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EDPA
Neresheim, Germany
Runway 09L
Elevation1,913 ft asl
Weight1,280 kg
Fuel59 kg
Wind225° · 3 kn · 2 kn cross

Flight Score

94.95 %
ETSN
Neuburg an der Donau, Germany
Runway 27
Elevation1,243 ft asl
Weight1,254 kg
Fuel32 kg
Wind224° · 3 kn · 2 kn cross
4 Sep 2026 0:38 81 nm Commander 114 27 kg
Departure Score
91.36 %
Enroute Score
99.71 %
Arrival Score
93.77 %

What went well

Touched down at -129 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 385 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 21 ft and 73 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Departure Climb 3 — gear not retracted; Landing gear up at 0 ft agl at 0 %, −2.00 points
Arrival Approach — 500 ft gate 80 %, −1.33 points
Departure Climb 2 — Heading variation 0.0 ° at 79 %, bank angle up to 11.8 ° at 81 %, −0.68 points

Next time

Departure

Raise the gear lever promptly once a positive rate of climb is confirmed after liftoff.

What happened: The landing gear was never raised during the initial climb and was still down when the climb ended.

Watch for: Landing gear lever: UP promptly after confirming a positive rate of climb.

See Departure Climb 3

Arrival

Use small rudder inputs against a point at the far end of the runway to hold the centreline during rollout.

What happened: During the rollout the aircraft drifted 8.1 m off the centreline.

Watch for: Runway centreline marks: hold the aircraft tracking straight down the centreline through rollout

See Arrival Rollout

Make sure that you retract the landing gear once you have a positive rate of climb and there is no usable runway left to land back on.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 18 stages, 16 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 47 minutes and covered 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 6 kt0 kt min to max 26 kt 0 4 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 9 ktmax 19 kt 0 4 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.11 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °-0.1 ° min to max 3.4 ° 1.5 2.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 4.3 ° 0.1 0.1 °

Events

Info Navigation Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 2 ft agl
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 09L at EDPA Aalen Heidenheim Elchingen Airfield, Average speed was 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 2 kt0 kt min to max 13 kt 4 13 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °1.5 ° min to max 2.7 ° 2.4 2.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.99 g

Events

Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Roll 96.98Departure roll runway 09L at EDPA Aalen Heidenheim Elchingen Airfield. Takeoff distance 633 m 66 % of runway. Rotation speed was 82 kt. Local weather - Temperature 19 °C. Wind 3 kt at 224 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Tailwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 633 m66 % of runway
85 % Rotation speed was 82 ktTarget 68 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.45 m left1.45 m left to 0.89 m right -0.09 1.45 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.95 g min to max 1.13 g 0.99 1.13 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °0.1 ° min to max 7.2 ° 2.0 7.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.1 0.9 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 09L EDPA Aalen Heidenheim Elchingen Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.3 °
100 % Average speed 85 kt84 kt min to max 85 kt 84 85 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 2.0 °0.1 ° min to max 2.0 ° 1.0 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g0.93 g min to max 1.33 g 1.19 0.95 g
Info Average VSI 653 fpm389 fpm min to max 725 fpm 389 688 fpm
Info Average altitude 13 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 36 ft agl 0 36 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.2 °7.7 ° min to max 11.1 ° 7.7 9.6 °
Departure Climb 2 89.80Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 09L EDPA Aalen Heidenheim Elchingen Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
79 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.6 ° min to max 3.7 ° -0.3 3.7 °
100 % Average speed 86 kt84 kt min to max 90 kt 85 89 kt
81 % Steepest bank angle 11.8 °0.0 ° min to max 11.8 ° 0.9 11.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.91 g min to max 1.17 g 0.95 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 648 fpm437 fpm min to max 1,050 fpm 685 933 fpm
Info Average altitude 102 ft agl36 ft agl min to max 361 ft agl 36 361 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.7 °7.8 ° min to max 13.0 ° 9.6 10.9 °
Departure Climb 3 70.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 09L EDPA Aalen Heidenheim Elchingen Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 88 kt87 kt min to max 90 ktTarget 89 kt, 1 kt slow 89 90 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 12.2 °2.9 ° min to max 12.2 ° 10.4 8.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.95 g min to max 1.02 g 1.01 1.02 g
0 % Landing gear up at 0 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 3.3 °3.0 ° min to max 3.9 ° 3.5 3.9 °
Info Average VSI 765 fpm508 fpm min to max 980 fpm 952 546 fpm
Info Average altitude 471 ft agl377 ft agl min to max 552 ft agl 377 552 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.7 °8.2 ° min to max 11.4 ° 10.9 8.7 °

