 kn · 4 kn cross

Flight Score

97.04 %
WBGG
Kuching, Malaysia
Runway 07
Elevation62 ft asl
Weight13,073 kg
Fuel2,354 kg
Wind110° · 8 kn · 5 kn cross
24 Jul 2026 4:35 2010 nm Cessna Citation Longitude 4,224 kg
Departure Score
97.03 %
Enroute Score
99.61 %
Arrival Score
94.48 %

What went well

Touchdown 315 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 29 ft and 117 kt — both inside band
Straight touchdown — 2.83 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Departure Climb 3 — bank angle up to 31.8 ° at 66 %, climb speed 158 kt against 188 kt at 80 %, −0.99 points
Arrival Touchdown — Touchdown rate was -448 fpm at 46 %, bank angle up to 4.4 ° at 75 %, −0.88 points
Arrival Landing — Flare profile at 68 %, −0.57 points

Next time

Departure

Lower the nose and add power to accelerate back to climb speed.

What happened: Climb speed was slower than the target during the climb.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator against climb speed target.

Arrival

Keep the back pressure coming through the flare so the sink does not return at 246 fpm.

What happened: The flare arrested the sink, but then the sink returned before touchdown.

Watch for: Watch the VSI in the flare and keep arrested sink from returning before touchdown at 448 fpm.

Between four hundred and a thousand feet you're heavy, close to the ground and still carrying flap, and speed is the margin holding all three apart. Slow here doesn't feel like anything — the aeroplane climbs, the nose is up, nothing complains — right up until a turn, a gust or a bank tightens the wing's job and the margin is already gone. The fix is rarely "fly faster", it's lowering the nose a degree and letting the speed build before the next thing you do. Pitch buys altitude, speed buys options, and at this height options are the scarcer of the two.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 4 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 8 kt0 kt min to max 13 kt 0 10 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 9 ktmax 9 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.1 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.0 0.5 °

