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This flight began at the Mihail Kogălniceanu International Airport, located in Romania, with the aircraft taking off from runway 18. The taxiing process to the runway took approximately 3 minutes, covering a distance of less than 1 nautical mile. Upon departure, the Cessna Skyhawk lifted off with a takeoff speed of 75 knots. The local weather conditions were characterized by a temperature of 16 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 2 knots at 270 degrees, with negligible crosswind and headwind.
As the flight progressed, it reached a level cruise, covering 1 nautical mile in just 1 minute. Subsequently, the aircraft began its enroute climb from 3 miles north west of Lumina, increasing its altitude by 610 feet at a rate of 307 feet per minute in 2 minutes, while covering a distance of 3 nautical miles. The climb started from an initial altitude of 974 feet above sea level, ultimately reaching 1,584 feet.
After completing the climb, the aircraft entered its second level cruise phase. This segment lasted for 15 minutes and covered a significant distance of 26 nautical miles, with the aircraft maintaining a consistent altitude. The next phase of the flight involved a descent from an altitude of 1,996 feet to 53 feet above sea level, reducing the altitude by 1,944 feet in 3 minutes. This descent started 2 miles south of Neptun and was necessary to prepare for the final approach to landing.
The final approach was conducted at an altitude of 53 feet above ground level, with the aircraft beginning its descent from 44 feet to 0 feet above ground level. This descent was completed in just 6 seconds, indicating a relatively steep rate of descent. Touchdown occurred at a speed of 68 knots, which was marginally higher than expected, accompanied by a firm touchdown rate of -350 feet per minute. Notably, the touchdown point was situated at an extremely long distance along the runway, utilizing over 50% of the available length.
Following a successful touchdown, the aircraft entered the landing rollout phase, covering a distance of 163 meters before coming to a stop. The taxiing process to the parking area again took approximately 3 minutes, concluding the flight. Throughout the journey, the Cessna Skyhawk consumed 16 kilograms of fuel and covered a total distance of 36 nautical miles, lasting for a duration of 25 minutes.
Replay this flight in 3D — the full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Average speed 10 kt 0 kt min to max 18 kt |
0 | 8 kt | |
| 100 % |
Average speed turning corners 13 kt max 13 kt |
0 | 0 kt | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.00 g 1.00 g min to max 1.00 g |
1.00 | 1.00 g | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 1.1 ° 0.1 ° min to max 1.4 ° |
1.1 | 1.1 ° | |
| Info |
Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° |
0.1 | 0.2 ° | |
| Info |
Battery Master On at 22:29:27 |
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| Info |
Engine 1 Started at 22:29:27 |
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| Info |
Landing Gear Down at 22:29:27 |
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| Info |
Parking Brake On at 22:29:27 |
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| Info |
Flaps Position 1 at 22:29:27 |
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| Info |
Parking Brake Off at 22:30:34 |
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| Info |
Beacon Lights Switched On at 22:30:45 |
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| Info |
Landing Lights Switched On at 22:30:45 |
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| Info |
Navigation Lights Switched On at 22:30:45 |
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| Info |
Strobe Lights Switched On at 22:30:45 |
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| Info |
Taxi Lights Switched On at 22:30:45 |
Entering runway 18 at LRCK Mihail Kogălniceanu International Airport, Average speed was 32 kt.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| Info |
Average speed 43 kt 3 kt min to max 48 kt |
9 | 12 kt | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 1.1 ° -0.1 ° min to max 1.5 ° |
1.2 | 0.8 ° | |
| Info |
Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° |
0.0 | 0.1 ° | |
| Info |
Average g force 1.00 g 0.95 g min to max 1.06 g |
1.00 | 0.99 g |
Departure roll runway 18 at LRCK Mihail Kogălniceanu International Airport. Takeoff distance 730 m 21 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 75 kt. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 2 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Takeoff distance 730 m 21 % of runway |
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| 79.04 % |
Liftoff speed was 75 kt Target 62 kt |
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| 97.09 % |
Runway alignment max 3.85 m 0.00 m left to 3.85 m right |