Events

Fail Gear Not Retracted
Enroute Climb 98.29Enroute climb started 1 mile north west of Neresheim (Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany). Climbing from 2,541 ft asl to 4,230 ft asl, an increase of 1,689 ft in 4 minutes and covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 105 kt90 kt min to max 150 kt 90 119 kt
96 % Steepest bank angle 42.0 °0.0 ° min to max 42.0 ° 7.5 1.6 °
99 % Average g force 1.03 g0.78 g min to max 1.79 g 0.94 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 378 fpm-1,899 fpm min to max 3,251 fpm 575 -212 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,014 ft asl2,541 ft asl min to max 4,230 ft asl 2,541 4,230 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 5.7 °-6.2 ° min to max 15.1 ° 7.3 0.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 1,047 ft agl · 110 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 1,483 ft agl · 126 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 1,483 ft agl · 126 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 1,475 ft agl · 127 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 1,475 ft agl · 127 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 1,330 ft agl · 151 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 1,320 ft agl · 153 kt
Enroute Descent 99.97Enroute descent started 2 miles south of Bopfingen (Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany). Descent from 4,173 ft asl to 3,692 ft asl, a decrease of 481 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 144 kt124 kt min to max 153 kt 130 150 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 23.9 °0.1 ° min to max 23.9 ° 5.0 0.3 °
99.7 % Average g force 0.98 g0.73 g min to max 1.40 g 0.85 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -851 fpm-2,072 fpm min to max 2,561 fpm -886 -414 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,829 ft asl3,684 ft asl min to max 4,173 ft asl 4,173 3,692 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.5 °-6.8 ° min to max 11.6 ° -3.5 -0.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 2,083 ft agl · 150 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 2,081 ft agl · 153 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 1,808 ft agl · 157 kt
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Forheim (Bavaria, Germany). Climbing from 3,686 ft asl to 5,008 ft asl, an increase of 1,323 ft in 3 minutes and covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 133 kt105 kt min to max 150 kt 150 130 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 26.4 °0.0 ° min to max 26.4 ° 0.3 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.94 g min to max 1.17 g 1.00 1.02 g
Info Average VSI 274 fpm-420 fpm min to max 792 fpm -407 22 fpm
Info Average altitude 4,026 ft asl3,638 ft asl min to max 5,011 ft asl 3,686 5,008 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °-0.7 ° min to max 6.9 ° -0.7 1.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,717 ft agl · 161 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,750 ft agl · 155 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 1,750 ft agl · 155 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 2,581 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 2,581 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 3,259 ft agl · 115 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 3,259 ft agl · 115 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Bissingen (Bavaria, Germany) and lasted 13 minutes, covering 33 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±751 ft of 5,005 ft asl4,884 ft asl min to max 5,010 ft asl 5,010 4,943 ft asl
100 % Average speed 136 kt131 kt min to max 143 kt 131 139 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 20.5 °0.0 ° min to max 20.5 ° 0.3 2.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.91 g min to max 1.08 g 0.99 0.91 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °-2.9 ° min to max 2.8 ° 1.4 -1.9 °

Events

Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 3,466 ft agl · 147 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 3,621 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 3,621 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 3,598 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Activated 3,598 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 3,598 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Deactivated 3,598 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 3,596 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Activated 3,596 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 3,584 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Deactivated 3,584 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 3,393 ft agl · 150 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 3,393 ft agl · 150 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 3,473 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 3,473 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 3,432 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 3,427 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 3,360 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 3,360 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 3,471 ft agl · 150 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 3,587 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 3,625 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 3,625 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 3,625 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Activated 3,625 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 3,698 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Deactivated 3,698 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 3,547 ft agl · 152 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 3,547 ft agl · 152 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 3,547 ft agl · 152 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles south of Karlskron (Bavaria, Germany). Descent from 4,782 ft asl to 2,327 ft asl, a decrease of 2,455 ft in 5 minutes and covering 12 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 134 kt119 kt min to max 152 kt 148 121 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 26.7 °0.0 ° min to max 26.7 ° 1.1 1.5 °
99.96 % Average g force 1.03 g0.78 g min to max 1.37 g 1.07 1.07 g
Info Average VSI -460 fpm-1,417 fpm min to max 795 fpm -836 -84 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,006 ft asl2,327 ft asl min to max 4,782 ft asl 4,782 2,327 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-4.5 ° min to max 5.2 ° -1.6 2.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,745 ft agl · 144 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,666 ft agl · 142 kt
Enroute Level 2 99.99Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north of Baar-Ebenhausen (Bavaria, Germany) and lasted 4 minutes, covering 9 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±616 ft of 1,881 ft asl1,386 ft asl min to max 2,496 ft asl 2,327 1,629 ft asl
100 % Average speed 120 kt96 kt min to max 141 kt 121 96 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 18.7 °0.0 ° min to max 18.7 ° 1.8 1.1 °
99.9 % Average g force 1.01 g0.61 g min to max 1.40 g 1.05 0.95 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °-1.7 ° min to max 10.2 ° 2.9 -1.3 °

