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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Reduce climb power to bring speed back to 170 kt and hold it there.
What happened: Climb speed was 82 kt fast at 252 kt during the climb.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 170 kt in the climb
Arrival
Wait for the normal flare band and the correct speed before raising the nose, rather than starting the flare at 94 ft.
What happened: The flare began at 94 ft, 49 ft above the normal band, and the touchdown followed at 733 fpm. Starting the flare this early usually carries through to a firmer arrival than a flare begun in the normal band.
Watch for: Radio altimeter: hold the flare start within the normal flare band
There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.
Read more in Flare TimingStart to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score
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Taxi out
The roll
The nose wandered in the climb
From 35 ft to the end of the climb the nose moved between 4.7° and 13.6°, and the speed between 182 kt and 255 kt.
Once clear of the runway the nose moved through a wide range, and the speed moved with it. Set the climb attitude, hold it and trim, and give the speed a few seconds to settle before correcting it with a degree or two of pitch. Chasing the airspeed with large pitch changes makes it wander more.
Liftoff and climb
Plan view the roll down the 2,343 m runway.
Rolled from 110 m in, never more than 1.2 m off the centreline. Airborne 46 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 974 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.
Reached 35 ft with 777 m of runway left; gear up at 133 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,370 fpm on average to 974 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 35 ft, where the slope reads properly.
The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 35 ft, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 2.0 to 3.0° a second, the middle half of rotation rates flown by other Airbus A320neo pilots over the last 180 days (154 takeoffs); the grey pair are 2 to 3° a second, the rates airliners are rotated at. A trace steeper than both green lines is a faster rotation than most, one shallower than both a slower one. The red dashed line is 11.7°, the pitch at which this aircraft's tail touches the runway with the wheels still on it, drawn from rotation to liftoff only: once the wheels leave, every foot climbed adds tail clearance.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 4 nm to 0.7 nm, then not again: fast from 0.7 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 40 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 6× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 64 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 35 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 0.7 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +16 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
The flare mostly held the target profile
The flare began at 94 ft agl above the runway, higher than this aircraft wants. Touchdown was 249 m past the threshold. Hold the aim point and let the runway come to you rather than anticipating the flare.
Touchdown
Rollout
Taxi in
Side view — the last 1,457 m of the approach.
Began the flare high, at 94 ft, 107 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 49 ft, close to the 50 ft target. Touched down 249 m in, 56 m short of the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,457 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 2,230 fpm at the flare to 730 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.4° on the way down. Into the flare at 153 kt, 12 kt over the 141 kt approach speed, and 149 kt at touchdown.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the full 1,457 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 1.2 m of it down the rollout. No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.
Wind 270° at 1 kt · 1 kt tail · 0 kt across
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.
The 249 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.97 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.
The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.
From 150 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 26 s, an average deceleration of 0.24 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
The rest of the report
The Airbus A320neo departed from runway 24 at EGPH Edinburgh Airport. The take-off roll was 1,078 m, 46 % of the runway, and rotation occurred at 139 kt. Local weather was 17 °C with wind 1 kt from 269°, giving a 1 kt head-wind and 1 kt cross-wind.
Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 40 seconds, averaging 1,363 fpm and reaching 246 kt at the top of the segment. The aircraft then climbed from 1,157 ft asl to 24,767 ft asl in 7 minutes, covering 40 nm, beginning 1 mile east of Broxburn.
Cruise was maintained at 25,000 ft asl for 120 minutes, covering 879 nm, with the segment starting 7 miles south-west of Selkirk.
Descent began from 25,001 ft asl to 4,351 ft asl in 11 minutes, covering 64 nm, starting overhead San Romano in Garfagnana, with a brief level-off at 13,100 ft asl. A subsequent climb from 4,348 ft asl to 4,840 ft asl took 2 minutes over 7 nm, beginning 3 miles south-west of Montaione. The final descent from 4,508 ft asl to 1,453 ft asl lasted 8 minutes, covering 27 nm, starting 2 miles north-west of Castelfiorentino, with a brief level-off at 1,500 ft asl.
On final approach to runway 05 at LIRQ Florence Airport, Peretola, the aircraft descended from 1,337 ft agl to 77 ft agl in 87 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed and wings level. Configuration on final was flap position 2 at 1,338 ft agl with a speed of 214 kt.
Landing on runway 05 was on a good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 152 kt. The flare was described as very good and started early. Touchdown occurred 249 m down the runway at 149 kt, a little fast, with a very heavy rate of -733 fpm. Alignment on touchdown and rollout was perfect. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 857 m, 59 % of the 1,457 m runway, and rollout alignment remained perfect.
Taxiing from the runway to parking took 1 minute and covered less than 1 nm.
The flight covered a total of 1,026 nm in 153 minutes, using 3,076 kg of fuel. Local weather at Florence was 18 °C with wind 1 kt from 270°, giving a 1 kt cross-wind and 1 kt tail-wind.
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