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KIND
Indianapolis, United States
Runway 23L
Elevation787 ft asl
Weight493,767 lbs
Fuel55,028 lbs
Wind250° · 4 kn · 2 kn cross

Flight Score

99.59 %
KPHL
Philadelphia, United States
Runway 27R
Elevation13 ft asl
Weight469,981 lbs
Fuel30,938 lbs
Wind170° · 2 kn · 2 kn cross
4 Nov 2026 1:23 543 nm McDonnell Douglas MD-11 24,090 lbs
Departure Score
100.00 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
98.76 %

What went well

Touchdown 1,366 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 40 ft and 166 kt — both inside band
Straight touchdown — 2.3 ft off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Firm touchdown — 274 fpm, −0.41 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 274 fpm−0.30
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.11

Next time

Arrival

Begin the flare with progressive back pressure and keep it coming until the sink is arrested, rather than flying it on flat.

What happened: The nose was barely raised in the flare and little of the sink was taken out, flying the aircraft onto the runway. This pattern usually carries through to a firm touchdown with a noticeable sink rate.

Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a smoothly reducing sink through the normal flare band, not a steady rate into the runway.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 5 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 8 kt0 kt min to max 12 kt 0 7 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.1 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.3 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 16 ft agl
Info Engine 3 Started 16 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Activated 16 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 16 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 16 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 3 16 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 16 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 11 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 23L at KIND Indianapolis International Airport, Average speed was 10 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 7 kt6 kt min to max 9 kt 7 9 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 23L at KIND Indianapolis International Airport. Takeoff distance 5,861 ft 59 % of runway. Rotation speed was 154 kt. Local weather - Temperature 67 °F. Wind 4 kt at 249 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 5,861 ft59 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 154 ktTarget 155 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 8.3 ft right4.1 ft left to 8.3 ft right -1.2 -8.3 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 1.07 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-0.3 ° min to max 8.1 ° -0.3 8.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.0 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23L KIND Indianapolis International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average speed 170 kt166 kt min to max 174 kt 166 174 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g1.07 g min to max 1.12 g 1.07 1.12 g
Info Average VSI 661 fpm226 fpm min to max 1,162 fpm 226 1,162 fpm
Info Average altitude 10 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 28 ft agl 0 28 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.2 °8.1 ° min to max 10.6 ° 8.1 10.6 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23L KIND Indianapolis International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.2 0.5 °
100 % Average speed 175 kt174 kt min to max 178 kt 174 178 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.10 g1.01 g min to max 1.13 g 1.13 1.02 g
Info Average VSI 1,701 fpm1,295 fpm min to max 2,777 fpm 1,295 2,777 fpm
Info Average altitude 84 ft agl35 ft agl min to max 338 ft agl 35 338 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.9 °11.0 ° min to max 14.2 ° 11.0 14.2 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 120 ft agl · 180 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 152 ft agl · 180 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 23L KIND Indianapolis International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 179 kt178 kt min to max 180 ktTarget 193 kt, 14 kt slow 178 180 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.8 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 0.99 g
100 % Landing gear up at 76 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 0.7 °0.5 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.5 0.8 °
Info Average VSI 3,083 fpm2,881 fpm min to max 3,291 fpm 2,881 3,291 fpm
Info Average altitude 633 ft agl385 ft agl min to max 891 ft agl 385 891 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 14.7 °14.4 ° min to max 15.2 ° 14.4 15.2 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south west of KIND Indianapolis International Airport Indianapolis (Indiana, United States). Climbing from 1,736 ft asl to 34,450 ft asl, an increase of 32,714 ft in 16 minutes and covering 108 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 247 kt178 kt min to max 309 kt 180 279 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.9 °0.0 ° min to max 30.2 ° 2.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.83 g min to max 1.12 g 0.97 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 2,362 fpm549 fpm min to max 3,840 fpm 3,294 1,496 fpm
Info Average altitude 12,780 ft asl1,736 ft asl min to max 34,450 ft asl 1,736 34,450 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 8.9 °3.2 ° min to max 15.3 ° 15.1 4.7 °
Info Turn coordination -4-33 min to max 15 8 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 1,829 ft agl · 187 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Deactivated 1,929 ft agl · 187 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 7,408 ft agl · 259 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9,467 ft agl · 285 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north west of 3OH0 Andy Barnhart Memorial Airport New Carlisle (Ohio, United States) and lasted 35 minutes, covering 290 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,235 ft of 34,995 ft asl34,700 ft asl min to max 35,007 ft asl 34,700 35,003 ft asl
100 % Average speed 276 kt276 kt min to max 277 kt 276 277 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.1 °0.0 ° min to max 18.1 ° 0.3 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 0.98 g
Info Turn coordination 0-35 min to max 38 0 38
Info Average pitch angle 3.0 °2.8 ° min to max 4.7 ° 4.7 2.8 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 4 miles east of KMUU Huntingdon County Airport Mt Union (Pennsylvania, United States). Descent from 34,997 ft asl to 2,998 ft asl, a decrease of 32,000 ft in 20 minutes and covering 124 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 273 kt207 kt min to max 333 kt 277 210 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.7 °0.0 ° min to max 23.4 ° 0.8 19.7 °
99.98 % Average g force 1.02 g0.68 g min to max 1.14 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -1,533 fpm-3,725 fpm min to max 439 fpm -86 82 fpm
Info Average altitude 13,397 ft asl2,944 ft asl min to max 34,999 ft asl 34,997 2,998 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-2.4 ° min to max 5.4 ° 2.8 4.2 °
Info Turn coordination 0-17 min to max 58 58 -15

