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EDLN
Monchengladbach, Germany
Runway 13
Fuel129 kg

Flight Score

86.55 %
BUSH
2 miles north of Monheim am Rhein (Duesseldorf District, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany), Germany
Runway XX
Fuel123 kg
20 Apr 2023 0:19 16 nm PA28 Warrior II 6 kg
Departure Score
97.22 %
Enroute Score
96.98 %
Arrival Score
58.78 %

What went well

Touchdown 317 m in — inside the full-score zone
1.20 G at touchdown — inside band
Held the centreline on the roll — 4.27 m off at liftoff

What held you back

Arrival Taxi — taxi light off should be on; peak taxi speed 51 kt at 0 %, peak speed in a turn 47 kt at 0 %, −5.52 points
Arrival Rollout — Alignment max 285.10 m at 0 %, −3.01 points
Arrival Landing — Heading variation 2.3 ° at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 43 %, −2.41 points
Arrival Touchdown — Alignment max 148.61 m at 0 %, bank angle up to 8.8 ° at 0 %, −1.88 points

Top opportunity

Shorten the long landing

Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 13 stages, 13 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 6 kn0 kn min to max 8 kn 0 8 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °1.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 1.2 1.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.1 °

Events

Fail Beacon Light OFF should be ON
Fail Navigation Light OFF should be ON
Fail Navigation Light OFF should be ON
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl · 5 kt
Departure Roll 92.53Departure roll runway 13 at EDLN Monchengladbach. Takeoff distance 259 m 22 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 76 kn. Local weather - Temperature 13 °C. Wind 4 kn at 60 °. Crosswind: 3 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 259 m22 % of runway
72 % Liftoff speed was 76 knTarget 65 kn
91 % Runway alignment max 4.27 m4.27 m left to 0.00 m left 1.34 4.27 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 0.99 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-0.8 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.3 0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.2 0.4 °

