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CNF9
Canada
Runway 33
Elevation574 ft asl
Weight1,652 kg
Fuel578 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

86.22 %
KIAG
Niagara Falls, United States
Runway 10L
Elevation587 ft asl
Weight1,647 kg
Fuel573 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn
10 Mar 2024 0:12 12 nm Spirit Of St. Louis 5 kg
Departure Score
85.32 %
Enroute Score
99.84 %
Arrival Score
66.89 %

What went well

Touched down at -75 ft/m — a soft arrival
Airborne in 155 m — 11 % of the runway
Held the centreline on the roll — 1.28 m off at liftoff

What held you back

Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 36.13 m at 0 %, −3.75 points
Arrival Landing — Landing and flare profile at 0 %, −3.08 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 4.6 ° at 0 %, bank angle up to 18.1 ° at 59 %, −2.76 points
Arrival Touchdown — Touchdown distance was 1,081 m at 0 %, Runway alignment max 5.83 m at 90 %, −1.45 points

Top opportunity

Shorten the long landing

Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 15 stages, 14 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 60.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Average speed 49 kn0 kn min to max 50 kn 50 0 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 0.96 g0.96 g min to max 1.00 g 0.96 0.98 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 14.4 °12.7 ° min to max 14.5 ° 14.5 13.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.2 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.2 0.4 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 5 ft agl · 50 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 5 ft agl · 50 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 4 ft agl · 19 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 4 ft agl · 19 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 5 ft agl · 18 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 5 ft agl · 21 kt
Departure Roll 75.97Departure roll runway 33 at CNF9 Niagara South. Takeoff distance 1,210 m 88 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 37 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
46 % Takeoff distance 1,210 m88 % of runway
31 % Liftoff speed was 37 knTarget 60 kn
98 % Runway alignment max 3.79 m3.47 m left to 0.32 m right -0.32 1.28 m
100 % Average g force 0.93 g0.92 g min to max 0.97 g 0.97 0.93 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 12.9 °10.5 ° min to max 13.4 ° 13.0 13.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.1 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.4 0.4 °

Events

Fail Taxi Light ON should OFF
Departure Climb 1 96.96Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 33 CNF9 Niagara South.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Heading variation 1.2 °-0.4 ° min to max 1.6 ° -0.4 1.4 °
100 % Average speed 44 kn37 kn min to max 48 kn 37 48 kn
94 % Average bank angle 1.9 °0.0 ° min to max 4.3 ° 0.4 4.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.88 g min to max 1.06 g 0.93 0.94 g
Info Average VSI 400 ft/m293 ft/m min to max 444 ft/m 293 384 ft/m
Info Average altitude 18 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 43 ft agl 0 43 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 16.2 °13.2 ° min to max 18.6 ° 13.3 15.1 °

