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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Lower the nose and add power to accelerate back to climb speed.
What happened: Climb speed was slower than the target during the climb.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator against climb speed target.
Arrival
Keep the back pressure coming through the flare so the sink does not return at 246 fpm.
What happened: The flare arrested the sink, but then the sink returned before touchdown.
Watch for: Watch the VSI in the flare and keep arrested sink from returning before touchdown at 448 fpm.
Between four hundred and a thousand feet you're heavy, close to the ground and still carrying flap, and speed is the margin holding all three apart. Slow here doesn't feel like anything — the aeroplane climbs, the nose is up, nothing complains — right up until a turn, a gust or a bank tightens the wing's job and the margin is already gone. The fix is rarely "fly faster", it's lowering the nose a degree and letting the speed build before the next thing you do. Pitch buys altitude, speed buys options, and at this height options are the scarcer of the two.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 127 kt with 7.9° of pitch. Climb 3 averaged 158 kt, 30 kt under its 188 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 824 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,469 m of runway left; gear up at 16 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,170 fpm on average to 824 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 2,801 m runway.
Rolled from 101 m in, drifted 4.3 m right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 34 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 160 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 13× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 28 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 29 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 17 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between −5 kt and +9 kt on the approach speed of 116 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare wandered off the target profile. The flare took all the sink out 20 ft agl above the runway and the aircraft then dropped the rest of the way, 246 fpm of sink coming back. Touchdown was 315 m past the threshold. Hold the attitude and let it settle rather than pushing - a balloon is almost always excess speed, so the fix is on the approach, not in the flare.
5 kt across from the right, which takes about 3° of crab to hold the centreline at 102 kt. Touched down with 3° of it still on, wings level.
Wind 110° at 8 kt · 6 kt head · 5 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 99 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 29 s, an average deceleration of 0.12 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Began the flare high, at 58 ft, 162 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 29 ft, 21 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 315 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 750 fpm at the flare to 130 fpm at 23 ft, then back up to 450 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 4.2° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,775 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 2.8 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 3.9 m left at the widest.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 315 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 448 fpm arrival was firm.
The rest of the report
The Cessna Citation Longitude taxied from the parking area to runway 23 at ZHEN Jiaxing Air Base in 4 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
During the departure roll on runway 23, the aircraft used 968 m of runway (35 % of the available length) and lifted off at 128 kt; ambient temperature was 39 °C with a wind of 7 kt from 183°, providing a 5 kt headwind and a 4 kt crosswind.
The first climb began overhead ZHEN Jiaxing Air Base Hengjingqiao, ascending from 875 ft asl to 23 770 ft asl-a gain of 22 895 ft-in 7 minutes while covering 33 nm.
A brief level cruise was initiated 10 mi north-west of Shangyu, lasting 2 minutes and extending for 12 nm.
The second climb started 9 mi south-west of Shangyu, climbing from 23 998 ft asl to 39 950 ft asl, an increase of 15 952 ft achieved in 7 minutes over a distance of 52 nm.
A prolonged cruise segment commenced 21 mi north-west of Linhai and continued for 216 minutes, during which the aircraft covered 1 709 nm.
Descent phase one began 18 mi north-east of Mukah, descending from 40 004 ft asl to 3 008 ft asl-a loss of 36 997 ft-in 24 minutes while traveling 168 nm.
A short cruise segment followed 9 mi north-west of Kuching, lasting 7 minutes and spanning 23 nm.
The second descent started 9 mi south-west of WBGG Kuching International Airport, dropping from 2 817 ft asl to 1 238 ft asl, a decrease of 1 579 ft in 2 minutes and covering 5 nm.
On final approach to runway 07 at WBGG Kuching International Airport, the aircraft approached from the south-west on a heading of 68.0°, intercepting the glide path at 4 nm and 1 168 ft agl.
Landing on runway 07, which is 3 775 m long, the aircraft touched down at a speed of 102 kt after a threshold speed of 117 kt, with a touchdown distance of 314 m and a hard touchdown rate of minus 479 fpm; the touchdown point was offset 3.9 m from the centreline, and the total landing roll measured 880 m (23 % of runway). Local conditions were 32 °C with a wind of 13 kt from 110°, giving a 10 kt headwind and a 9 kt crosswind.
Runway rollout alignment was reported as very good.
The aircraft taxied from the runway to the parking area in 3 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
In total, the flight covered 2 010 nm, required 275 minutes of elapsed time, and consumed 4 224 kg of fuel.
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