-3.47 | -3.07 m | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.00 g 0.97 g min to max 1.09 g |
1.00 | 1.02 g | |
| 100 % |
Takeoff Bounce |
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| Info |
Average pitch angle 0.1 ° -0.9 ° min to max 1.9 ° |
0.7 | 1.9 ° | |
| Info |
Average bank angle 0.2 ° 0.0 ° min to max 2.7 ° |
0.0 | 2.7 ° |
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 18 LRCK Mihail Kogălniceanu International Airport.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Heading variation 0.0 ° -0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° |
0.1 | -0.0 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 77 kt 75 kt min to max 78 kt |
75 | 77 kt | |
| 98.26 % |
Average bank angle 1.5 ° 0.4 ° min to max 2.7 ° |
2.7 | 0.4 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.05 g 0.98 g min to max 1.09 g |
1.03 | 0.98 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI 447 fpm 208 fpm min to max 632 fpm |
208 | 632 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 17 ft agl 0 ft agl min to max 44 ft agl |
0 | 44 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 4.9 ° 2.0 ° min to max 6.4 ° |
2.0 | 6.1 ° |
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 18 LRCK Mihail Kogălniceanu International Airport.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Heading variation -0.6 ° -1.2 ° min to max -0.0 ° |
-0.0 | -0.5 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 86 kt 77 kt min to max 103 kt |
77 | 103 kt | |
| 73.68 % |
Average bank angle 1.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 12.0 ° |
0.4 | 5.7 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 0.98 g 0.95 g min to max 1.18 g |
0.98 | 1.04 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI 317 fpm -137 fpm min to max 634 fpm |
632 | 449 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 171 ft agl 45 ft agl min to max 343 ft agl |
45 | 343 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 3.5 ° -0.1 ° min to max 6.1 ° |
6.1 | 3.5 ° | |
| Info |
Landing Gear Up at 22:35:08 |
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| Info |
Flaps Fully Retracted at 22:35:30 |
Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 18 LRCK Mihail Kogălniceanu International Airport.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Heading variation -0.4 ° -0.8 ° min to max -0.3 ° |
-0.4 | -0.8 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 104 kt 103 kt min to max 105 kt |
104 | 105 kt | |
| 48.29 % |
Average bank angle 14.4 ° 6.4 ° min to max 21.6 ° |
6.4 | 21.6 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.01 g 0.95 g min to max 1.08 g |
1.03 | 1.08 g | |
| 100 % |
Landing gear up |
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| Info |
Average VSI 289 fpm 85 fpm min to max 533 fpm |
515 | 85 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 378 ft agl 352 ft agl min to max 393 ft agl |
352 | 393 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 2.3 ° 1.0 ° min to max 3.5 ° |
3.5 | 1.0 ° |
Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south east of Mihail Kogalniceanu (Constanta, Romania) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 1 nm.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Average altitude 853 ft asl 729 ft asl min to max 967 ft asl |
729 | 967 ft asl | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 106 kt 103 kt min to max 109 kt |
106 | 109 kt | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 3.6 ° 0.0 ° min to max 18.7 ° |
18.7 | 0.1 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.01 g 0.85 g min to max 1.13 g |
1.02 | 0.99 g | |
| Info |
Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0 |
0 | 0 | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 2.3 ° -0.4 ° min to max 4.0 ° |
0.4 | 2.0 ° | |
| Info |
Autopilot Master Switched On at 22:37:03 |
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| Info |
Autopilot Flight Director Activated at 22:37:03 |
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| Info |
Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated at 22:37:12 |
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| Info |
Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated at 22:37:15 |
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| Info |
Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated at 22:37:15 |
Enroute climb started 3 miles north west of Lumina (Constanta, Romania). Climbing from 974 ft asl to 1,584 ft asl, an increase of 610 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Average speed 110 kt 108 kt min to max 111 kt |
109 | 109 kt | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° |
0.1 | 0.1 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.00 g 0.95 g min to max 1.08 g |
1.00 | 0.99 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI 402 fpm 330 fpm min to max 464 fpm |
402 | 407 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 1,281 ft asl 974 ft asl min to max 1,584 ft asl |