Events

Fail Strobe Light OFF should be ON
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Battery Master On 2 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 2 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl · 5 kt
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 13 EDLN Monchengladbach.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.5 °-0.5 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.5 -0.4 °
100 % Average speed 86 kn77 kn min to max 92 kn 77 92 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.4 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.99 g min to max 1.07 g 0.99 1.07 g
Info Average VSI 413 ft/m249 ft/m min to max 601 ft/m 249 601 ft/m
Info Average altitude 13 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 44 ft agl 0 44 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °0.3 ° min to max 4.9 ° 0.3 4.9 °
Departure Climb 2 97.11Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 13 EDLN Monchengladbach.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.6 ° -0.4 0.3 °
100 % Average speed 92 kn91 kn min to max 93 kn 92 91 kn
88 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.2 ° min to max 6.4 ° 0.6 6.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.97 g min to max 1.08 g 1.07 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 874 ft/m608 ft/m min to max 1,091 ft/m 608 984 ft/m
Info Average altitude 120 ft agl51 ft agl min to max 394 ft agl 51 394 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.0 °5.0 ° min to max 6.9 ° 5.0 5.9 °
Departure Climb 3 96.46Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 13 EDLN Monchengladbach.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -1.5 °-2.2 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -2.2 °
100 % Average speed 92 kn90 kn min to max 94 kn 91 94 kn
82 % Average bank angle 3.6 °0.2 ° min to max 8.7 ° 7.9 4.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.04 g 0.99 1.02 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 922 ft/m700 ft/m min to max 1,281 ft/m 909 949 ft/m
Info Average altitude 706 ft agl418 ft agl min to max 993 ft agl 418 993 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.5 °4.1 ° min to max 7.8 ° 5.5 5.7 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 784 ft agl · 90 kt
Enroute Climb 94.24Enroute climb started 1 mile north east of Korschenbroich (Duesseldorf District, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Climbing from 1,138 ft asl to 1,625 ft asl, an increase of 487 ft in 1 minutes and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
86 % Climb speed 95 kn91 kn min to max 102 knTarget 85 kn 94 102 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.7 °2.2 ° min to max 17.1 ° 5.1 2.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.82 g min to max 1.09 g 1.01 1.05 g
Info Average VSI 740 ft/m-57 ft/m min to max 1,139 ft/m 998 35 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,427 ft asl1,138 ft asl min to max 1,628 ft asl 1,138 1,625 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °-1.2 ° min to max 6.7 ° 6.1 -0.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 99.71Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north east of Korschenbroich (Duesseldorf District, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany) and lasted less than 1 minute. , covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,698 ft asl1,628 ft asl min to max 1,769 ft asl 1,628 1,769 ft asl
100 % Average speed 113 kn107 kn min to max 117 kn 107 117 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.4 °0.0 ° min to max 16.0 ° 1.4 1.4 °
97 % Average g force 1.02 g0.70 g min to max 1.16 g 1.01 0.98 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °-3.7 ° min to max 3.7 ° -0.8 -1.0 °
Arrival 98.74Arrival started 2 miles north east of Korschenbroich (Duesseldorf District, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 103 kn74 kn min to max 122 kn 115 74 kn
100 % Average bank angle 7.0 °0.0 ° min to max 31.4 ° 1.8 28.1 °
94 % Average g force 1.01 g0.64 g min to max 1.24 g 1.03 1.16 g
Info Average VSI 51 ft/m-2,622 ft/m min to max 1,590 ft/m 227 -1,020 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,852 ft asl202 ft asl min to max 2,775 ft asl 1,772 202 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.1 °-22.3 ° min to max 6.4 ° -0.6 -6.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Navigation Lights Switched Off 2,346 ft agl · 101 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 2,348 ft agl · 101 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched Off 2,162 ft agl · 97 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 2,152 ft agl · 97 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,768 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 1,747 ft agl · 91 kt
Arrival Final 1 86.23Approaching landing ground 2 miles north of Monheim am Rhein (Duesseldorf District, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany) from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 77 ft agl to 42 ft agl. A decrease of 35 ft in 2 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99.5 % Approach angle 1.0 °0.7 ° min to max 1.2 °Target 3.0 ° 1.2 0.7 °
100 % Average speed 73 kn73 kn min to max 74 kn 74 73 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
32 % Average bank angle 23.2 °18.4 ° min to max 28.0 ° 28.0 18.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.12 g1.05 g min to max 1.21 g 1.18 1.16 g
Info Average VSI -982 ft/m-1,018 ft/m min to max -964 ft/m -1,018 -964 ft/m
Info Average altitude 59 ft agl42 ft agl min to max 77 ft agl 77 42 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -6.2 °-7.0 ° min to max -5.4 ° -5.8 -5.4 °
00.250.50.751050Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-30-23-15-7.507.5152330Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 63.91Approaching touchdown 2 miles north of Monheim am Rhein (Duesseldorf District, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Descent from 39 ft agl to 0 ft agl. A decrease of 39 ft in 8 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
83 % Threshold speed was well above target at 73 kn. Target 65 kn
43 % Landing and flare profile
0 % Heading variation 2.3 °0.0 ° min to max 5.9 ° 0.0 5.9 °
58 % Average bank angle 12.3 °9.1 ° min to max 18.1 ° 18.1 9.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g0.96 g min to max 1.18 g 1.17 0.97 g
Info Average speed 70 kn66 kn min to max 73 kn 73 66 kn
Info Average VSI -375 ft/m-959 ft/m min to max -61 ft/m -959 -154 ft/m
Info Average altitude 10 ft agl-1 ft agl min to max 39 ft agl 39 -1 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.1 °-5.3 ° min to max 0.9 ° -5.3 -1.1 °
07515022530001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300-12-10-8-6-4-2024681012Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 71.75Touchdown 2 miles north of Monheim am Rhein (Duesseldorf District, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Touchdown speed at 66 knwas fast. Touchdown rate was good at -153 ft/m. Touchdown distance was good at 312 m. Local weather - Temperature 9 °C. Wind 13 kn at 69 °. Crosswind: 13 kn Headwind: 3 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
89 % Touchdown VSI was -153 ft/m.
72 % Speed at touchdown 66 knTarget 56 kn
0 % Alignment max 148.61 m140.43 m left 130.35 148.61 m
0 % Average bank angle 6.1 °4.1 ° min to max 8.8 ° 8.8 4.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g1.02 g min to max 1.20 g 1.11 1.02 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 65 kn63 kn min to max 66 kn 66 63 kn
Info Average pitch angle -0.9 °-1.6 ° min to max -0.2 ° -1.2 -0.2 °
Arrival Rollout 54.89Landing rollout 2 miles north of Monheim am Rhein (Duesseldorf District, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Altitude124 ft asl. Distance was 223 m.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Alignment max 285.10 m285.10 m left to 0.00 m left 150.60 285.10 m
99 % Average g force 1.00 g0.83 g min to max 1.27 g 1.00 0.83 g
Info Average speed 63 kn37 kn min to max 68 kn 68 37 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-1.8 ° min to max 2.4 ° -0.3 -0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 1.3 °0.1 ° min to max 4.0 ° 3.7 1.4 °
Arrival Taxi 17.14Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Average speed 26 kn0 kn min to max 51 kn 28 49 kn
0 % Average speed turning corners 34 knmax 47 kn 0 0 kn
71 % Average g force 1.01 g0.73 g min to max 1.75 g 0.99 0.90 g
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °-2.4 ° min to max 12.3 ° -0.7 12.3 °
Info Average bank angle 1.3 °0.1 ° min to max 9.6 ° 0.5 1.5 °