Events

Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 1,201 ft agl · 111 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 1,201 ft agl · 111 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 203 ft agl · 131 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 539 ft agl · 116 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 559 ft agl · 112 kt
Arrival Approach 80.00Final approach to runway 27 at ETSN Neuburg Air Base. Descent from 588 ft agl to 97 ft agl in 85 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed
100 % Landing flappassed
100 % Sink ratepassed
100 % On glideslopepassed
0 % On speedfailed

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 539 ft agl · 116 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 559 ft agl · 112 kt
Arrival Landing 99.99Landing on runway 27 at ETSN Neuburg Air Base, runway length 2,501 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 74 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 74 kt. Target 73 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
100 % Perfect landing flare
99.9 % Runway alignment max 5.15 m left5.15 m left to 2.62 m left 5.15 2.62 m
100 % Steepest bank angle 2.0 °0.0 ° min to max 2.0 ° 1.0 0.2 °
100 % Peak g force 1.11 g0.93 g min to max 1.11 g 1.05 0.93 g
Info Average speed 67 kt58 kt min to max 74 kt 74 58 kt
Info Average VSI -172 fpm-492 fpm min to max -37 fpm -492 -100 fpm
Info Average altitude 0 ft agl-10 ft agl min to max 22 ft agl 22 -10 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.2 °4.4 ° min to max 9.2 ° 4.4 7.9 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 3 ft agl · 64 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 4 ft agl · 62 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 4 ft agl · 61 kt
07515022530037545001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450-15-12-9-6-303691215Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 100.00Touchdown distance was good at 384 m. Touchdown speed at 58 kt was good. Touchdown rate was smooth at -129 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 19 °C. Wind 3 kt at 225 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -129 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 385 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 58 ktTarget below 70 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.97 m left2.75 m left 2.62 2.97 m
100 % Steepest bank angle 1.2 °0.2 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.2 1.2 °
100 % Peak g force 1.15 g0.93 g min to max 1.15 g 0.93 1.04 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 58 kt58 kt min to max 58 kt 58 58 kt
Info Average pitch angle 8.0 °7.9 ° min to max 8.2 ° 7.9 8.2 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2 ft agl · 60 kt
Arrival Rollout 93.79Total landing distance 810 m, 32 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 8.1 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 810 m32 % of runway.
86 % Runway alignment max 8.10 m left8.10 m left to 0.00 m left 8.02 4.38 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.04 g 1.03 1.00 g
Info Average speed 52 kt30 kt min to max 58 kt 58 30 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °-1.3 ° min to max 8.6 ° 8.3 1.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.2 0.2 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 18 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 16 kt0 kt min to max 29 kt 29 10 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °0.1 ° min to max 13.3 ° 1.8 13.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.2 0.1 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.93 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 0.93 g

Events

Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl · 2 kt
Arrival Taxi 95.05Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 12 kt6 kt min to max 16 kt 13 6 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 13 ktmax 14 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.01 g 0.94 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °-1.0 ° min to max 12.6 ° 12.6 -1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.1 0.1 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights

Takeoff from EDPA 09L

Taxi out

LightsOk
All on
Taxi speed100.00
26kt peak9 kt in turns

The roll

Takeoff roll100.00
633m66 %
Runway alignment100.00
1.45m L
Rotation speed84.89
82kttarget 68, 14 late

Rotated late

The nose came up at 82 kt, 14 kt after the 68 kt rotate speed.

The pull started after the rotate speed had gone by. Bring the airspeed into the scan as it approaches the rotate speed, so the pull starts on the number rather than when you notice it has passed.

Liftoff and climb

Liftoff
83ktat 6.1°
Rotation
6.0°/sover 0.8 s, gaining 1 kt
35 ft
85ktat 9.6°, 4.4 s after liftoff
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Bank after liftoff100.00
2.0°steepest
Climb 3 speed100.00
88kttarget 89

Plan view the roll down the 956 m runway.

Rolled from the start of the runway, never more than 1.4 m off the centreline. Airborne 65 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

500THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 1.37 m LAirborne 627 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 627 m of 956 m · 66 %
Takeoff roll, 627 m Left ahead, 329 m

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 551 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 123 m of runway left; then climbing at 700 fpm on average to 551 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 388 kt avgtarget 89THRESHOLDRUNWAY END3040506070KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLnose up on the runway · 34 m · 0.8 sRotate 82 kttarget 68Liftoff 83 ktSCALE CHANGES1.9 km past the runway
On the runwayNose up, wheels on the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 89120 kt8040020°10°0°nose up on the runway · 34 m · 0.8 sROTATELIFTOFFtarget 68held 9.7°6.1° off · 6.0°/s10° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganNose up, wheels on the runwayClimb attitude heldClimb 3

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.