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 9,499 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 9,359 ft agl · 307 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Activated 7,829 ft agl · 287 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3,711 ft agl · 263 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north of Philadelphia (Pennsylvania, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±650 ft of 2,956 ft asl2,804 ft asl min to max 3,015 ft asl 3,000 2,804 ft asl
100 % Average speed 209 kt208 kt min to max 210 kt 210 210 kt
100 % Average bank angle 18.7 °0.1 ° min to max 23.4 ° 20.2 20.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.96 g min to max 1.09 g 1.02 1.05 g
Info Turn coordination 4-19 min to max 21 -16 15
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °1.3 ° min to max 4.8 ° 4.0 1.3 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile north of Pennsauken (New Jersey, United States). Descent from 2,774 ft asl to 1,338 ft asl, a decrease of 1,436 ft in 3 minutes and covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 183 kt165 kt min to max 210 kt 210 167 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.7 °0.0 ° min to max 20.5 ° 20.5 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.92 g min to max 1.08 g 1.07 0.98 g
Info Average VSI -556 fpm-1,550 fpm min to max 578 fpm -928 -786 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,880 ft asl1,278 ft asl min to max 2,774 ft asl 2,774 1,338 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.7 °0.2 ° min to max 8.6 ° 1.3 3.7 °
Info Turn coordination 5-19 min to max 28 14 9

Events

Info Flaps Position 5 2,285 ft agl · 218 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2,115 ft agl · 200 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,115 ft agl · 200 kt
Info Flaps Position 6 2,096 ft agl · 198 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 27R at KPHL Philadelphia International Airport. Descent from 1,355 ft agl to 98 ft agl in 84 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 978 ft agl · 170 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 995 ft agl · 170 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 1,012 ft agl · 170 kt
Arrival Landing 98.28Landing on runway 27R at KPHL Philadelphia International Airport, runway length 9,519 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 166 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 166 kt. Target 162 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
93 % The flare held the target profile well. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.4° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 1,366 ft past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
100 % Runway alignment max 13.2 ft right2.8 ft right to 13.2 ft right -13.2 -2.8 ft
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.8 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.8 1.0 °
100 % Peak g force 1.08 g1.04 g min to max 1.08 g 1.04 1.05 g
Info Average speed 165 kt162 kt min to max 166 kt 166 162 kt
Info Average VSI -500 fpm-801 fpm min to max -252 fpm -801 -252 fpm
Info Average altitude 11 ft agl-9 ft agl min to max 41 ft agl 41 -9 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.4 °4.3 ° min to max 6.4 ° 4.3 6.4 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Approach 995 ft agl · 170 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 33 ft agl · 166 kt
02505007501,0001,2501,50001223354658Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,500-90-72-54-36-1801836547290Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 95.51Touchdown distance was good at 1,366 ft. Touchdown speed at 162 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was fair at -274 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 64 °F. Wind 2 kt at 169 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
78 % Touchdown rate was -274 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 1,366 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 162 ktTarget below 159 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.8 ft right2.6 ft right -2.8 -2.3 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.2 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 0.2 °
100 % Peak g force 1.24 g1.04 g min to max 1.24 g 1.05 1.13 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 161 kt161 kt min to max 162 kt 162 161 kt
Info Average pitch angle 6.3 °6.3 ° min to max 6.4 ° 6.4 6.3 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 6,049 ft, 64 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 6,049 ft64 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 3.1 ft right1.4 ft left to 3.1 ft right -3.1 1.4 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.11 g 1.11 1.00 g
Info Average speed 123 kt82 kt min to max 162 kt 162 82 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °-0.2 ° min to max 6.3 ° 6.3 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 52 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 52 kt16 kt min to max 81 kt 81 16 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.2 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 16 ft agl · 16 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 16 ft agl · 16 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 9 kt2 kt min to max 16 kt 16 2 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 4 ktmax 4 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 14 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 14 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 2 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 154 kt, on the 155 kt target, and lifted off at 166 kt 4.2 s later, the nose coming up at 1.8° a second. Climb 3 averaged 179 kt, 14 kt under its 193 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 193180 kt12060020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 1558.1° off · 1.8°/s11° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 12 kt -0.3° 0 s
80 kt1,041 ft 80 kt -0.3° 15.1 s
Rotate4,396 ft · target 155 154 kt 0.4° 31.8 s
Liftoff5,533 ft · +12 kt from rotation 166 kt 8.1° 36.0 s
35 ft6,790 ft · 4.3 s after liftoff 174 kt 11.0° 40.3 s
Gear up7,333 ft · 76 ft · full marks to 400 ft 176 kt 12.2° 42.3 s
Climb 39,720 ft · 385 ft to 891 ft · target 193 179 kt avg 14.4° 50.7 s
End of Climb 312,690 ft · 891 ft 180 kt 15.2° 61 s

Takeoff from KIND 23L

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
5,861ft59 %
Rotation speed100.00
154kttarget 155, 1 slow
Liftoff speed
166kt
Runway alignment100.00
8.3ft R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
76ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
179kttarget 193
Rate of climb100.00
660fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 891 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 2,862 ft of runway left; gear up at 76 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,140 fpm on average to 891 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3179 kt avgtarget 193THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120140KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 154 kttarget 155Liftoff 166 ktGear up 76 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 9,991 ft runway.

