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AYIP
Iropena, Papua New Guinea
Runway 36
Elevation5,075 ft asl
Weight2,417 kg
Fuel478 kg
Wind271° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

85.86 %
AYRM
Maramuni, Papua New Guinea
Runway 22
Elevation5,118 ft asl
Weight2,387 kg
Fuel441 kg
Wind271° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
17 Aug 2026 0:16 26 nm Kodiak 100 37 kg
Departure Score
96.00 %
Enroute Score
99.99 %
Arrival Score
61.58 %

What went well

Rollout controlled — 29 % of the runway used
Lifted off at 72 kt — on the 75 kt rotation target
Airborne in 258 m — 56 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was a little below target at 57 kt. at 0 %, Touched down 55 m short of the threshold, so it was never crossed in the air. at 0 %, −7.37 points
Arrival Touchdown — Touchdown rate was -843 fpm. at 0 %, g force 0.75 to 2.40 g at 34 %, −3.90 points
Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 11.47 m left at 69 %, −1.54 points

Next time

Departure

Use smooth, coordinated aileron inputs to keep the wings level during the climb.

What happened: Bank angle increased during the second climb stage, excessive for a wings-level climb.

Watch for: Watch the attitude indicator and keep bank angle near zero.

See Departure Climb 2

Arrival

Add power on short final to hold speed at 70 kt, correcting the slow threshold speed before it carries through to the flare.

What happened: Threshold speed was slow at 57 kt against 70 kt, and touchdown followed short of the aim point at 55 m. Crossing the threshold slow like this usually carries the touchdown short.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator against 70 kt on short final.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 13 stages, 11 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 11 kt0 kt min to max 18 kt 0 10 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 6 ktmax 15 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.97 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Average pitch angle 6.3 °-5.8 ° min to max 9.2 ° 1.5 -4.7 °
Info Average bank angle 2.6 °0.0 ° min to max 7.7 ° 7.2 4.1 °

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 5 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 36 at AYIP Iropena Airstrip, Average speed was 8 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 10 kt0 kt min to max 17 kt 11 7 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-6.6 ° min to max 8.7 ° -5.0 -5.9 °
Info Average bank angle 2.3 °0.0 ° min to max 7.6 ° 2.8 0.5 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.96 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 0.99 g

Events

Info Parking Brake On 5 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 5 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 36 at AYIP Iropena Airstrip. Takeoff distance 258 m 56 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 73 kt. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kt at 271 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 258 m56 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 73 ktTarget 75 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.24 m left2.24 m left to 0.00 m left 0.71 2.24 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.96 g min to max 1.13 g 0.99 1.13 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -5.6 °-6.3 ° min to max -1.8 ° -5.3 -1.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.5 1.1 °
Departure Climb 1 99.78Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 36 AYIP Iropena Airstrip.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.4 °-0.5 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.5 -0.4 °
100 % Average speed 77 kt73 kt min to max 81 kt 73 81 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.1 ° min to max 3.7 ° 1.2 3.7 °
98 % Average g force 1.18 g0.97 g min to max 1.32 g 1.16 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -308 fpm-688 fpm min to max -30 fpm -688 -30 fpm
Info Average altitude -12 ft agl-14 ft agl min to max -4 ft agl -4 -11 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °-1.5 ° min to max 3.9 ° -1.5 2.7 °
Departure Climb 2 84.20Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 36 AYIP Iropena Airstrip.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
87 % Heading variation -1.3 °-3.0 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.4 -3.0 °
100 % Average speed 87 kt81 kt min to max 93 kt 81 93 kt
50 % Average bank angle 13.3 °4.1 ° min to max 22.6 ° 4.1 22.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.96 g min to max 1.22 g 0.97 1.22 g
Info Average VSI -65 fpm-171 fpm min to max 9 fpm -23 -105 fpm
Info Average altitude -13 ft agl-18 ft agl min to max -11 ft agl -11 -18 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °0.8 ° min to max 3.7 ° 2.6 3.7 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 88 ft agl · 94 kt
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead AYIP Iropena Airstrip Iropena (Enga Province, Papua New Guinea). Climbing from 5,031 ft asl to 8,010 ft asl, an increase of 2,979 ft in 2 minutes and covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 111 kt95 kt min to max 150 kt 95 150 kt
100 % Average bank angle 14.9 °0.2 ° min to max 32.8 ° 25.6 0.2 °
99.95 % Average g force 1.04 g0.90 g min to max 1.35 g 1.18 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,522 fpm-50 fpm min to max 2,713 fpm 58 47 fpm
Info Average altitude 6,510 ft asl5,031 ft asl min to max 8,011 ft asl 5,031 8,010 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 9.9 °1.1 ° min to max 14.7 ° 4.4 1.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 367 ft agl · 116 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 967 ft agl · 131 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 916 ft agl · 131 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 1,831 ft agl · 120 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 1,984 ft agl · 118 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 2,048 ft agl · 122 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 2,806 ft agl · 119 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 2,893 ft agl · 118 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 2,906 ft agl · 119 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 3,817 ft agl · 119 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles west of AYIP Iropena Airstrip Iropena (Enga Province, Papua New Guinea) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±901 ft of 8,008 ft asl8,007 ft asl min to max 8,010 ft asl 8,010 8,010 ft asl
100 % Average speed 160 kt152 kt min to max 164 kt 152 164 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.2 °0.0 ° min to max 14.3 ° 0.2 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.95 g min to max 1.06 g 0.95 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °0.6 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.0 0.9 °