Events

Fail Stall Warning Activated 46 ft agl · 48 kt
Departure Climb 2 96.34Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 33 CNF9 Niagara South.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Heading variation 1.8 °-0.4 ° min to max 2.5 ° 1.4 -0.4 °
100 % Average speed 56 kn48 kn min to max 74 kn 48 73 kn
92 % Average bank angle 2.1 °0.0 ° min to max 5.2 ° 4.4 2.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.90 g min to max 1.07 g 0.94 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 437 ft/m350 ft/m min to max 938 ft/m 383 596 ft/m
Info Average altitude 97 ft agl43 ft agl min to max 388 ft agl 43 388 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.4 °6.7 ° min to max 15.5 ° 15.2 7.9 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Deactivated 71 ft agl · 53 kt
Info Bounce during liftoff 99 ft agl · 58 kt
Departure Climb 3 97.33Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 33 CNF9 Niagara South.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -2.1 °-3.4 ° min to max -0.6 ° -0.6 -1.3 °
100 % Average speed 74 kn65 kn min to max 80 kn 74 76 kn
87 % Average bank angle 3.9 °0.1 ° min to max 7.1 ° 0.5 6.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.82 g min to max 1.16 g 0.98 1.00 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 641 ft/m-150 ft/m min to max 1,459 ft/m 560 413 ft/m
Info Average altitude 664 ft agl397 ft agl min to max 922 ft agl 397 922 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.6 °2.3 ° min to max 18.6 ° 7.9 6.6 °
Enroute Climb 99.49Enroute climb started 1 mile north west of CNF9 Niagara South (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,507 ft asl to 2,901 ft asl, an increase of 1,394 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 76 kn70 kn min to max 85 kn 76 77 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.7 °0.1 ° min to max 18.8 ° 8.2 7.9 °
95 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.34 g 1.01 0.92 g
Info Average VSI 627 ft/m46 ft/m min to max 1,312 ft/m 421 383 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,155 ft asl1,507 ft asl min to max 2,901 ft asl 1,507 2,901 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.3 °1.1 ° min to max 12.6 ° 6.8 4.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south of Niagara Falls (New York, United States) and lasted less than 1 minute. , covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 2,979 ft asl2,903 ft asl min to max 3,061 ft asl 2,905 3,055 ft asl
100 % Average speed 81 kn78 kn min to max 84 kn 78 80 kn
100 % Average bank angle 10.8 °1.0 ° min to max 14.6 ° 8.9 10.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.07 g 0.97 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.6 °1.4 ° min to max 6.9 ° 3.3 2.1 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile south west of Niagara Falls (New York, United States). Descent from 3,051 ft asl to 1,396 ft asl, a decrease of 1,655 ft in 3 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 80 kn70 kn min to max 86 kn 80 70 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.0 °0.0 ° min to max 18.9 ° 9.1 4.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.91 g min to max 1.12 g 1.05 0.93 g
Info Average VSI -626 ft/m-1,180 ft/m min to max 184 ft/m -211 -282 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,134 ft asl1,392 ft asl min to max 3,051 ft asl 3,051 1,396 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.5 °-6.0 ° min to max 6.0 ° 1.1 1.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 99.89Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north east of Niagara Falls (New York, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,235 ft asl1,082 ft asl min to max 1,388 ft asl 1,388 1,106 ft asl
100 % Average speed 70 kn53 kn min to max 76 kn 70 70 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.2 °0.1 ° min to max 23.3 ° 4.4 4.2 °
99 % Average g force 1.01 g0.84 g min to max 1.27 g 0.95 0.95 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.6 °-3.1 ° min to max 15.9 ° 0.4 4.2 °
Arrival 100.00Arrival started 2 miles north east of Niagara Falls (New York, United States).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 73 kn70 kn min to max 76 kn 70 76 kn
100 % Average bank angle 10.2 °5.2 ° min to max 17.0 ° 5.2 17.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.93 g min to max 1.04 g 0.94 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -368 ft/m-584 ft/m min to max 36 ft/m 36 -584 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,078 ft asl1,039 ft asl min to max 1,106 ft asl 1,106 1,039 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-0.5 ° min to max 3.7 ° 3.7 0.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 66.89Approaching runway 10L at KIAG Niagara Falls Intl from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 433 ft agl to 85 ft agl. A decrease of 347 ft in 35 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 4.6 °4.2 ° min to max 5.3 °Target 3.0 ° 4.2 4.7 °
100 % Average speed 80 kn70 kn min to max 87 kn 77 80 kn
75 % Heading variation 0.2 °-0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.1 -0.0 °
59 % Average bank angle 2.4 °0.0 ° min to max 18.1 ° 18.1 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.90 g min to max 1.11 g 1.06 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -539 ft/m-1,134 ft/m min to max 113 ft/m -578 -448 ft/m
Info Average altitude 206 ft agl85 ft agl min to max 433 ft agl 433 85 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.0 °-4.9 ° min to max 5.4 ° -0.0 0.6 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-110-83-55-280285583110Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 63.09Landing on runway 10L at KIAG Niagara Falls Intl, runway length 2,773 m. Threshold height at 76 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed was good at 80 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 80 kn. Target 78 kn
54 % Target 50 ft agl
0 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.0 0.2 °
97 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 3.3 ° 0.9 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.85 g min to max 1.08 g 1.01 0.87 g
Info Average speed 63 kn54 kn min to max 80 kn 80 54 kn
Info Average VSI -150 ft/m-465 ft/m min to max 84 ft/m -447 -75 ft/m
Info Average altitude 16 ft agl-3 ft agl min to max 76 ft agl 76 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.0 °0.2 ° min to max 8.5 ° 0.6 4.0 °
07515022530037545052560067575082590001530456176Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750825900-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 82.59Touchdown point was 747 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 54 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was excellent at -75 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.8 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
97 % Touchdown VSI was -75 ft/m.
0 % Touchdown distance was 1,081 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 54 knTarget 53 kn
90 % Runway alignment max 5.83 m5.32 m left 5.83 4.90 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.2 0.0 °
95 % Average g force 1.01 g0.87 g min to max 1.33 g 0.87 1.00 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 52 kn50 kn min to max 54 kn 54 50 kn
Info Average pitch angle 7.7 °3.9 ° min to max 9.6 ° 4.0 8.0 °
Arrival Rollout 55.00Total landing distance 1,744 m, 63 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was significantly misaligned by 31.2 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,744 m63 % of runway.
0 % Runway alignment max 36.13 m4.93 m left to 31.20 m right 4.91 -31.20 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 0.98 g
Info Average speed 47 kn30 kn min to max 52 kn 52 30 kn
Info Average pitch angle 8.4 °7.1 ° min to max 13.2 ° 7.9 13.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 18 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 20 kn8 kn min to max 29 kn 29 8 kn
Info Average pitch angle 13.1 °13.1 ° min to max 13.2 ° 13.2 13.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.1 0.6 °
Info Average g force 0.98 g0.97 g min to max 0.99 g 0.98 0.99 g

