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EGPH
Edinburgh, Scotland
Runway 24
Elevation108 ft asl
Weight61,416 kg
Fuel7,477 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

94.26 %
LIRQ
Firenze (FI), Italy
Runway 05
Elevation125 ft asl
Weight58,362 kg
Fuel4,401 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
10 Nov 2026 2:33 1026 nm Airbus A320neo 3,076 kg
Departure Score
90.39 %
Enroute Score
97.64 %
Arrival Score
94.75 %

What went well

Touchdown 249 m in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 1.19 m off the centreline, no bounce
Rollout held the centreline — 0.89 m off at taxi speed

What held you back

Departure Climb 3 — climb speed 252 kt against 170 kt at 5 %, −3.20 points
Firm touchdown — 733 fpm, −1.57 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 733 fpm−1.33
  • Arrival Touchdown · 1.97 G at contact−0.13
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.11
Enroute Descent — 250 kt exceeded below 10,000 ft; speed limits at 66 %, −0.56 points

Next time

Departure

Reduce climb power to bring speed back to 170 kt and hold it there.

What happened: Climb speed was 82 kt fast at 252 kt during the climb.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 170 kt in the climb

See Departure Climb 3

Arrival

Wait for the normal flare band and the correct speed before raising the nose, rather than starting the flare at 94 ft.

What happened: The flare began at 94 ft, 49 ft above the normal band, and the touchdown followed at 733 fpm. Starting the flare this early usually carries through to a firmer arrival than a flare begun in the normal band.

Watch for: Radio altimeter: hold the flare start within the normal flare band

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 24 at EGPH Edinburgh Airport, Average speed was 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 0 kt0 kt min to max 0 kt 0 0 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-0.6 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.6 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Battery Master On 8 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 8 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 8 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 8 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 8 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 8 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 8 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 8 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 8 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Activated 8 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake On 8 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 8 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 24 at EGPH Edinburgh Airport. Takeoff distance 1,078 m 46 % of runway. Rotation speed was 139 kt. Local weather - Temperature 17 °C. Wind 1 kt at 269 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,078 m46 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 139 ktTarget 143 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.06 m left1.06 m left to 0.00 m left 0.77 0.90 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.90 g min to max 1.10 g 1.00 1.00 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-0.6 ° min to max 5.8 ° -0.4 5.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.3 0.2 °

Events

Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Deactivated 8 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 8 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 24 EGPH Edinburgh Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.0 -0.0 °
100 % Average speed 170 kt152 kt min to max 187 kt 152 187 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.97 g min to max 1.09 g 1.00 1.09 g
Info Average VSI 467 fpm147 fpm min to max 703 fpm 147 703 fpm
Info Average altitude 16 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 46 ft agl 0 46 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.5 °4.4 ° min to max 6.4 ° 5.8 5.5 °

Events

Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 58 ft agl · 188 kt
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 24 EGPH Edinburgh Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.0 -0.0 °
100 % Average speed 197 kt187 kt min to max 240 kt 187 240 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g0.78 g min to max 1.22 g 1.09 1.07 g
Info Average VSI 999 fpm391 fpm min to max 2,208 fpm 711 617 fpm
Info Average altitude 141 ft agl46 ft agl min to max 414 ft agl 46 414 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.7 °5.0 ° min to max 8.6 ° 5.6 5.5 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 206 ft agl · 198 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 206 ft agl · 198 kt
Departure Climb 3 61.56Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 24 EGPH Edinburgh Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
5 % Climb speed 252 kt245 kt min to max 255 ktTarget 170 kt, 82 kt fast 245 246 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.4 °
96 % Average g force 1.11 g0.88 g min to max 1.48 g 1.13 0.88 g
100 % Landing gear up at 133 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.0 -0.1 °
Info Average VSI 2,266 fpm806 fpm min to max 4,426 fpm 806 4,398 fpm
Info Average altitude 634 ft agl426 ft agl min to max 973 ft agl 426 973 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.8 °5.2 ° min to max 13.6 ° 6.3 11.5 °

