The flight began with a taxiing period from the parking area to the runway, which took approximately 6 minutes and covered less than 1 nautical mile. The aircraft, a Cessna CJ4 Citation, then departed from runway 33 at KARR Aurora Municipal Airport. The takeoff distance was 2,495 feet, which accounted for 46% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 140 knots.
The local weather conditions at the time of departure were characterized by a temperature of 61°F and a wind speed of 2 knots from a direction of 270°. The crosswind component was 2 knots, while the headwind component was 1 knot. The aircraft began its enroute climb approximately 1 mile northwest of KARR Aurora Municipal Airport, Chicago/Aurora, Illinois, and ascended from an altitude of 1,757 feet above sea level to 30,003 feet above sea level, an increase of 28,247 feet, in 11 minutes and covering a distance of 53 nautical miles.
The enroute level cruise phase started 3 miles southeast of Wyanet, Illinois, and lasted for 58 minutes, covering a distance of 442 nautical miles. The aircraft then began its enroute descent approximately 2 miles south of Westport, Oklahoma, and descended from an altitude of 29,893 feet above sea level to 3,195 feet above sea level, a decrease of 26,698 feet, in 16 minutes and covering a distance of 83 nautical miles. The enroute level cruise phase resumed approximately 1 mile northwest of Mustang, Oklahoma, and lasted for 7 minutes, covering a distance of 8 nautical miles.
The final approach to runway 36 at KHSD Sundance Airpark was made from the south, with the aircraft heading 358.0° at a distance of 4 nautical miles and an altitude of 1,286 feet above ground level. The landing was made on runway 36, which had a length of 4,981 feet. The threshold height was good, but the threshold speed was too high at 111 knots. The touchdown point was 151 feet beyond the touchdown zone, and the touchdown speed was 105 knots, which was considered fast. The touchdown rate was firm at -358 feet per minute. The runway touchdown position was misaligned by 33 feet from the centerline.
The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 62°F and a wind speed of 2 knots from a direction of 270°. The crosswind component was 2 knots, while the headwind component was 0 knots. The total landing distance was 2,337 feet, which accounted for 47% of the runway. The runway rollout alignment was misaligned by 68 feet from the centerline.
The total flight distance was 593 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 99 minutes. The aircraft used 2,887 pounds of fuel during the flight.
Replay this flight in 3D — the full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 6 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Average speed 9 kt 0 kt min to max 13 kt |
0 | 9 kt | |
| 100 % |
Average speed turning corners 0 kt max 0 kt |
0 | 0 kt | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.00 g 0.99 g min to max 1.01 g |
1.00 | 1.00 g | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -2.2 ° -2.6 ° min to max -1.9 ° |
-2.0 | -2.2 ° | |
| Info |
Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° |
0.0 | 0.1 ° | |
| Info |
Battery Master On at 06:32:29 |
|||
| Info |
Engine 1 Started at 06:32:29 |
|||
| Info |
Beacon Lights Switched On at 06:32:29 |
|||
| Info |
Landing Lights Switched On at 06:32:29 |
|||
| Info |
Navigation Lights Switched On at 06:32:29 |
|||
| Info |
Strobe Lights Switched On at 06:32:29 |
|||
| Info |
Taxi Lights Switched On at 06:32:29 |
|||
| Info |
Landing Gear Down at 06:32:29 |
|||
| Info |
Parking Brake On at 06:32:29 |
|||
| Info |
Engine 2 Started at 06:33:00 |
|||
| Info |
Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated at 06:34:33 |
|||
| Info |
Autopilot Flight Director Activated at 06:34:33 |
|||
| Info |
Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated at 06:34:46 |
|||
| Info |
Parking Brake Off at 06:35:45 |
|||
| Info |
Flaps Position 1 at 06:36:03 |
Entering runway 33 at KARR Aurora Municipal Airport, Average speed was 21 kt.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| Info |
Average speed 20 kt 10 kt min to max 36 kt |
10 | 36 kt | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -2.1 ° -2.3 ° min to max -1.8 ° |
-2.3 | -2.2 ° | |
| Info |
Average bank angle 0.2 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° |
