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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Ease back pressure in smoothly as you approach 68 kt, holding a steady rotation rate rather than snatching the controls.
What happened: On the takeoff roll the aircraft bounced before becoming fully airborne.
Watch for: Attitude indicator: a smooth, continuous pitch-up through liftoff with no secondary bounce.
See Departure Roll
Arrival
Reduce power earlier on final so the speed settles to 73 kt before the gate.
What happened: The approach was 64 kt fast at the stabilisation gate, and carrying that extra speed over the threshold usually carries the touchdown long, which happened here by 52 m.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 73 kt at the threshold.
Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.
Read more in The Stabilised ApproachStart to finish · 12 stages, 10 in the score
Events
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 76 kt, 8 kt above the 68 kt target, and lifted off at 88 kt 3.8 s later, the nose coming up at 0.4° a second.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to 204 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 983 m of runway left; then climbing at 810 fpm on average to 204 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.
Plan view the roll down the 1,830 m runway.
Rolled from 59 m in, drifted 3.4 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 34 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.
One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.
At the 500 ft gate: sink rate more than 600 fpm beyond what the glideslope needed, glideslope more than 2° off the runway's 3°, centreline more than 1° off and speed more than 22 kt above the approach speed of 73 kt.
When the approach was stable
Never every check met at once: fast all the way, gear up until 2.4 nm, no landing flap until 2.3 nm, left of the centreline until 1.1 nm, high until 0.9 nm and sinking too fast until 0.5 nm.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
High from 3.8 nm, where the final began, to 0.9 nm (up to 1,220 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band from 3.8 nm, where the final began, to 3.3 nm, then drifted 162 m left between 3.3 and 1.1 nm, then inside the band from 1.1 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 37 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 22 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Fast from 3.8 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to +74 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Perfect landing flare
Little crosswind (2 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 4° right of the track, wings level.
Wind 225° at 3 kt · 1 kt tail · 2 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 75 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 22 s, an average deceleration of 0.11 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 34 ft, 16 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 18 ft. Touched down 509 m in, 204 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 450 fpm at the flare to 120 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.2° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,762 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 3.9 m left of the centreline and drifted to 8.9 m right on the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Touched down 509 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The aircraft departed KTTN Trenton Mercer Airport on runway 06, employing a takeoff run of 683 m which represented 37 % of the available runway. Liftoff was achieved at 88 kt. Ambient conditions were 21 °C with a wind from 225° at 3 kt, no cross-wind component and a 3 kt tailwind.
Climb commenced over Ewing, New Jersey, with the airplane ascending from 404 ft asl to 2,379 ft asl, a gain of 1,975 ft achieved in 2 minutes while covering 4 nm.
Level cruise began approximately 1 nm north of Yardley, Pennsylvania and was maintained for 25 minutes, during which 64 nm were flown.
The final approach to runway 13 at KABE Lehigh Valley International Airport was executed from the north-west, on a heading of 125.0° at 2 nm and 1,754 ft agl.
Landing on runway 13 was performed with a runway length of 1,762 m; the threshold speed was recorded at 92 kt. Touchdown occurred 73 m beyond the touchdown zone at a speed of 74 kt, with a vertical speed of minus 79 fpm. The touchdown point was offset 4.0 m from the centreline. Local weather reported 20 °C, wind from 225° at 3 kt, a 3 kt cross-wind and a 1 kt tailwind. Total landing distance measured 1,059 m, equivalent to 60 % of the runway.
Runway rollout alignment was noted to be slightly off centreline by 10.0 m.
Taxi-in to the parking area required less than 1 minute and covered less than 1 nm.
In total, the flight covered 71 nm, lasted 32 minutes and consumed 57 kg of fuel.
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