Events

Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 3 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 3 ft agl
Info 49 Activated 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 3 ft agl
Info 49 Deactivated 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 2 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 3 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 16 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 23 at ZHEN Jiaxing Air Base, Average speed was 16 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 10 kt0 kt min to max 17 kt 11 17 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.0 -0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.1 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.4 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 23 at ZHEN Jiaxing Air Base. Takeoff distance 968 m 35 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 128 kt. Local weather - Temperature 39 °C. Wind 7 kt at 184 °. Crosswind: 4 kt Headwind: 5 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 968 m35 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 128 ktTarget 130 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.85 m left2.85 m left to 2.44 m right -2.44 1.61 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 1.02 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-0.2 ° min to max 7.7 ° -0.0 7.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.2 0.4 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23 ZHEN Jiaxing Air Base.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° -0.1 0.3 °
100 % Average speed 136 kt128 kt min to max 143 kt 128 143 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 2.0 ° 0.2 2.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g1.01 g min to max 1.20 g 1.02 1.10 g
Info Average VSI 606 fpm311 fpm min to max 969 fpm 311 969 fpm
Info Average altitude 11 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 33 ft agl 0 33 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.5 °7.9 ° min to max 11.6 ° 7.9 11.6 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 6 ft agl · 136 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 18 ft agl · 143 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 27 ft agl · 146 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 27 ft agl · 146 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 43 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 43 ft agl · 149 kt
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23 ZHEN Jiaxing Air Base.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.4 °0.3 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.4 °
100 % Average speed 146 kt143 kt min to max 158 kt 143 158 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.7 °1.0 ° min to max 2.1 ° 2.0 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g1.06 g min to max 1.13 g 1.10 1.13 g
Info Average VSI 1,399 fpm993 fpm min to max 3,133 fpm 993 3,133 fpm
Info Average altitude 71 ft agl34 ft agl min to max 285 ft agl 34 285 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.3 °11.4 ° min to max 17.1 ° 11.7 17.1 °
Departure Climb 3 85.14Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 23 ZHEN Jiaxing Air Base.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
80 % Climb speed 158 kt156 kt min to max 160 ktTarget 188 kt, 30 kt slow 160 158 kt
66 % Average bank angle 17.0 °1.8 ° min to max 31.8 ° 1.8 31.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.95 g0.83 g min to max 1.17 g 1.17 1.06 g
100 % Landing gear up at 16 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation -0.2 °-1.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 -1.2 °
Info Average VSI 3,468 fpm2,569 fpm min to max 4,061 fpm 3,477 2,569 fpm
Info Average altitude 598 ft agl338 ft agl min to max 824 ft agl 338 824 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 16.6 °14.2 ° min to max 19.1 ° 19.1 14.2 °
Enroute Climb 97.31Enroute climb started overhead ZHEN Jiaxing Air Base Hengjingqiao (Zhejiang Sheng, China). Climbing from 875 ft asl to 23,770 ft asl, an increase of 22,895 ft in 7 minutes and covering 33 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
93 % Average speed 210 kt158 kt min to max 270 kt 158 270 kt
100 % Average bank angle 9.2 °0.0 ° min to max 35.4 ° 33.4 0.2 °
99.7 % Average g force 1.01 g0.60 g min to max 1.30 g 1.09 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 3,212 fpm-104 fpm min to max 6,368 fpm 2,477 2,148 fpm
Info Average altitude 7,468 ft asl875 ft asl min to max 23,770 ft asl 875 23,770 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 10.2 °0.4 ° min to max 15.9 ° 14.2 3.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 5,130 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 2,253 ft agl · 187 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 5,024 ft agl · 270 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 5,978 ft agl · 292 kt
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Activated 5,978 ft agl · 292 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 12,080 ft agl · 294 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 24,728 ft agl · 396 kt
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Deactivated 24,728 ft agl · 396 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 10 miles north west of Shangyu (Zhejiang Sheng, China) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 12 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,699 ft of 24,006 ft asl23,989 ft asl min to max 24,013 ft asl 23,989 24,002 ft asl
100 % Average speed 311 kt277 kt min to max 324 kt 277 318 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.89 g min to max 1.03 g 0.89 0.98 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.5 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 -0.3 °
Enroute Climb 2 99.96Enroute climb started 9 miles south west of Shangyu (Zhejiang Sheng, China). Climbing from 23,998 ft asl to 39,950 ft asl, an increase of 15,952 ft in 7 minutes and covering 52 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 261 kt230 kt min to max 319 kt 319 230 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.2 °
99.6 % Average g force 1.00 g0.72 g min to max 1.41 g 1.03 0.91 g
Info Average VSI 2,279 fpm7 fpm min to max 7,658 fpm 7 1,212 fpm
Info Average altitude 33,150 ft asl23,998 ft asl min to max 39,950 ft asl 23,998 39,950 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.6 °-0.4 ° min to max 10.2 ° -0.4 2.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 24,321 ft agl · 466 kt
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Activated 24,321 ft agl · 466 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 40,991 ft agl · 440 kt
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Deactivated 40,991 ft agl · 440 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 21 miles north west of Linhai (Zhejiang Sheng, China) and lasted 216 minutes, covering 1,709 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,500 ft of 40,002 ft asl39,987 ft asl min to max 40,045 ft asl 39,993 40,003 ft asl
100 % Average speed 249 kt232 kt min to max 253 kt 232 249 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.2 °0.0 ° min to max 17.2 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.88 g min to max 1.19 g 1.03 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °0.1 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.6 0.5 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 18 miles north east of Mukah (Sarawak, Malaysia). Descent from 40,004 ft asl to 3,008 ft asl, a decrease of 36,997 ft in 24 minutes and covering 168 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 281 kt186 kt min to max 305 kt 251 190 kt
100 % Average bank angle 11.2 °0.0 ° min to max 30.5 ° 0.0 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.90 g min to max 1.19 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -1,545 fpm-3,085 fpm min to max 18 fpm 18 -2 fpm
Info Average altitude 26,289 ft asl3,008 ft asl min to max 40,009 ft asl 40,004 3,008 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.2 °-5.6 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.4 1.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 41,522 ft agl · 473 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 41,522 ft agl · 473 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 26,236 ft agl · 446 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 26,236 ft agl · 446 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 17,754 ft agl · 402 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 7,209 ft agl · 276 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 3,194 ft agl · 209 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 3,194 ft agl · 209 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 9 miles north west of Kuching (Sarawak, Malaysia) and lasted 7 minutes, covering 23 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±650 ft of 2,996 ft asl2,925 ft asl min to max 3,015 ft asl 3,001 2,925 ft asl
100 % Average speed 192 kt184 kt min to max 196 kt 188 194 kt
100 % Average bank angle 11.6 °0.0 ° min to max 27.9 ° 0.3 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.86 g min to max 1.19 g 1.05 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °-0.5 ° min to max 3.6 ° 1.8 -0.5 °