0.2 | 0.3 ° | |
| Info |
Average g force 1.00 g 0.99 g min to max 1.03 g |
1.00 | 1.03 g |
Departure roll runway 33 at KARR Aurora Municipal Airport. Takeoff distance 2,495 ft 46 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 140 kt. Local weather - Temperature 61 °F. Wind 2 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Takeoff distance 2,495 ft 46 % of runway |
|||
| 100 % |
Liftoff speed was 140 kt Target 130 kt |
|||
| 92.99 % |
Runway alignment max 16.3 ft 16.3 ft left to 0.0 ft left |
7.5 | 16.3 ft | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.02 g 0.96 g min to max 1.18 g |
1.03 | 1.18 g | |
| 100 % |
Takeoff Bounce |
|||
| Info |
Average pitch angle -1.8 ° -2.5 ° min to max 3.8 ° |
-2.2 | 3.8 ° | |
| Info |
Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° |
0.2 | 0.3 ° |
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 33 KARR Aurora Municipal Airport.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Heading variation -0.4 ° -0.5 ° min to max -0.3 ° |
-0.3 | -0.5 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 148 kt 140 kt min to max 155 kt |
140 | 155 kt | |
| 95.74 % |
Average bank angle 1.9 ° 0.3 ° min to max 3.6 ° |
0.3 | 3.4 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.17 g 1.00 g min to max 1.34 g |
1.21 | 1.14 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI 869 fpm 483 fpm min to max 1,205 fpm |
483 | 1,205 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 19 ft agl 0 ft agl min to max 52 ft agl |
0 | 52 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 6.0 ° 2.8 ° min to max 8.4 ° |
3.8 | 8.4 ° |
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 33 KARR Aurora Municipal Airport.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Heading variation -0.3 ° -0.5 ° min to max 0.3 ° |
-0.5 | 0.3 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 162 kt 155 kt min to max 191 kt |
155 | 191 kt | |
| 95.76 % |
Average bank angle 3.2 ° 0.1 ° min to max 3.6 ° |
3.4 | 0.1 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.07 g 0.72 g min to max 1.38 g |
1.14 | 1.38 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI 1,542 fpm 1,220 fpm min to max 2,293 fpm |
1,220 | 2,293 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 107 ft agl 53 ft agl min to max 320 ft agl |
53 | 320 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 8.9 ° 7.0 ° min to max 9.9 ° |
8.5 | 9.9 ° | |
| Info |
Flaps Fully Retracted at 06:39:35 |
|||
| Info |
Landing Gear Up at 06:39:36 |
|||
| Info |
Autopilot Master Switched On at 06:39:37 |
|||
| Info |
Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated at 06:39:37 |
Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 33 KARR Aurora Municipal Airport.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Heading variation 1.2 ° 0.6 ° min to max 2.0 ° |
0.6 | 2.0 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 236 kt 202 kt min to max 267 kt |
202 | 267 kt | |
| 87.95 % |
Average bank angle 4.5 ° 0.3 ° min to max 6.6 ° |
1.1 | 3.9 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 0.96 g 0.75 g min to max 1.01 g |
0.75 | 1.00 g | |
| 100 % |
Landing gear up |
|||
| Info |
Average VSI 2,697 fpm 2,615 fpm min to max 2,817 fpm |
2,817 | 2,729 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 707 ft agl 419 ft agl min to max 1,000 ft agl |
419 | 1,000 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 6.2 ° 5.2 ° min to max 7.2 ° |
7.2 | 5.2 ° | |
| Info |
Overspeed Warning Activated at 06:39:58 |
|||
| Info |
Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft at 06:39:57 |
Enroute climb started 1 mile north west of KARR Aurora Municipal Airport Chicago/Aurora (Illinois, United States). Climbing from 1,757 ft asl to 30,003 ft asl, an increase of 28,247 ft in 11 minutes and covering 53 nm.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Average speed 239 kt 217 kt min to max 268 kt |
268 | 267 kt | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 9.4 ° 0.0 ° min to max 33.1 ° |
3.0 | 0.4 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.03 g 0.95 g min to max 1.19 g |
0.99 | 1.01 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI 2,646 fpm -65 fpm min to max 2,989 fpm |
2,744 | -65 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 11,746 ft asl 1,757 ft asl min to max 30,006 ft asl |
