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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Reduce climb power to bring speed back to 170 kt and hold it there.
What happened: Climb speed was 51 kt fast at 221 kt during the climb.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 170 kt in the climb
Arrival
Begin raising the nose earlier, by 11 ft, so the flare has time to arrest the sink before touchdown.
What happened: The flare began late at 1.1 ft, 10 ft below the normal band, and a late flare like this usually leaves too little time to arrest the sink before touchdown.
Watch for: Watch radio altitude and start the flare in the normal band, around 11 ft.
Trim is the hidden variable. In trim, the flare is a small refinement to an aircraft already in equilibrium, a couple of millimetres of stick. Out of trim, you're holding a constant force all the way down final, and the flare becomes a large, badly judged movement stacked on top of a load you're already carrying. A striking proportion of "I can't judge the flare" complaints are trim complaints wearing a disguise. If you're holding pressure at 500 feet, fix that before you practise anything else.
Read more in How to Land a Plane Smoothly in Microsoft Flight SimulatorStart to finish · 13 stages, 12 in the score
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Taxi out
The roll
Rotated early
The nose came up at 136 kt, 9 kt before the 145 kt rotate speed.
The rotate speed is set for the weight and the flap, and the nose should not start up before it. Lifting it early brings the aircraft to its liftoff attitude with less speed in hand, and on a long fuselage that is the tail-strike case. Keep the hands still until the speed is there, then make one smooth, continuous pull.
Liftoff and climb
Plan view the roll down the 3,984 m runway.
Rolled from 93 m in, never more than 1.2 m off the centreline. Airborne 30 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 1,011 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 2,323 m of runway left; gear up at 156 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,270 fpm on average to 1,011 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 35 ft, where the slope reads properly.
The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 35 ft, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 2.0 to 3.0° a second, the middle half of rotation rates flown by other Airbus A320neo pilots over the last 180 days (154 takeoffs); the grey pair are 2 to 3° a second, the rates airliners are rotated at. A trace steeper than both green lines is a faster rotation than most, one shallower than both a slower one. The red dashed line is 11.7°, the pitch at which this aircraft's tail touches the runway with the wheels still on it, drawn from rotation to liftoff only: once the wheels leave, every foot climbed adds tail clearance.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 4 nm to 0.6 nm, then not again: fast from 0.6 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 50 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 16× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band from 4 nm to 0.5 nm, then drifted 16 m left between 0.5 and 0.2 nm, then inside the band from 0.2 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 36 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 22 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 0.6 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +15 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
The flare strayed well off the target profile
The flare began at 1 ft agl above the runway, lower than this aircraft wants. Touchdown was 484 m past the threshold. Begin raising the nose earlier - a late flare leaves no time to arrest the sink.
Touchdown
Rollout
Taxi in
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 68 ft, 18 ft above the 50 ft target; began the flare late, at 1 ft. Touched down 484 m in, 179 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink stayed between 700 fpm and 710 fpm from the flare to the runway. The pitch barely changed. Into the flare at 146 kt, on the 144 kt approach speed, and 146 kt at touchdown.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,803 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 4.5 m right of the centreline, and steered back to 0.8 m left by the end of the rollout. No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.
Wind 270° at 1 kt · 1 kt tail · 0 kt across
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.
The 484 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.84 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.
The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.
From 147 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 19 s, an average deceleration of 0.33 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
The rest of the report
The Airbus A320neo departed from runway 26L at EDDM Munich Airport. The take-off roll was 1,212 m, 30 % of the runway, and rotation occurred at 136 kt. Local weather was 17 °C with a wind of 1 kt from 270°, giving a headwind component of 1 kt and no cross-wind.
Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 46 seconds, averaging 1,085 fpm and reaching 254 kt at the top. The aircraft then climbed from 2,482 ft asl to 24,673 ft asl in 7 minutes, covering 35 nm, beginning about 1 mile west of Hallbergmoos.
Cruise was level at 25,000 ft asl for 63 minutes, covering 460 nm, starting roughly 2 miles south-east of Irschenberg.
Descent began from 25,000 ft asl to 1,326 ft asl in 16 minutes, covering 85 nm, with the descent start about 4 miles south-west of Siniscola.
Final approach to runway 14 at LIEE Cagliari Elmas Airport started from 1,360 ft agl and descended to 93 ft agl in 88 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed and wings level. The landing gear was down at 1,734 ft agl at 263 kt; final flap position 3 was selected at 1,717 ft agl at 206 kt.
Landing on runway 14 (runway length 2,803 m) had a threshold height of 69 ft agl, which was above target, and a threshold speed of 152 kt, slightly above target. The flare was very poor, starting late. Touchdown occurred 69 m beyond the touchdown zone at a speed of 146 kt, a little fast, with a heavy rate of -698 fpm. The touchdown point was misaligned by 4.5 m from the centreline. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 1,106 m, 39 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was perfect.
Taxiing from the runway to the parking area took 1 minute and covered less than 1 nm.
The flight covered 588 nm in 90 minutes and used 1,820 kg of fuel. Local weather at Cagliari was 15 °C with a wind of 1 kt from 270°, giving a cross-wind component of 1 kt and a tailwind component of 1 kt.
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