Events

Info Autopilot AutoThrottle Arm Armed 612 ft agl · 255 kt
Info Autopilot Airspeed Hold Activated 633 ft agl · 255 kt
Enroute Climb 99.93Enroute climb started 1 mile east of Broxburn (West Lothian, Scotland). Climbing from 1,157 ft asl to 24,767 ft asl, an increase of 23,610 ft in 7 minutes and covering 40 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 275 kt243 kt min to max 314 kt 244 304 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 26.3 °0.0 ° min to max 26.3 ° 0.4 16.3 °
99 % Average g force 1.04 g0.53 g min to max 1.47 g 0.89 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 3,008 fpm468 fpm min to max 4,414 fpm 4,233 468 fpm
Info Average altitude 13,694 ft asl1,157 ft asl min to max 24,767 ft asl 1,157 24,767 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.4 °0.5 ° min to max 12.5 ° 11.5 0.9 °
Info Turn coordination -1-9 min to max 10 0 7
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 7 miles south west of Selkirk (The Scottish Borders, Scotland) and lasted 120 minutes, covering 879 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,739 ft of 24,992 ft asl24,774 ft asl min to max 25,016 ft asl 24,774 25,001 ft asl
100 % Average speed 303 kt293 kt min to max 305 kt 303 301 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 25.2 °0.0 ° min to max 25.2 ° 20.4 24.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.12 g 1.02 1.10 g
Info Turn coordination 0-5 min to max 6 6 -2
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °0.4 ° min to max 1.4 ° 1.1 1.0 °
Enroute Descent 99.96Enroute descent started overhead San Romano in Garfagnana (Toscana, Italy). Descent from 25,001 ft asl to 13,492 ft asl, a decrease of 11,508 ft in 5 minutes and covering 33 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 301 kt252 kt min to max 310 kt 301 252 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 25.2 °0.3 ° min to max 25.2 ° 24.9 0.9 °
99.6 % Average g force 1.04 g0.85 g min to max 1.38 g 1.10 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -1,186 fpm-3,991 fpm min to max 53 fpm 35 -811 fpm
Info Average altitude 21,314 ft asl13,492 ft asl min to max 25,022 ft asl 25,001 13,492 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.0 °-5.9 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 0.8 °
Info Turn coordination 0-4 min to max 4 -4 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south west of Quarrata (Toscana, Italy) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,168 ft of 13,129 ft asl13,068 ft asl min to max 13,358 ft asl 13,358 13,068 ft asl
100 % Average speed 251 kt250 kt min to max 254 kt 250 250 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 2.4 °0.1 ° min to max 2.4 ° 0.6 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °0.8 ° min to max 2.3 ° 0.9 2.3 °
Enroute Descent 2 86.45Enroute descent started 2 miles east of Montelupo Fiorentino (Toscana, Italy). Descent from 13,061 ft asl to 4,351 ft asl, a decrease of 8,710 ft in 5 minutes and covering 23 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
66 % Average speed 275 kt250 kt min to max 305 kt 251 255 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 27.0 °0.0 ° min to max 27.0 ° 0.1 21.2 °
99.6 % Average g force 1.06 g0.34 g min to max 1.27 g 1.00 1.07 g
Info Average VSI -2,203 fpm-4,602 fpm min to max 55 fpm -40 -272 fpm
Info Average altitude 8,605 ft asl4,351 ft asl min to max 13,061 ft asl 13,061 4,351 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.4 °-7.3 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.3 1.6 °
Info Turn coordination 1-9 min to max 25 0 5

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 9,457 ft agl
Enroute Climb 2 97.02Enroute climb started 3 miles south west of Montaione (Toscana, Italy). Climbing from 4,348 ft asl to 4,840 ft asl, an increase of 492 ft in 2 minutes and covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
93 % Average speed 251 kt246 kt min to max 257 kt 256 254 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 26.3 °0.8 ° min to max 26.3 ° 23.2 0.8 °
99.96 % Average g force 1.08 g0.78 g min to max 1.32 g 1.10 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,137 fpm-1,998 fpm min to max 2,177 fpm -250 -1,960 fpm
Info Average altitude 4,870 ft asl4,316 ft asl min to max 5,778 ft asl 4,348 4,840 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.9 °-2.1 ° min to max 8.1 ° 1.8 -2.1 °
Info Turn coordination 0-9 min to max 5 5 -2