974 | 1,584 ft asl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 2.0 ° 1.5 ° min to max 2.5 ° |
2.0 | 1.9 ° | |
| Info |
Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0 |
0 | 0 | |
| Info |
Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated at 22:38:19 |
Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south west of Lumina (Constanta, Romania) and lasted 15 minutes, covering 26 nm.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Average altitude 1,967 ft asl 1,590 ft asl min to max 2,008 ft asl |
1,590 | 1,996 ft asl | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 120 kt 108 kt min to max 125 kt |
109 | 123 kt | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 4.6 ° 0.0 ° min to max 23.8 ° |
0.1 | 13.7 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.01 g 0.93 g min to max 1.15 g |
1.00 | 1.03 g | |
| Info |
Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0 |
0 | 0 | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 0.1 ° -1.2 ° min to max 2.4 ° |
2.0 | -0.1 ° | |
| Info |
Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated at 22:39:52 |
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| Info |
Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated at 22:39:52 |
Enroute descent started 2 miles south of Neptun (Constanta, Romania). Descent from 1,996 ft asl to 53 ft asl, a decrease of 1,944 ft in 3 minutes and covering 2 nm.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Average speed 98 kt 71 kt min to max 152 kt |
123 | 71 kt | |
| 90.72 % |
Average bank angle 6.5 ° 0.0 ° min to max 44.6 ° |
13.4 | 9.5 ° | |
| 94.57 % |
Average g force 1.11 g 0.31 g min to max 1.69 g |
1.03 | 0.97 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI -452 fpm -3,828 fpm min to max 344 fpm |
-6 | -141 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 410 ft asl 53 ft asl min to max 1,996 ft asl |
1,996 | 53 ft asl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -1.5 ° -16.8 ° min to max 2.5 ° |
-0.1 | 0.0 ° | |
| Info |
Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0 |
0 | 0 | |
| Info |
Autopilot Master Switched Off at 22:54:56 |
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| Info |
Flaps Position 1 at 22:55:39 |
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| Info |
Flaps Position 2 at 22:56:53 |
Approaching landing ground overhead Neptun (Constanta, Romania) from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 53 ft agl to 50 ft agl. A decrease of 3 ft in 0 seconds.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Approach angle 3.2 ° 3.1 ° min to max 3.3 ° Target 3.0 ° |
3.1 | 3.3 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 71 kt 70 kt min to max 71 kt |
71 | 70 kt | |
| 100 % |
Heading variation -0.1 ° -0.2 ° min to max 0.0 ° |
-0.2 | 0.0 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 0.0 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° |
0.0 | 0.0 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 0.94 g 0.93 g min to max 0.96 g |
0.96 | 0.93 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI -163 fpm -190 fpm min to max -142 fpm |
-142 | -190 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 52 ft agl 50 ft agl min to max 53 ft agl |
53 | 50 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -0.4 ° -0.8 ° min to max -0.1 ° |
-0.1 | -0.8 ° |
Approaching touchdown overhead Neptun (Constanta, Romania). Descent from 44 ft agl to 0 ft agl. A decrease of 44 ft in 6 seconds.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Threshold speed was well above target at 70 kt. Target 60 kt |
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| 86.64 % |
Landing and flare profile |
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| 89.2 % |
Heading variation 0.5 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° |
0.0 | 0.8 ° | |
| 81.81 % |
Average bank angle 3.8 ° 0.0 ° min to max 9.1 ° |
9.1 | 0.0 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 0.99 g 0.92 g min to max 1.06 g |
0.93 | 0.97 g | |
| Info |
Average speed 69 kt 68 kt min to max 70 kt |
70 | 68 kt | |
| Info |
Average VSI -363 fpm -447 fpm min to max -196 fpm |
-196 | -350 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 21 ft agl 1 ft agl min to max 44 ft agl |
44 | 1 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -0.6 ° -1.6 ° min to max 0.3 ° |
-0.9 | -1.0 ° |
Touchdown overhead Neptun (Constanta, Romania). Touchdown speed at 68 kt was fast. Touchdown rate was firm at -350 fpm. Touchdown point was very long using more than 50% of available runway. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 2 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 0 kt
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 91.27 % |
Touchdown VSI was -350 fpm. |
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| 98.4 % |
Speed at touchdown 68 kt Target below 58 kt |