1,757 | 30,003 ft asl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 5.2 ° -0.6 ° min to max 6.3 ° |
5.2 | -0.6 ° | |
| Info |
Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0 |
0 | 0 | |
| Info |
Overspeed Warning Deactivated at 06:40:04 |
|||
| Info |
Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated at 06:49:48 |
|||
| Info |
Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated at 06:49:48 |
|||
| Info |
Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft at 06:40:01 |
Enroute level cruise started 3 miles south east of Wyanet (Illinois, United States) and lasted 58 minutes, covering 442 nm.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Average altitude 29,998 ft asl 29,996 ft asl min to max 30,007 ft asl |
30,003 | 29,996 ft asl | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 292 kt 270 kt min to max 293 kt |
270 | 292 kt | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 0.3 ° 0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° |
0.1 | 0.3 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.00 g 0.96 g min to max 1.05 g |
1.03 | 1.00 g | |
| Info |
Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0 |
0 | 0 | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -0.7 ° -0.9 ° min to max -0.4 ° |
-0.4 | -0.7 ° | |
| Info |
Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated at 07:49:52 |
Enroute descent started 2 miles south of Westport (Oklahoma, United States). Descent from 29,893 ft asl to 3,195 ft asl, a decrease of 26,698 ft in 16 minutes and covering 83 nm.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 66.8 % |
Average speed 252 kt 219 kt min to max 301 kt |
294 | 219 kt | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 9.3 ° 0.0 ° min to max 31.7 ° |
0.3 | 16.5 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.03 g 0.88 g min to max 1.17 g |
0.92 | 1.04 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI -1,357 fpm -2,421 fpm min to max -8 fpm |
-1,624 | -8 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 11,243 ft asl 3,195 ft asl min to max 29,893 ft asl |
29,893 | 3,195 ft asl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -2.8 ° -3.9 ° min to max 0.1 ° |
-3.1 | -0.0 ° | |
| Info |
Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0 |
0 | 0 | |
| Info |
Overspeed Warning Activated at 07:50:05 |
|||
| Info |
Overspeed Warning Deactivated at 07:50:14 |
|||
| Info |
Overspeed Warning Activated at 08:02:08 |
|||
| Info |
Overspeed Warning Deactivated at 08:02:12 |
|||
| Info |
Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated at 08:05:09 |
|||
| Info |
Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft at 08:00:56 |
Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north west of Mustang (Oklahoma, United States) and lasted 7 minutes, covering 8 nm.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 99.63 % |
Average altitude 3,127 ft asl 2,452 ft asl min to max 3,204 ft asl |
3,195 | 2,452 ft asl | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 199 kt 153 kt min to max 218 kt |
218 | 154 kt | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 9.2 ° 0.0 ° min to max 25.8 ° |
15.3 | 0.3 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.03 g 0.86 g min to max 1.20 g |
1.00 | 1.00 g | |
| Info |
Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0 |
0 | 0 | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -0.4 ° -3.5 ° min to max 0.8 ° |
-0.1 | -3.1 ° | |
| Info |
Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated at 08:06:16 |
|||
| Info |
Autopilot Approach Mode Activated at 08:06:16 |
|||
| Info |
Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated at 08:11:11 |
|||
| Info |
Flaps Position 1 at 08:11:23 |
|||
| Info |
Landing Gear Down at 08:12:05 |
Approaching runway 36 at KHSD Sundance Airpark from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,286 ft agl to 991 ft agl. A decrease of 295 ft in 21 seconds.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Approach angle 3.0 ° 3.0 ° min to max 3.0 ° Target 3.0 ° |
3.0 | 3.0 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 156 kt 154 kt min to max 156 kt |
154 | 156 kt | |
| 100 % |
Heading variation 0.0 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° |
0.0 | 0.0 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 0.5 ° 0.2 ° min to max 0.9 ° |
0.4 | 0.5 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.00 g 0.98 g min to max 1.04 g |