Events

Info Autopilot Approach Mode Activated 2,998 ft agl · 208 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Captured Armed 2,998 ft agl · 208 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Arm Activated 2,998 ft agl · 208 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 3,014 ft agl · 207 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,823 ft agl · 202 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Hold Activated 2,823 ft agl · 202 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Captured Disarmed 2,823 ft agl · 202 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 9 miles south west of WBGG Kuching International Airport Kuching (Sarawak, Malaysia). Descent from 2,817 ft asl to 1,238 ft asl, a decrease of 1,579 ft in 2 minutes and covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 125 kt115 kt min to max 188 kt 188 117 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 1.4 1.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.84 g min to max 1.08 g 0.84 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -670 fpm-1,160 fpm min to max -400 fpm -476 -431 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,707 ft asl1,238 ft asl min to max 2,817 ft asl 2,817 1,238 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-3.5 ° min to max 2.2 ° -2.8 -0.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2,777 ft agl · 191 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 2,243 ft agl · 152 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 07 at WBGG Kuching International Airport. Descent from 1,203 ft agl to 73 ft agl in 116 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 783 ft agl · 122 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 637 ft agl · 119 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 220 ft agl · 126 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 196 ft agl · 125 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 727 ft agl · 125 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 435 ft agl · 130 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 211 ft agl · 125 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 177 ft agl · 128 kt
Arrival Landing 91.45Landing on runway 07 at WBGG Kuching International Airport, runway length 3,775 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 117 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 117 kt. Target 116 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
68 % The flare wandered off the target profile. The flare took all the sink out 20 ft agl above the runway and the aircraft then dropped the rest of the way, 246 fpm of sink coming back. Touchdown was 315 m past the threshold. Hold the attitude and let it settle rather than pushing - a balloon is almost always excess speed, so the fix is on the approach, not in the flare.
94 % Runway alignment max 5.27 m left5.27 m left to 3.93 m left 5.27 3.93 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.5 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.88 g min to max 1.12 g 1.11 1.06 g
Info Average speed 109 kt102 kt min to max 117 kt 117 102 kt
Info Average VSI -374 fpm-602 fpm min to max -247 fpm -602 -479 fpm
Info Average altitude 11 ft agl-5 ft agl min to max 30 ft agl 30 -5 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °2.1 ° min to max 5.1 ° 2.4 4.7 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 10 ft agl · 107 kt
07515022530037501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 86.76Touchdown distance was good at 315 m. Touchdown speed at 102 kt was good. Touchdown rate was hard at -448 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 3.9 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 32 °C. Wind 13 kt at 110 °. Crosswind: 9 kt Headwind: 10 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
46 % Touchdown rate was -448 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 315 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 102 ktTarget below 113 kt
97 % Runway alignment max 3.93 m left3.46 m left 3.93 2.83 m
75 % Average bank angle 2.6 °0.1 ° min to max 4.4 ° 0.1 4.4 °
86 % Average g force 1.22 g1.06 g min to max 1.49 g 1.06 1.15 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 101 kt101 kt min to max 102 kt 102 101 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.8 °2.9 ° min to max 4.7 ° 4.7 2.9 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Deactivated 4 ft agl · 105 kt
Arrival Rollout 99.14Total landing distance 880 m, 23 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 880 m23 % of runway.
98 % Runway alignment max 3.57 m right2.70 m left to 3.57 m right 2.70 -2.86 m
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.99 g min to max 1.10 g 1.10 0.99 g
Info Average speed 88 kt60 kt min to max 97 kt 97 60 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °-0.2 ° min to max 2.8 ° 2.8 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 2.0 °0.0 ° min to max 4.9 ° 4.6 0.2 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 29 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 25 kt14 kt min to max 49 kt 49 15 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-0.6 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.5 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.1 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.5 0.4 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 0.99 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 22 kt
Arrival Taxi 95.05Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 13 kt0 kt min to max 20 kt 15 8 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 9 ktmax 17 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.3 0.1 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Deactivated 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Deactivated 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Hold Deactivated 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Arm Deactivated 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 3 ft agl · 5 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 127 kt with 7.9° of pitch. Climb 3 averaged 158 kt, 30 kt under its 188 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 188180 kt12060020°10°0°LIFTOFF7.9° off12° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 26 kt 0.0° 0 s
80 kt274 m 80 kt -0.1° 9.8 s
Liftoff872 m · target 130 127 kt 7.9° 20.7 s
Gear up1,109 m · 16 ft · full marks to 400 ft 140 kt 10.9° 24.1 s
35 ft1,231 m · 5.0 s after liftoff 143 kt 11.8° 25.7 s
Climb 31,882 m · 338 ft to 824 ft · target 188 158 kt avg 19.1° 34.1 s
End of Climb 32,569 m · 824 ft 158 kt 14.2° 43.5 s

Takeoff from ZHEN 23

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
968m35 %
Liftoff speed100.00
127kttarget 130, 3 slow
Runway alignment100.00
2.85m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
16ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed79.82
158kttarget 188
Rate of climb100.00
605fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 824 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,469 m of runway left; gear up at 16 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,170 fpm on average to 824 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3158 kt avgtarget 188THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 127 ktGear up 16 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 2,801 m runway.