Five checks, one gate500 ft 80.004 of 5
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate410 fpm
On glideslope2.8°
On speed+31 kt

At the 500 ft gate: speed more than 22 kt above the approach speed of 73 kt.

Still turning onto final at the lower gate, so the centreline and wings level are not asked there - the aeroplane was not lined up yet, and was banked because it was turning. The other checks are marked as usual.

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 0.5 nm, about 220 ft above the runway, to the threshold, after the 500 ft gate. The last to settle was the speed.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to ETSN 27

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Low from 4 nm to 3.1 nm (up to 1,170 ft under), then back on it to the threshold.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND160365523341217500 ft gate4 of 5on speed510 ft · 104 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 2,611 m left of the centreline, then inside the band from 1.1 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND2611 m L1778 m L748 m L17 m L7 m L296 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 37 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 22 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Fast from 4 nm to 0.5 nm (up to +55 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

6080100120140 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 73+53 kt+42 kt+37 kt+24 kt+12 kt+1 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on ETSN 27

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
21ft
Threshold speed100.00
73kton target
Centreline offset99.85
5.15m L
Bank100.00
2.0°steepest
Flare100.00

Perfect landing flare

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
385m
Centreline100.00
2.97m L
Speed100.00
58kttarget 70 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-129fpm
Impact100.00
1.15G
BouncesOk
None
Bank100.00
1.2°as the wheels touched

Rollout

Rollout distance100.00
410m32 % used
Rollout alignment86.21
8.10m L

Taxi in

Lights50.50
Onlanding lights, 99% of the taxi
Taxi speed100.00
16kt peak13 kt in turns

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 21 ft, 29 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 21 ft. Touched down 385 m in, 80 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

21 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 21 ft · −397 fpm · 4.6° · 74 ktdescent slowed at 1 ft · −66 fpm · 8.3°−128 fpm · 7.9° nose up · 58 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 21 ft, down at 385 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 400 fpm at the flare to 130 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.4° on the way down. Into the flare at 74 kt, on the 73 kt approach speed, and 58 kt at touchdown.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−128 fpm at touchdown7.9° at touchdown, +3.4° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,501 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 3 m left of the centreline and drifted to 7.9 m left on the rollout. Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° left of the track, wings level.

Wind 224° at 3 kt · 2 kt head · 1 kt across

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 385 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 385 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 795 m of 2,501 m · 32 %
In the air over the runway, 385 mRollout, 410 m Left over, 1,706 m

The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.

From 59 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 20 s, an average deceleration of 0.08 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608030 kt · 444 mtouchdown462 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The aircraft taxied from the parking area to the runway for 47 minutes, covering a distance of 5 nm.

During the departure roll on runway 09L at EDPA Aalen Heidenheim Elchingen Airfield, the take-off run was 633 m, representing 66 % of the available runway, and liftoff was achieved at 84 kt. Ambient conditions were 19 °C with a wind of 3 kt from 224°, a cross-wind component of 2 kt and a tail-wind component of 2 kt.

The first en-route climb commenced 1 mile north-west of Neresheim, rising from 2,541 ft asl to 4,230 ft asl - a gain of 1,689 ft - over 4 minutes while covering 8 nm.

Subsequently, an en-route descent began 2 miles south of Bopfingen, descending from 4,173 ft asl to 3,692 ft asl - a loss of 481 ft - in 2 minutes and traversing 4 nm.

A second climb started overhead Forheim, increasing altitude from 3,686 ft asl to 5,008 ft asl, an ascent of 1,323 ft achieved in 3 minutes while covering 7 nm.

The aircraft then entered a level cruise segment overhead Bissingen, maintaining altitude for 13 minutes and covering 33 nm.

A further descent was initiated 2 miles south of Karlskron, dropping from 4,782 ft asl to 2,327 ft asl - a decrease of 2,455 ft - over 5 minutes and spanning 12 nm.

A short level cruise followed 1 mile north of Baar-Ebenhausen, lasting 4 minutes and covering 9 nm.

The final approach to runway 27 at ETSN Neuburg Air Base was flown from the east, on a heading of 271.0° at 1 nm and 375 ft agl.

Touchdown on runway 27 occurred at a speed of 58 kt, with a touchdown distance of 382 m and a touchdown rate of minus 100 fpm; the threshold speed was recorded at 74 kt and runway alignment was very good. Weather at the time was 19 °C with a wind of 3 kt from 225°, a cross-wind component of 2 kt and a head-wind component of 2 kt.

The total landing roll measured 810 m, equivalent to 32 % of the runway length, and the rollout alignment was offset by 8.4 m from the centreline.

After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in less than 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm.

In summary, the flight covered 80 nm, required 38 minutes of airborne time, and consumed 27 kg of fuel.

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