Rolled from 338 ft in, drifted right of the centreline, 8 ft at the widest, and lifted off 8 ft right. Airborne 58 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

2,0004,0006,0008,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 7.6 ft RROLL 338 FT INAirborne 5,872 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 5,872 ft of 9,991 ft · 59 %
Behind the start of the roll, 338 ftTakeoff roll, 5,533 ft Left ahead, 4,119 ft

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate1,020 fpm1,020 fpm
On glideslope3.1°2.9°
On centreline0.3° off0.2° off
On speed+4.3 kt+4.3 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to 0.4 nm, then not again: right of the centreline from 0.4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KPHL 27R

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 60 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,2996333301891,000 ft gate7 of 71,057 ft · 166 kt500 ft gate7 of 7503 ft · 166 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 9× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band from 4 nm to 0.4 nm, then 40 ft right of it from 0.4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR340 ft L0340 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND136 ft R62 ft R9 ft R43 ft R99 ft R39 ft R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 41 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 24 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between +3 kt and +5 kt on the approach speed of 162 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

160180200220 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 162+5 kt+3 kt+4 kt+5 kt+4 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KPHL 27R

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
40ft
Threshold speed100.00
166kttarget 162, 4 fast
Centreline offset100.00
13.2ft R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
1,366ft
Centreline100.00
2.8ft R
Speed100.00
161kttarget 159, 2 fast
Touchdown rate77.55
-274fpm
Impact100.00
1.24G
BouncesOk
None
The flare93.13

The flare held the target profile well. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.4° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 1,366 ft past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.

The crosswind

Little crosswind (2 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 170° at 2 kt · 0 kt head · 2 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 163 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 39 s, an average deceleration of 0.18 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012016060 kt · 5,349 ft30 kt · 6,154 fttouchdown6,400 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 6,282 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 40 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 29 ft. Touched down 1,366 ft in, 366 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 6,282 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

40 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 29 ft · −647 fpm · 5° · 166 ktdescent slowed at 0 ft · −274 fpm · 6.4°−273 fpm · 6.4° nose up · 162 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 40 ft, down at 1,366 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 650 fpm at the flare to 270 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.4° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−273 fpm at touchdown6.4° at touchdown, +1.4° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 6,282 ft of the 9,519 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 5 ft of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 2 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 1,366 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 1,366 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 5,882 ft of 9,519 ft · 62 %
In the air over the runway, 1,366 ftRollout, 4,516 ft Left over, 3,637 ft
Rollout distance100.00
4,516ft62 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
3.1ft R

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Flight narrative

The MD-11 taxied from the parking area to runway 23L at Indianapolis International Airport (KIND) for five minutes, covering less than 1 nm.

Takeoff was made on runway 23L. The aircraft used 5,861 ft of runway, which was 59 % of the available length. Rotation occurred at 154 kt. Local weather was 67 °F with wind 4 kt from 249°, a 2 kt cross-wind component and a 3 kt head-wind component.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 22 seconds, averaging 2,188 fpm and reaching 180 kt at the top of the climb.

The climb continued from 1,736 ft asl to 34,450 ft asl in 16 minutes, covering 108 nm, beginning about 1 mile south-west of KIND.

Level cruise was flown at 35,000 ft asl for 35 minutes, covering 290 nm, beginning about 2 miles north-west of Andy Barnhart Memorial Airport (3OH0).

Descent began from 34,997 ft asl to 1,338 ft asl in 24 minutes, covering 137 nm, starting about 4 miles east of Huntingdon County Airport (KMUU), with a brief level-off at 3,000 ft asl.

Final approach to runway 27R at Philadelphia International Airport (KPHL) descended from 1,355 ft agl to 98 ft agl in 84 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were all met: gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed, and wings level. Configuration was gear down at 2,115 ft agl and 200 kt; final flap position 6 was selected at 2,096 ft agl and 198 kt.

Landing was made on runway 27R, whose length is 9,519 ft. The threshold height was good and the threshold speed was 166 kt. The flare was described as great, with little round-out. Touchdown occurred 1,366 ft down the runway at 162 kt, a little fast, with a fair descent rate of minus 274 fpm and perfect alignment. No bounce was observed. Total landing distance was 6,049 ft, 64 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was perfect. Local weather at the airport was 64 °F with wind 2 kt from 169°, a 2 kt cross-wind component and no head-wind.

After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area for three minutes, covering less than 1 nm.

The flight covered a total of 543 nm in 83 minutes and used 24,090 lb of fuel.

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