0.99 | 1.04 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI -841 fpm -871 fpm min to max -815 fpm |
-821 | -840 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 1,143 ft agl 991 ft agl min to max 1,286 ft agl |
1,286 | 991 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -3.1 ° -3.3 ° min to max -2.9 ° |
-3.2 | -2.9 ° | |
| Info |
GPWS Warning Activated at 08:12:44 |
Approaching runway 36 at KHSD Sundance Airpark from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 978 ft agl to 685 ft agl. A decrease of 293 ft in 22 seconds.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Approach angle 3.0 ° 3.0 ° min to max 3.1 ° Target 3.0 ° |
3.0 | 3.1 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 155 kt 146 kt min to max 156 kt |
156 | 146 kt | |
| 100 % |
Heading variation 0.0 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° |
0.0 | 0.0 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 0.2 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° |
0.1 | 0.3 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 0.99 g 0.82 g min to max 1.08 g |
0.99 | 0.82 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI -802 fpm -934 fpm min to max -515 fpm |
-802 | -696 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 823 ft agl 685 ft agl min to max 978 ft agl |
978 | 685 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -3.3 ° -5.5 ° min to max -2.6 ° |
-3.0 | -5.5 ° | |
| Info |
GPWS Warning Deactivated at 08:12:57 |
|||
| Info |
Flaps Position 2 at 08:13:10 |
Approaching runway 36 at KHSD Sundance Airpark from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 671 ft agl to 379 ft agl. A decrease of 293 ft in 25 seconds.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Approach angle 3.2 ° 3.1 ° min to max 3.2 ° Target 3.0 ° |
3.1 | 3.2 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 128 kt 120 kt min to max 145 kt |
145 | 120 kt | |
| 100 % |
Heading variation -0.1 ° -0.1 ° min to max 0.0 ° |
0.0 | -0.1 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 0.7 ° 0.2 ° min to max 1.4 ° |
1.0 | 0.5 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.00 g 0.92 g min to max 1.15 g |
1.15 | 1.00 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI -680 fpm -764 fpm min to max -565 fpm |
-756 | -688 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 527 ft agl 379 ft agl min to max 671 ft agl |
671 | 379 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -3.4 ° -4.2 ° min to max -2.8 ° |
-3.8 | -2.8 ° |
Approaching runway 36 at KHSD Sundance Airpark from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 367 ft agl to 73 ft agl. A decrease of 294 ft in 24 seconds.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Approach angle 2.7 ° 2.3 ° min to max 3.2 ° Target 3.0 ° |
3.2 | 2.3 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 113 kt 111 kt min to max 119 kt |
119 | 111 kt | |
| 100 % |
Heading variation -0.0 ° -0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° |
-0.0 | -0.0 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 0.5 ° 0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° |
0.7 | 0.1 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.00 g 0.92 g min to max 1.08 g |
1.00 | 0.98 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI -688 fpm -762 fpm min to max -653 fpm |
-684 | -682 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 131 ft agl 73 ft agl min to max 367 ft agl |
367 | 73 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -2.1 ° -3.5 ° min to max -1.4 ° |
-2.8 | -1.4 ° |
Landing on runway 36 at KHSD Sundance Airpark, runway length 4,981 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was too high at 111 kt.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 86.94 % |
Threshold speed was too high at 111 kt. Target 92 kt |
|||
| 100 % |
Target 50 ft agl |
|||
| 85.63 % |
Landing and flare profile |
|||
| 100 % |
Heading variation -0.0 ° -0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° |
-0.0 | 0.0 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 0.5 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° |
0.1 | 0.1 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.03 g 0.84 g min to max 1.10 g |
1.00 | 0.84 g | |
| Info |
Average speed 108 kt 105 kt min to max 111 kt |
111 | 105 kt | |
| Info |
