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EDUD
Reinheim, Germany
Runway 19R
Elevation509 ft asl
Weight1,079 kg
Fuel95 kg
Wind187° · 1 kn

Flight Score

73.30 %
BUSH
1 mile north west of Brensbach (Hessen, Germany), Germany
Runway XX
Elevation567 ft asl
Weight1,071 kg
Fuel95 kg
Wind257° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
11 Nov 2026 0:09 15 nm Commander 114
Departure Score
98.18 %
Enroute Score
38.70 %
Arrival Score
83.01 %

What went well

Touchdown 124 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 46 ft and 75 kt — both inside band
Rollout controlled — 21 % of the runway used

What held you back

Enroute Climb — speed limits at 0 %, bank angle up to 149.5 ° at 0 %, −13.40 points
Enroute Descent — bank angle up to 175.0 ° at 0 %, g force 0.05 to 3.76 g at 78 %, −7.03 points
Firm touchdown — 493 fpm with 3 bounces, −4.14 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 493 fpm−2.22
  • Arrival Touchdown · bounced 3 times−1.33
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.41
  • Arrival Touchdown · 1.78 G at contact−0.17

Next time

Departure

Apply small rudder corrections to track the centreline against a point at the far end of the runway.

What happened: The takeoff roll drifted 11 m off the centreline, and a heading variation of 1.5° usually follows into the initial climb.

Watch for: Heading indicator: wings-level runway heading held through the climb

See Departure RollDeparture Climb 1

Arrival

Begin the flare with progressive back pressure and keep it coming until the sink is arrested, rather than flying it on flat.

What happened: The nose was barely raised in the flare and little of the sink was taken out, flying the aircraft onto the runway. This pattern usually carries through to a firm touchdown with a noticeable sink rate.

Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a smoothly reducing sink through the normal flare band, not a steady rate into the runway.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 11 stages, 9 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 19R at EDUD Reinheim Airfield, Average speed was 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 3 kt0 kt min to max 15 kt 0 15 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °1.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 1.0 1.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.1 °
Info Average g force 0.62 g0.00 g min to max 1.00 g 0.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Battery Master On 2 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 2 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Activated 2 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 2 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched Off 2 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched Off 2 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 2 ft agl
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Deactivated 2 ft agl
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Activated 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched Off 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched Off 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl · 4 kt
Departure Roll 94.32Departure roll runway 19R at EDUD Reinheim Airfield. Takeoff distance 446 m 62 % of runway. Rotation speed was 78 kt. Local weather - Temperature 10 °C. Wind 1 kt at 186 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 446 m62 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 78 ktTarget 68 kt
72 % Runway alignment max 11.37 m right0.00 m left to 11.37 m right -0.25 -11.37 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.12 g 1.00 1.12 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °0.7 ° min to max 6.8 ° 1.2 6.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.2 0.3 °
Departure Climb 1 98.42Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 19R EDUD Reinheim Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Heading variation 1.5 °1.5 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.5 1.5 °
100 % Average speed 86 kt82 kt min to max 88 kt 82 88 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 2.7 °0.4 ° min to max 2.7 ° 0.4 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.98 g min to max 1.22 g 1.14 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 662 fpm460 fpm min to max 804 fpm 460 804 fpm
Info Average altitude 16 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 38 ft agl 1 38 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.2 °7.0 ° min to max 10.0 ° 7.0 9.5 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 19R EDUD Reinheim Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 1.3 °0.9 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.5 0.9 °
100 % Average speed 91 kt89 kt min to max 94 kt 89 93 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 1.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.5 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.07 g 0.96 0.95 g
Info Average VSI 929 fpm812 fpm min to max 1,658 fpm 819 1,658 fpm
Info Average altitude 89 ft agl44 ft agl min to max 351 ft agl 44 351 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.0 °9.0 ° min to max 13.9 ° 9.2 13.4 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 59 ft agl · 90 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 19R EDUD Reinheim Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 95 kt93 kt min to max 96 ktTarget 89 kt, 6 kt fast 93 96 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 6.9 °0.1 ° min to max 6.9 ° 1.8 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.89 g min to max 1.01 g 0.91 0.99 g
100 % Landing gear up at 48 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 0.3 °0.1 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.8 0.3 °
Info Average VSI 1,450 fpm1,311 fpm min to max 1,642 fpm 1,620 1,341 fpm
Info Average altitude 528 ft agl379 ft agl min to max 657 ft agl 379 657 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.8 °10.9 ° min to max 13.0 ° 12.5 11.0 °
Enroute Climb 19.59Enroute climb started overhead Reinheim (Hessen, Germany). Climbing from 1,519 ft asl to 6,784 ft asl, an increase of 5,265 ft in 5 minutes and covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Average speed 86 kt52 kt min to max 158 kt 97 103 kt
0 % Steepest bank angle 149.5 °0.0 ° min to max 149.5 ° 2.0 50.8 °
96 % Average g force 1.07 g0.11 g min to max 3.17 g 0.99 1.39 g
Info Average VSI 889 fpm-10,947 fpm min to max 5,300 fpm 1,352 -977 fpm
Info Average altitude 4,292 ft asl1,519 ft asl min to max 6,824 ft asl 1,519 6,784 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 10.6 °-70.5 ° min to max 28.2 ° 11.0 -2.2 °
Info Turn coordination 13-32 min to max 127 13 -11