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 4,347 ft agl
Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 5,498 ft agl
Info Autopilot AutoThrottle Arm Disarmed 4,119 ft agl · 264 kt
Enroute Descent 3 97.79Enroute descent started 2 miles north west of Castelfiorentino (Toscana, Italy). Descent from 4,508 ft asl to 1,680 ft asl, a decrease of 2,828 ft in 3 minutes and covering 14 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Average speed 243 kt204 kt min to max 257 kt 253 214 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 27.3 °0.0 ° min to max 27.3 ° 0.4 18.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.98 g min to max 1.19 g 1.00 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -539 fpm-1,993 fpm min to max 206 fpm -1,993 -174 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,023 ft asl1,680 ft asl min to max 4,508 ft asl 4,508 1,680 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-2.3 ° min to max 2.3 ° -2.0 -0.9 °
Info Turn coordination 3-2 min to max 16 -2 12

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 2,541 ft agl
Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 1,810 ft agl
Fail Overspeed Warning Activated 1,404 ft agl · 247 kt
Fail Overspeed Warning Activated 1,338 ft agl · 214 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,359 ft agl · 258 kt
Info Autopilot AutoThrottle Arm Armed 1,410 ft agl · 212 kt
Info Overspeed Warning Deactivated 1,410 ft agl · 212 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 1,448 ft agl · 210 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,338 ft agl · 214 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south west of Scandicci (Toscana, Italy) and lasted 5 minutes, covering 14 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±584 ft of 1,502 ft asl1,445 ft asl min to max 1,677 ft asl 1,677 1,453 ft asl
100 % Average speed 166 kt156 kt min to max 216 kt 216 159 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 27.6 °0.0 ° min to max 27.6 ° 18.4 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.88 g min to max 1.21 g 1.05 0.92 g
Info Turn coordination 1-9 min to max 17 13 -1
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °-1.0 ° min to max 5.5 ° -1.0 0.0 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 839 ft agl · 192 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 734 ft agl · 176 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 976 ft agl · 161 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 980 ft agl · 162 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 987 ft agl · 161 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 712 ft agl · 162 kt
Info Overspeed Warning Deactivated 1,354 ft agl · 206 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 1,232 ft agl · 200 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,122 ft agl · 201 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 635 ft agl · 175 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 902 ft agl · 175 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,058 ft agl · 173 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 1,058 ft agl · 173 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 1,001 ft agl · 161 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 908 ft agl · 162 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 1,019 ft agl · 162 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 724 ft agl · 162 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 05 at LIRQ Florence Airport, Peretola. Descent from 1,337 ft agl to 77 ft agl in 87 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 986 ft agl · 158 kt
Arrival Landing 95.68Landing on runway 05 at LIRQ Florence Airport, Peretola, runway length 1,457 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 152 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Threshold speed was slightly above target at 152 kt. Target 141 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
84 % The flare mostly held the target profile. The flare began at 94 ft agl above the runway, higher than this aircraft wants. Touchdown was 249 m past the threshold. Hold the aim point and let the runway come to you rather than anticipating the flare.
100 % Runway alignment max 1.23 m left1.23 m left to 1.05 m left 1.05 1.23 m
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.1 °
100 % Peak g force 1.07 g1.00 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 1.05 g
Info Average speed 150 kt149 kt min to max 152 kt 152 149 kt
Info Average VSI -905 fpm-988 fpm min to max -762 fpm -988 -762 fpm
Info Average altitude 23 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 49 ft agl 49 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °1.1 ° min to max 2.3 ° 1.1 2.3 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Approach 986 ft agl · 158 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated 48 ft agl · 151 kt
07515022530037545001223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450-18-15-12-9-6-30369121518Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 78.07Touchdown distance was good at 249 m. Touchdown speed at 149 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was very heavy at -733 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 18 °C. Wind 1 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Tailwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Touchdown rate was -733 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 249 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 149 ktTarget below 141 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.23 m left1.21 m left 1.23 1.19 m
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
61 % Peak g force 1.97 g1.05 g min to max 1.97 g 1.05 1.57 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 149 kt149 kt min to max 149 kt 149 149 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °1.7 ° min to max 2.3 ° 2.3 1.7 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Approach 986 ft agl · 158 kt
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 857 m, 59 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 857 m59 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 1.16 m left1.16 m left to 0.00 m left 1.16 0.89 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.10 g 1.10 0.96 g
Info Average speed 113 kt76 kt min to max 148 kt 148 76 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-0.2 ° min to max 2.3 ° 2.1 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.3 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 38 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 39 kt7 kt min to max 75 kt 75 12 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.7 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.2 0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.3 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 0.97 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 9 ft agl · 53 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 7 kt2 kt min to max 14 kt 13 4 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °

Takeoff from EGPH 24

Taxi out

LightsOk
All on

The roll

Takeoff roll100.00
1,078m46 %
Runway alignment100.00
1.06m L
Rotation speed100.00
139kttarget 143, 4 early

The nose wandered in the climb

From 35 ft to the end of the climb the nose moved between 4.7° and 13.6°, and the speed between 182 kt and 255 kt.

Once clear of the runway the nose moved through a wide range, and the speed moved with it. Set the climb attitude, hold it and trim, and give the speed a few seconds to settle before correcting it with a degree or two of pitch. Chasing the airspeed with large pitch changes makes it wander more.

Liftoff and climb

Liftoff
151ktat 5.8°
Rotation
2.5°/sover 2.2 s, gaining 12 kt
35 ft
182ktat 4.7°, 5.5 s after liftoff
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Bank after liftoff100.00
0.2°steepest
Gear up100.00
133ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed4.94
252kttarget 170

Plan view the roll down the 2,343 m runway.

Rolled from 110 m in, never more than 1.2 m off the centreline. Airborne 46 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,5002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 1.24 m LROLL 110 M INAirborne 1,082 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,082 m of 2,343 m · 46 %
Behind the start of the roll, 110 mTakeoff roll, 972 m Left ahead, 1,261 m

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 974 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 777 m of runway left; gear up at 133 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,370 fpm on average to 974 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3252 kt avgtarget 170THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLnose up on the runway · 168 m · 2.2 sRotate 139 kttarget 143Liftoff 151 ktGear up 133 ftfull marks to 400 ftSCALE CHANGES3.5 km past the runway
On the runwayNose up, wheels on the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 170270 kt18090020°10°0°nose up on the runway · 168 m · 2.2 sROTATELIFTOFFGEAR UPtarget 143held 6.7°5.8° off · 2.5°/s5° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganNose up, wheels on the runwayClimb attitude heldClimb 3

Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 35 ft, where the slope reads properly.

How to read this

The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 35 ft, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 2.0 to 3.0° a second, the middle half of rotation rates flown by other Airbus A320neo pilots over the last 180 days (154 takeoffs); the grey pair are 2 to 3° a second, the rates airliners are rotated at. A trace steeper than both green lines is a faster rotation than most, one shallower than both a slower one. The red dashed line is 11.7°, the pitch at which this aircraft's tail touches the runway with the wheels still on it, drawn from rotation to liftoff only: once the wheels leave, every foot climbed adds tail clearance.

20°10°0°2°/s2.0°/s3°/s3.0°/sTAIL STRIKE 11.7°ROTATELIFTOFF35 FT5.8° off · 2.5°/s5° at 35 ftROTATION DETAIL-2-10+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8 sseconds from rotation
PitchRotation began2.0 to 3.0°/s, other Airbus A320neo pilots2 to 3°/s from rotation, airlinersTail strikeNose up, wheels on the runway

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate880 fpm860 fpm
On glideslope3.1°3.3°
On centreline0.5° off0.3° off
On speed+17 kt+18 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to 0.7 nm, then not again: fast from 0.7 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LIRQ 05

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 40 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,3107283962351,000 ft gate7 of 71,081 ft · 158 kt500 ft gate7 of 7584 ft · 159 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 6× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 64 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR162 m L0162 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND64 m R19 m R6 m R2 m R41 m R13 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 35 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 0.7 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +16 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

140160180200 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 141+17 kt+18 kt+16 kt+15 kt+11 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LIRQ 05

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
49ft
Threshold speed98.84
151kttarget 141, 10 fast
Centreline offset100.00
1.23m L
Bank100.00
0.2°steepest
Flare83.88

The flare mostly held the target profile

The flare began at 94 ft agl above the runway, higher than this aircraft wants. Touchdown was 249 m past the threshold. Hold the aim point and let the runway come to you rather than anticipating the flare.