Events

Fail Taxi Light OFF should be ON
Fail Taxi Light OFF should be ON
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 3 ft agl · 36 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2 ft agl · 37 kt

Takeoff

90.53Runway alignment4.27 m L
OkBounce on takeoffNone

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

0.00Centreline offset1.81 m L

The rest of the report

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Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 13 at EDLN Monchengladbach in the PA28 Warrior II
97.22 %
100 %
Taxi
Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
Taxi Lights
100 %
Switched On
Ground Speed kt
100 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
100 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
2 1.5 1
92.53 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 13 at EDLN Monchengladbach. Takeoff distance 259 m 22 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 76 kn. Local weather - Temperature 13 °C. Wind 4 kn at 60 °. Crosswind: 3 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 259 m using 21.66 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
72.14 %
Liftoff speed was 76 kn - Target 65 kn
Alignment
90.53 %
4.27 m left to 0.00 m left
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
0 %
Switched Off
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
80 40 0
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
2 1 0
02505007501,000-15-10-5051015 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
100 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 13 EDLN Monchengladbach.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
100 85 70
Bank °
100 %
1 0.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
5 2.5 0
Climb Rate fpm
Info
700 300 -100
97.11 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 13 EDLN Monchengladbach.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
100 95 90
Bank °
88.45 %
7 3.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
7 5.5 4
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,100 800 500
96.46 %
Climb 3
Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 13 EDLN Monchengladbach.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
100 90 80
Bank °
82.32 %
9 4.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
8 6 4
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,300 950 600
02505007501,0000285684112140 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.250.50100200300400500600700800900 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.250.5-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway XX at 2 miles north of Monheim am Rhein (Duesseldorf District, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany) in the PA28 Warrior II
Landing Score 69.19 %
86.23 %
Final 1
Approaching landing ground 2 miles north of Monheim am Rhein (Duesseldorf District, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany) from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 77 ft agl to 42 ft agl. A decrease of 35 ft in 2 seconds.
Glideslope
99.51 %
Excellent glideslope alignment
Heading
100 %
Excellent heading alignment
Glideslope °
99.51 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
74 72 70
Alignment
100 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
31.63 %
28 23 18
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-964 -1,032 -1,100
00.250.50.751050 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-30-23-15-7.507.5152330 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
63.91 %
Landing
Approaching touchdown 2 miles north of Monheim am Rhein (Duesseldorf District, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Descent from 39 ft agl to 0 ft agl. A decrease of 39 ft in 8 seconds.
Height
86.56 %
Good threshold height. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
82.74 %
Threshold speed was well above target at 73 kt. Target 65 kt
Flare
43.3 %
Very poor landing flare
Centreline ft
0 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
57.63 %
19 14 9
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
73 67 60
Pitch °
Info
1 -2 -5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-61 -530 -1,000
07515022530001123344657 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075150225300-12-10-8-6-4-2024681012 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
71.75 %
Touchdown
Touchdown 2 miles north of Monheim am Rhein (Duesseldorf District, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Touchdown speed at 66 knwas fast. Touchdown rate was good at -153 ft/m. Touchdown distance was good at 312 m. Local weather - Temperature 9 °C. Wind 13 kn at 69 °. Crosswind: 13 kn Headwind: 3 kn
Landed with a 13 kt crosswind, well done!
Touchdown
89.15 %
Touchdown rate was good at -153 fpm.
Speed
72.29 %
Touchdown speed at 66 kt was fast. Target below 56 kn
Distance
100 %
Touchdown distance was good at 312 m.
Alignment
0 %
Runway touchdown position was excessively misaligned by 148.6 m from centreline.
Bank
0 %
Bank angle 6.1 °
G
100 %
G 1.08 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
54.89 %
Rollout
Landing rollout 2 miles north of Monheim am Rhein (Duesseldorf District, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Altitude124 ft asl. Distance was 223 m.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 565 m using 37.1 % of runway
Alignment
0 %
Runway rollout alignment was excessively misaligned by 285.1 m from centreline.
G
98.86 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
63 47 30
Bank °
Info
5 2.5 0
Pitch °
Info
3 1 -1
0200400 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
17.14 %
Taxi
Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched Off
Taxi Lights
Switched Off
Ground Speed kt
0 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
0 %
30 15 0
G
71.43 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
10 5 0
Pitch °
Info
13 5.5 -2
Metrics
Metrics

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