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 4,567 ft agl · 78 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 4,588 ft agl · 77 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 4,714 ft agl · 71 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 4,757 ft agl · 62 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 5,299 ft agl · 66 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 5,304 ft agl · 68 kt
Enroute Descent 57.80Enroute descent started overhead Gross-Bieberau (Hessen, Germany). Descent from 6,766 ft asl to 629 ft asl, a decrease of 6,138 ft in 3 minutes and covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 113 kt77 kt min to max 187 kt 105 77 kt
0 % Steepest bank angle 175.0 °0.5 ° min to max 175.0 ° 52.3 26.0 °
78 % Average g force 1.35 g0.05 g min to max 3.76 g 1.44 1.29 g
Info Average VSI -2,010 fpm-15,466 fpm min to max 1,955 fpm -1,187 -811 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,476 ft asl629 ft asl min to max 7,001 ft asl 6,766 629 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -6.3 °-70.3 ° min to max 11.3 ° -3.2 0.7 °
Info Turn coordination 7-127 min to max 127 -12 1

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 1,479 ft agl · 127 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 395 ft agl · 105 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 167 ft agl · 99 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 175 ft agl · 98 kt
Arrival Landing 91.75Approaching touchdown 1 mile north west of Brensbach (Hessen, Germany). Descent from 46 ft agl to 0 ft agl. A decrease of 46 ft in 3 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was well above target at 75 kt. Target 67 kt
85 % The flare mostly held the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 9.7° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 124 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
99.9 % Alignment max 3.60 m left3.60 m left to 0.02 m right -0.01 3.60 m
57 % Steepest bank angle 18.3 °0.1 ° min to max 18.3 ° 18.3 4.7 °
95 % Peak g force 1.33 g0.69 g min to max 1.33 g 1.06 1.33 g
Info Average speed 74 kt72 kt min to max 75 kt 75 72 kt
Info Average VSI -826 fpm-1,077 fpm min to max -531 fpm -545 -851 fpm
Info Average altitude 27 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 46 ft agl 46 1 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.0 °-5.5 ° min to max 5.5 ° -0.0 5.5 °
07515022501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225-12-10-8-6-4-2024681012Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 64.19Touchdown 1 mile north west of Brensbach (Hessen, Germany). Touchdown speed at 72 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was hard at -418 fpm. Touchdown distance was good at 124 m. Local weather - Temperature 10 °C. Wind 1 kt at 257 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 0 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Touchdown rate was -418 fpm.
100 % Speed at touchdown 72 ktTarget below 65 kt
98 % Alignment max 3.71 m left2.92 m left 3.60 1.12 m
61 % Steepest bank angle 5.1 °0.1 ° min to max 5.1 ° 4.7 1.7 °
70 % Peak g force 1.78 g0.75 g min to max 1.78 g 1.33 1.35 g
40 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 66 kt62 kt min to max 72 kt 72 62 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.3 °1.9 ° min to max 7.3 ° 5.5 3.5 °
Arrival Rollout 93.08Landing rollout 1 mile north west of Brensbach (Hessen, Germany). Altitude567 ft asl. Distance was 203 m.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
86 % Alignment max 7.08 m right0.00 m left to 7.08 m right -4.70 -7.08 m
95 % Average g force 0.98 g0.63 g min to max 1.80 g 1.15 0.64 g
Info Average speed 51 kt36 kt min to max 62 kt 62 36 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °-4.1 ° min to max 10.8 ° 3.8 0.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 2.3 ° 1.8 1.4 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 3 ft agl · 52 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 4 ft agl · 51 kt
Runway Exit Exiting rollout 1 mile north west of Brensbach (Hessen, Germany), Average speed was 21 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 20 kt8 kt min to max 35 kt 35 8 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-3.2 ° min to max 5.1 ° 1.1 0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 3.0 ° 1.0 0.7 °
Info Average g force 1.02 g0.59 g min to max 1.54 g 1.00 0.96 g

Takeoff from EDUD 19R

Taxi out

LightsOk
All on

The roll

Takeoff roll100.00
446m62 %
Runway alignment71.58
11.37m R
Rotation speed100.00
78kttarget 68, 10 late

Rotated late

The nose came up at 78 kt, 10 kt after the 68 kt rotate speed.