Rolled from 101 m in, drifted 4.3 m right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 34 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS3 kn75 %widest 4.28 m RROLL 101 M INAirborne 973 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 973 m of 2,801 m · 35 %
Behind the start of the roll, 101 mTakeoff roll, 872 m Left ahead, 1,828 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate780 fpm780 fpm
On glideslope2.7°2.6°
On centreline0.2° off0.3° off
On speed+8.2 kt−3.5 kt
Wings level0° bank1° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to WBGG 07

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 160 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,1606053972171,000 ft gate7 of 7949 ft · 124 kt500 ft gate7 of 7475 ft · 113 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 13× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 28 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR73 m L073 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND28 m L11 m L13 m L14 m L17 m L16 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 29 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 17 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between −5 kt and +9 kt on the approach speed of 116 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

120140160180 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 116−1 kt+2 kt+2 kt+8 kt+1 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on WBGG 07

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
29ft
Threshold speed100.00
117kttarget 116, 1 fast
Centreline offset94.42
5.27m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
315m
Centreline96.79
3.93m L
Speed100.00
101kttarget 113 or less
Touchdown rate45.80
-448fpm
Impact86.29
1.49G
BouncesOk
None
The flare68.03

The flare wandered off the target profile. The flare took all the sink out 20 ft agl above the runway and the aircraft then dropped the rest of the way, 246 fpm of sink coming back. Touchdown was 315 m past the threshold. Hold the attitude and let it settle rather than pushing - a balloon is almost always excess speed, so the fix is on the approach, not in the flare.

The crosswind

5 kt across from the right, which takes about 3° of crab to hold the centreline at 102 kt. Touched down with 3° of it still on, wings level.

Wind 110° at 8 kt · 6 kt head · 5 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 99 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 29 s, an average deceleration of 0.12 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012060 kt · 594 m30 kt · 830 mtouchdown863 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Began the flare high, at 58 ft, 162 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 29 ft, 21 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 315 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

29 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare began at 58 ft, 162 m before the threshold−746 fpm · 0.5° · 117 ktdescent slowed at 20 ft · −199 fpm · 3.4°−448 fpm · 4.7° nose up · 102 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 29 ft, down at 315 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 750 fpm at the flare to 130 fpm at 23 ft, then back up to 450 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 4.2° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°descent slowedtouchdown−448 fpm at touchdown4.7° at touchdown, +4.2° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,775 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 2.8 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 3.9 m left at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 5 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 315 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 315 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 448 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 848 m of 3,775 m · 22 %
In the air over the runway, 315 mRollout, 533 m Left over, 2,927 m
Rollout distance100.00
533m22 % used
Rollout alignment98.09
3.57m R

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Cessna Citation Longitude taxied from the parking area to runway 23 at ZHEN Jiaxing Air Base in 4 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.

During the departure roll on runway 23, the aircraft used 968 m of runway (35 % of the available length) and lifted off at 128 kt; ambient temperature was 39 °C with a wind of 7 kt from 183°, providing a 5 kt headwind and a 4 kt crosswind.

The first climb began overhead ZHEN Jiaxing Air Base Hengjingqiao, ascending from 875 ft asl to 23 770 ft asl-a gain of 22 895 ft-in 7 minutes while covering 33 nm.

A brief level cruise was initiated 10 mi north-west of Shangyu, lasting 2 minutes and extending for 12 nm.

The second climb started 9 mi south-west of Shangyu, climbing from 23 998 ft asl to 39 950 ft asl, an increase of 15 952 ft achieved in 7 minutes over a distance of 52 nm.

A prolonged cruise segment commenced 21 mi north-west of Linhai and continued for 216 minutes, during which the aircraft covered 1 709 nm.

Descent phase one began 18 mi north-east of Mukah, descending from 40 004 ft asl to 3 008 ft asl-a loss of 36 997 ft-in 24 minutes while traveling 168 nm.

A short cruise segment followed 9 mi north-west of Kuching, lasting 7 minutes and spanning 23 nm.

The second descent started 9 mi south-west of WBGG Kuching International Airport, dropping from 2 817 ft asl to 1 238 ft asl, a decrease of 1 579 ft in 2 minutes and covering 5 nm.

On final approach to runway 07 at WBGG Kuching International Airport, the aircraft approached from the south-west on a heading of 68.0°, intercepting the glide path at 4 nm and 1 168 ft agl.

Landing on runway 07, which is 3 775 m long, the aircraft touched down at a speed of 102 kt after a threshold speed of 117 kt, with a touchdown distance of 314 m and a hard touchdown rate of minus 479 fpm; the touchdown point was offset 3.9 m from the centreline, and the total landing roll measured 880 m (23 % of runway). Local conditions were 32 °C with a wind of 13 kt from 110°, giving a 10 kt headwind and a 9 kt crosswind.

Runway rollout alignment was reported as very good.

The aircraft taxied from the runway to the parking area in 3 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.

In total, the flight covered 2 010 nm, required 275 minutes of elapsed time, and consumed 4 224 kg of fuel.

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