Takeoff

100.00Takeoff roll155 m · 11 %
31.36Liftoff speed36 kt
98.48Runway alignment3.47 m L
OkBounce on takeoffNone
96.96Rate of climb399 ft/m

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

53.76Threshold height75 ft
100.00Threshold speed80 kt
100.00Centreline offset0.06 m L

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on KIAG 10L

Past threshold0.00
1,083m
Centreline89.87
4.90m L
Speed100.00
54kt
Sink rate97.36
-75ft/m
Impact95.43
1.33G
BouncesOk
None

Side view — the last 1,744 m of the approach.

75 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 75 ft, down at 1,083 m

Plan view — the first 1,744 m of the 2,773 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 503 M 1,083 m past threshold CLEARED

Touched down 1,083 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,622 m of 2,773 m · 58 %
Rollout distance100.00
539m58 % used
Rollout alignment0.00
31.20m R

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 33 at CNF9 Niagara South in the Spirit Of St. Louis
85.32 %
60 %
Taxi
Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
Taxi Lights
100 %
Switched On
Ground Speed kt
0 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
100 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
15 14 12
75.97 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 33 at CNF9 Niagara South. Takeoff distance 1,210 m 88 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 37 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 1,210 m using 88.38 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
31.36 %
Liftoff speed was 37 kn - Target 60 kn
Alignment
98.48 %
3.47 m left to 0.32 m right
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
40 20 0
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
14 12 10
02505007501,0001,250-10-50510 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
96.96 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 33 CNF9 Niagara South.
Alignment
93.78 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
50 40 30
Bank °
94.05 %
5 2.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
19 16 13
Climb Rate fpm
Info
500 200 -100
96.34 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 33 CNF9 Niagara South.
Alignment
93.75 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
80 60 40
Bank °
91.61 %
6 3 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
16 11 6
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,000 600 200
97.33 %
Climb 3
Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 33 CNF9 Niagara South.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
90 75 60
Bank °
86.66 %
8 4 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
19 11 2
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,500 650 -200
02505007501,0001,250063126189252315 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.250.50100200300400500600700800900 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.250.5-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 10L at KIAG Niagara Falls Intl in the Spirit Of St. Louis
Landing Score 66.89 %
66.89 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 10L at KIAG Niagara Falls Intl from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 433 ft agl to 85 ft agl. A decrease of 347 ft in 35 seconds.
Glideslope
0 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
75.2 %
Good heading alignment
Glideslope °
0 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
87 78 70
Alignment
75.2 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
59.23 %
19 9.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
113 -543 -1,200
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-110-83-55-280285583110 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
63.09 %
Landing
Landing on runway 10L at KIAG Niagara Falls Intl, runway length 2,773 m. Threshold height at 76 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed was good at 80 kn.
Height
53.76 %
Threshold height at 76 ft agl was well above target. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
100 %
Threshold speed was good at 80 kt. Target 78 kt
Flare
0 %
Very poor landing flare
Centreline ft
100 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
96.5 %
4 2 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
80 65 50
Pitch °
Info
9 4.5 0
Descent Rate fpm
Info
84 -208 -500
07515022530037545052560067575082590001530456176 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075150225300375450525600675750825900-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
82.59 %
Touchdown
Touchdown point was 747 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 54 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was excellent at -75 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.8 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
Touchdown
97.36 %
Touchdown rate was excellent at -89 ft/m.
Speed
100 %
Touchdown speed at 54 kt was a little fast. Target below 53 kn
Distance
0 %
Touchdown point was 747 m beyond the touchdown zone.
Alignment
89.87 %
Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.8 m from centreline.
Bank
100 %
Bank angle 0.5 °
G
95.43 %
G 1.01 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
55 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 1,744 m, 63 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was significantly misaligned by 31.2 m from centreline.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 1,744 m using 62.88 % of runway
Alignment
0 %
Runway rollout alignment was significantly misaligned by 31.2 m from centreline.
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
50 35 20
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
14 11 7
02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,600 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
Metrics
Metrics

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