The pull started after the rotate speed had gone by. Bring the airspeed into the scan as it approaches the rotate speed, so the pull starts on the number rather than when you notice it has passed.

Liftoff and climb

Liftoff
81ktat 5.0°
Rotation
3.2°/sover 0.9 s, gaining 3 kt
35 ft
88ktat 9.7°, 4.3 s after liftoff
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Bank after liftoff100.00
2.7°steepest
Gear up100.00
48ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
95kttarget 89

Plan view the roll down the 721 m runway.

Rolled from 49 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 11 m at the widest, and lifted off 11 m right. Airborne 59 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

100200300400500600700THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 10.50 m RROLL 49 M INAirborne 431 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 431 m of 721 m · 60 %
Behind the start of the roll, 49 mTakeoff roll, 382 m Left ahead, 290 m

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 658 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 102 m of runway left; gear up at 48 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 870 fpm on average to 658 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 395 kt avgtarget 89THRESHOLDRUNWAY END3040506070KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLnose up on the runway · 37 m · 0.9 sRotate 78 kttarget 68Liftoff 81 ktGear up 48 ftfull marks to 400 ftSCALE CHANGES1.8 km past the runway
On the runwayNose up, wheels on the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 89120 kt8040020°10°0°nose up on the runway · 37 m · 0.9 sROTATELIFTOFFGEAR UPtarget 68held 10.4°5.0° off · 3.2°/s10° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganNose up, wheels on the runwayClimb attitude heldClimb 3

Landing and touchdown on BUSH XX

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
46ft
Threshold speed100.00
75kttarget 67, 8 fast
Centreline offset99.86
3.60m L
Bank57.14
18.3°steepest
Flare85.12

The flare mostly held the target profile

The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 9.7° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 124 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
124m
Centreline97.59
3.71m L
Speed100.00
71kttarget 65, 6 fast
Touchdown rate0.00
-493fpmfirst contact -418 fpm, then bounced
Impact69.71
1.78G
Bounces40.00
3
Bank61.34
5.1°as the wheels touched

Rollout

Rollout distance100.00
203m21 % used
Rollout alignment85.72
7.08m R

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 46 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 20 ft. Touched down 124 m in, 181 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

46 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 20 ft · −1,223 fpm · −3.9° · 74 ktdescent slowed at 0 ft · −441 fpm · 5.5°−418 fpm · 5.5° nose up · 72 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 46 ft, down at 124 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 1,220 fpm at the flare to 420 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 9.4° on the way down. Into the flare at 74 kt, 7 kt over the 67 kt approach speed, and 72 kt at touchdown.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−750−1,500−6°2°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−418 fpm at touchdown5.5° at touchdown, +9.4° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 1,524 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 3.7 m left at the widest. Calm: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° right of the track, 5.1° of bank.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 124 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 124 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.78 G arrival bounced 3 times.

Runway used 327 m of 1,524 m · 21 %
In the air over the runway, 124 mRollout, 203 m Left over, 1,197 m

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Commander 114 departed from runway 19R at EDUD Reinheim Airfield. Takeoff was performed using 446 m of runway, which represented 62 % of the available length. Rotation occurred at 78 kt. Local weather at departure was temperature 10 °C, wind 1 kt from 186°, with a cross-wind component of 0 kt and a head-wind component of 1 kt.

During the initial climb the aircraft reached 1,000 ft agl in 42 seconds, averaging 1,201 fpm and attaining 96 kt at the top of the segment. The climb continued from 1,519 ft asl to 6,784 ft asl over 5 minutes while covering 7 nm, beginning the segment overhead Reinheim.

Cruise was brief before descent began. The descent from 6,766 ft asl to 629 ft asl was completed in 3 minutes, covering another 7 nm and starting overhead Gross-Bieberau.

Approach and landing were conducted 1 mile north-west of Brensbach, Hessen, Germany. The final descent reduced altitude from 46 ft agl to 0 ft agl, a loss of 46 ft in 3 seconds. The flare was described as very good, with little round-out. Touchdown occurred at a speed of 72 kt, noted as a little fast, with a hard touchdown rate of minus 418 fpm. The touchdown point was 124 m down the runway, and three bounces were recorded. Local weather at landing was temperature 10 °C, wind 1 kt from 257°, with a cross-wind component of 1 kt and a head-wind component of 0 kt.

The rollout continued to an altitude of 567 ft asl and covered a distance of 203 m. The total flight distance was 15 nm, the flight time was 9 minutes, and fuel consumption was recorded as 0 kg.

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