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| 0 % |
Alignment max 72.44 m 0.09 m left |
16.86 | -52.24 m | |
| 46.76 % |
Average bank angle 0.9 ° 0.0 ° min to max 6.4 ° |
0.0 | 0.0 ° | |
| 91.14 % |
Average g force 1.01 g 0.80 g min to max 1.81 g |
0.97 | 1.06 g | |
| 80 % |
Landing Bounce |
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| Info |
Average speed 51 kt 39 kt min to max 68 kt |
68 | 39 kt | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 3.1 ° -1.9 ° min to max 5.2 ° |
-1.0 | 3.5 ° |
Landing rollout overhead Neptun (Constanta, Romania). Altitude0 ft asl. Distance was 163 m.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 0 % |
Alignment max 89.31 m 0.00 m left to 89.31 m right |
-55.67 | -89.31 m | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.00 g 0.76 g min to max 1.35 g |
1.07 | 0.89 g | |
| Info |
Average speed 44 kt 37 kt min to max 49 kt |
49 | 37 kt | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 3.3 ° 1.0 ° min to max 5.3 ° |
3.3 | 3.2 ° | |
| Info |
Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° |
0.1 | 0.0 ° |
Exiting rollout overhead Neptun (Constanta, Romania), Average speed was 20 kt
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| Info |
Average speed 32 kt 26 kt min to max 37 kt |
37 | 26 kt | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 3.0 ° 1.6 ° min to max 4.8 ° |
3.1 | 2.6 ° | |
| Info |
Average bank angle 0.2 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° |
0.0 | 0.0 ° | |
| Info |
Average g force 1.00 g 0.83 g min to max 1.21 g |
1.07 | 0.99 g |
Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Average speed 20 kt 6 kt min to max 29 kt |
25 | 29 kt | |
| 100 % |
Average speed turning corners 10 kt max 10 kt |
0 | 0 kt | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 0.99 g 0.85 g min to max 1.11 g |
1.01 | 1.00 g | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 3.0 ° 2.1 ° min to max 3.8 ° |
3.1 | 3.3 ° | |
| Info |
Average bank angle 0.3 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° |
0.8 | 0.3 ° | |
| Info |
Engine 1 Stopped at 22:59:39 |
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| Info |
Flaps Fully Retracted at 23:00:26 |
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| Info |
Flaps Position 1 at 23:00:27 |
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| Info |
Engine 1 Started at 23:00:33 |
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| 100 % |
Landing Lights at 22:58:38 |
Comprehensive Report: Aircraft Landing
On a day with favorable weather conditions, with the temperature at a comfortable 16 °C and a light wind of 2 kt at 270°, a Cessna Skyhawk aircraft successfully landed at Neptun, a location in Constanta, Romania. The aircraft began its final approach to landing at a height of 1 nm (approximately 1.8 kilometers) from the ground and descended at an altitude of 53 feet above ground level (ft agl). As the aircraft continued its descent, it maintained a steady altitude, with a decrease in height being minimal.
During the final stages of the approach, the aircraft's descent became more pronounced, with a decrease of 44 ft in just 6 seconds. This rapid descent indicates that the pilot expertly controlled the aircraft's rate of descent to ensure a smooth landing. However, upon touchdown, the aircraft touched down at a speed of 68 kt, which was slightly above the recommended touchdown speed. This might have contributed to a firmer touchdown rate of -350 fpm, indicating that the aircraft experienced a steeper rate of descent at touchdown.
Despite the higher than desired touchdown speed, the aircraft's landing was otherwise successful. The touchdown point was positioned quite far down the runway, exceeding 50% of the available runway. This might have been a result of the pilot not being able to slow the aircraft down quickly enough, contributing to a longer rollout distance.
Upon touchdown, the aircraft maintained an altitude of 0 ft agl, and the landing rollout distance was recorded at 163 meters. The crosswind and headwind conditions were negligible, with a crosswind of 2 kt and a headwind of 0 kt, which minimizes the impact on the aircraft's stability and control. Overall, the landing was successful, albeit with a slightly higher-than-ideal touchdown speed.
Recommendations for Improvement
To improve the landing, the pilot should aim to reduce the touchdown speed by 5-10 kt, which would result in a smoother touchdown rate. This can be achieved by increasing the rate of descent during the final stages of the approach, allowing the aircraft to touch down at a slower speed. Additionally, the pilot should focus on using a longer landing roll to slow the aircraft down gradually, reducing the load on the brakes and minimizing the risk of wheel spin or loss of control. With these adjustments, the pilot can aim to achieve a safer and more efficient landing.
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