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
249m
Centreline100.00
1.23m L
Speed100.00
149kttarget 140, 9 fast
Touchdown rate0.00
-733fpm
Impact61.31
1.97G
BouncesOk
None
Bank100.00
0.1°as the wheels touched

Rollout

Rollout distance100.00
579m57 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
1.16m L

Taxi in

LightsOk
All set
Taxi speed100.00
14kt peak

Side view — the last 1,457 m of the approach.

Began the flare high, at 94 ft, 107 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 49 ft, close to the 50 ft target. Touched down 249 m in, 56 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,457 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

49 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare began at 94 ft, 107 m before the threshold−2,234 fpm · 0.9° · 153 ktdescent slowed at 21 ft · −771 fpm · 2.3°−733 fpm · 2.3° nose up · 149 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 49 ft, down at 249 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 2,230 fpm at the flare to 730 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.4° on the way down. Into the flare at 153 kt, 12 kt over the 141 kt approach speed, and 149 kt at touchdown.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−750−1,5000°5°10°descent slowedtouchdown−733 fpm at touchdown2.3° at touchdown, +1.4° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 1,457 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 1.2 m of it down the rollout. No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 270° at 1 kt · 1 kt tail · 0 kt across

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.

5001,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 249 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 249 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.97 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.

Runway used 828 m of 1,457 m · 57 %
In the air over the runway, 249 mRollout, 579 m Left over, 629 m

The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.

From 150 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 26 s, an average deceleration of 0.24 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012016060 kt · 687 m30 kt · 973 mtouchdown1,012 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Airbus A320neo departed from runway 24 at EGPH Edinburgh Airport. The take-off roll was 1,078 m, 46 % of the runway, and rotation occurred at 139 kt. Local weather was 17 °C with wind 1 kt from 269°, giving a 1 kt head-wind and 1 kt cross-wind.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 40 seconds, averaging 1,363 fpm and reaching 246 kt at the top of the segment. The aircraft then climbed from 1,157 ft asl to 24,767 ft asl in 7 minutes, covering 40 nm, beginning 1 mile east of Broxburn.

Cruise was maintained at 25,000 ft asl for 120 minutes, covering 879 nm, with the segment starting 7 miles south-west of Selkirk.

Descent began from 25,001 ft asl to 4,351 ft asl in 11 minutes, covering 64 nm, starting overhead San Romano in Garfagnana, with a brief level-off at 13,100 ft asl. A subsequent climb from 4,348 ft asl to 4,840 ft asl took 2 minutes over 7 nm, beginning 3 miles south-west of Montaione. The final descent from 4,508 ft asl to 1,453 ft asl lasted 8 minutes, covering 27 nm, starting 2 miles north-west of Castelfiorentino, with a brief level-off at 1,500 ft asl.

On final approach to runway 05 at LIRQ Florence Airport, Peretola, the aircraft descended from 1,337 ft agl to 77 ft agl in 87 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed and wings level. Configuration on final was flap position 2 at 1,338 ft agl with a speed of 214 kt.

Landing on runway 05 was on a good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 152 kt. The flare was described as very good and started early. Touchdown occurred 249 m down the runway at 149 kt, a little fast, with a very heavy rate of -733 fpm. Alignment on touchdown and rollout was perfect. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 857 m, 59 % of the 1,457 m runway, and rollout alignment remained perfect.

Taxiing from the runway to parking took 1 minute and covered less than 1 nm.

The flight covered a total of 1,026 nm in 153 minutes, using 3,076 kg of fuel. Local weather at Florence was 18 °C with wind 1 kt from 270°, giving a 1 kt cross-wind and 1 kt tail-wind.

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