Average VSI -508 fpm -684 fpm min to max -348 fpm |
-683 | -358 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 13 ft agl -3 ft agl min to max 33 ft agl |
33 | -3 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -0.9 ° -3.9 ° min to max -0.2 ° |
-1.2 | -3.9 ° |
Touchdown point was 151 ft beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 105 kt was fast. Touchdown rate was firm at -358 fpm. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 33 ft from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 62 °F. Wind 2 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 90.43 % |
Touchdown VSI was -358 fpm. |
|||
| 100 % |
Touchdown distance was 907 ft Target 1,500 ft |
|||
| 87.59 % |
Speed at touchdown 105 kt Target below 91 kt |
|||
| 74.76 % |
Runway alignment max 32.7 ft 14.8 ft left |
2.1 | 32.7 ft | |
| 95.38 % |
Average bank angle 1.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 2.6 ° |
0.1 | 2.4 ° | |
| 85.43 % |
Average g force 1.04 g 0.48 g min to max 2.01 g |
0.84 | 1.09 g | |
| 60 % |
Landing Bounce |
|||
| Info |
Average speed 100 kt 93 kt min to max 105 kt |
105 | 93 kt | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -1.1 ° -4.1 ° min to max 4.5 ° |
-3.9 | -3.0 ° |
Total landing distance 2,337 ft, 47 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was misaligned by 68 ft from centreline.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Landing distance 2,337 ft 47 % of runway. |
|||
| 35.72 % |
Runway alignment max 104.9 ft 37.1 ft left to 67.8 ft right |
33.3 | -67.8 ft | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 0.99 g 0.95 g min to max 1.04 g |
1.04 | 1.00 g | |
| Info |
Average speed 81 kt 53 kt min to max 93 kt |
93 | 53 kt | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -2.4 ° -3.0 ° min to max -2.2 ° |
-2.9 | -2.5 ° | |
| Info |
Average bank angle 1.1 ° 0.4 ° min to max 3.0 ° |
2.7 | 0.7 ° | |
| Info |
Autopilot Master Switched Off at 08:14:21 |
Exiting runway, average speed 16 kt
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| Info |
Average speed 15 kt 7 kt min to max 45 kt |
45 | 7 kt | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -1.9 ° -2.9 ° min to max -1.0 ° |
-2.4 | -1.5 ° | |
| Info |
Average bank angle 0.4 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° |
0.8 | 0.7 ° | |
| Info |
Average g force 1.00 g 0.97 g min to max 1.01 g |
0.98 | 1.00 g | |
| Info |
Flaps Fully Retracted at 08:14:33 |
|||
| Info |
Engine 2 Stopped at 08:15:14 |
|||
| Info |
Engine 1 Stopped at 08:15:28 |
The Cessna CJ4 Citation aircraft successfully landed at KHSD Sundance Airpark, but with some areas for improvement. The final approach was conducted from the south, heading 358.0° at 4 nautical miles and 1,286 feet above ground level (agl). The aircraft touched down on runway 36, which has a length of 4,981 feet.
The threshold height was satisfactory, but the threshold speed was too high at 111 knots. This indicates that the pilot may have been able to flare the aircraft more effectively to reduce the touchdown speed. The touchdown point was 151 feet beyond the touchdown zone, which suggests that the pilot may have been able to make a more precise touchdown. The touchdown speed of 105 knots was also faster than ideal, resulting in a firm touchdown rate of -358 feet per minute (fpm).
In addition to the touchdown issues, the runway touchdown position was misaligned by 33 feet from the centreline. This may have been due to a slight deviation in the approach or a miscalculation of the aircraft's position. The local weather conditions were favorable, with a temperature of 62°F and a light wind of 2 knots at 270°.
The total landing distance was 2,337 feet, which is 47% of the runway length. This is a relatively short landing distance, but it could have been improved with a more precise touchdown and a slower touchdown speed. The runway rollout alignment was also misaligned by 68 feet from the centreline, which may have been due to the same factors that contributed to the initial touchdown position.
Overall, the landing was successful, but there are areas for improvement in terms of touchdown speed, touchdown position, and rollout alignment. With some adjustments to the approach and touchdown technique, the pilot may be able to achieve a more precise and efficient landing.
Drag to zoom · double-click to reset · hover for values