Events

Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 6,038 ft agl · 180 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 6,464 ft agl · 181 kt
Enroute Descent 99.96Enroute descent started 8 miles west of AYIP Iropena Airstrip Iropena (Enga Province, Papua New Guinea). Descent from 8,008 ft asl to 6,035 ft asl, a decrease of 1,973 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 160 kt148 kt min to max 172 kt 164 148 kt
100 % Average bank angle 5.0 °0.1 ° min to max 9.6 ° 6.5 8.1 °
99.6 % Average g force 1.00 g0.66 g min to max 1.17 g 0.99 1.17 g
Info Average VSI -706 fpm-1,561 fpm min to max 4 fpm 0 -1,116 fpm
Info Average altitude 7,490 ft asl6,035 ft asl min to max 8,008 ft asl 8,008 6,035 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.2 °-4.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.9 -1.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 3,918 ft agl · 188 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 3,918 ft agl · 188 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 3,886 ft agl · 166 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 3,886 ft agl · 166 kt
Enroute Level 2 99.99Enroute level cruise started 11 miles east of AYRM Maramuni Airport Maramuni (Enga Province, Papua New Guinea) and lasted 4 minutes, covering 10 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±801 ft of 5,918 ft asl5,524 ft asl min to max 6,023 ft asl 6,023 5,524 ft asl
100 % Average speed 150 kt128 kt min to max 166 kt 147 128 kt
100 % Average bank angle 9.3 °0.0 ° min to max 25.0 ° 14.2 2.5 °
99.9 % Average g force 1.03 g0.90 g min to max 1.48 g 1.13 1.07 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-4.4 ° min to max 2.6 ° -0.4 -0.5 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2,253 ft agl · 180 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 2,853 ft agl · 165 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,615 ft agl · 146 kt
Arrival Landing 33.71Landing on runway 22 at AYRM Maramuni Airport, runway length 477 m. Touched down 55 m short of the threshold, so it was never crossed in the air. Threshold speed was a little below target at 57 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was a little below target at 57 kt. Target 70 kt
0 % Touched down 55 m short of the threshold, so it was never crossed in the air.Target 26 ft agl
35 % The flare strayed well off the target profile. The flare began at 3 ft agl above the runway, lower than this type wants. Touchdown was 55 m short of the threshold. Begin raising the nose earlier - a late flare leaves no time to arrest the sink.
100 % Runway alignment max 1.10 m right0.74 m right to 1.10 m right -0.74 -1.10 m
99.8 % Average bank angle 2.1 °1.9 ° min to max 2.2 ° 1.9 2.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g1.03 g min to max 1.12 g 1.12 1.03 g
Info Average speed 53 kt50 kt min to max 57 kt 57 50 kt
Info Average VSI 42 fpm-75 fpm min to max 115 fpm -75 115 fpm
Info Average altitude -18 ft agl-20 ft agl min to max -16 ft agl -20 -16 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.5 °8.4 ° min to max 10.4 ° 8.4 10.4 °
07506.7514202734Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075-15-12-9-6-303691215Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 64.90Touchdown was 55 m short of the threshold. Touchdown speed at 50 kt was good. Touchdown rate was very heavy at -843 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kt at 271 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Touchdown rate was -843 fpm.
65 % Touched down 55 m short of the thresholdTarget 312 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 50 ktTarget below 68 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.77 m right1.81 m right -1.10 -2.15 m
50 % Average bank angle 3.6 °0.7 ° min to max 6.0 ° 2.1 6.0 °
34 % Average g force 1.01 g0.75 g min to max 2.40 g 1.03 1.19 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 42 kt38 kt min to max 50 kt 50 38 kt
Info Average pitch angle 11.3 °1.9 ° min to max 17.1 ° 10.4 2.0 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 5 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 5 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 5 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake On 5 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 7 ft agl · 42 kt
Arrival Rollout 86.14Total landing distance 237 m, 50 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 11.5 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 237 m50 % of runway.
69 % Runway alignment max 11.47 m left11.47 m left to 1.93 m right -1.93 10.90 m
99.6 % Average g force 1.02 g0.85 g min to max 1.33 g 1.15 0.99 g
Info Average speed 38 kt31 kt min to max 42 kt 42 31 kt
Info Average pitch angle 5.0 °2.5 ° min to max 6.0 ° 2.5 5.2 °
Info Average bank angle 1.3 °0.1 ° min to max 6.0 ° 6.0 0.1 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Deactivated 5 ft agl · 42 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 15 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 16 kt2 kt min to max 28 kt 28 2 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.9 °4.6 ° min to max 5.2 ° 5.1 4.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.0 0.9 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.01 1.00 g

Takeoff

OkTaxi lightsSet
100.00Takeoff roll258 m · 56 %
100.00Liftoff speed72 kt · target 75, 3 slow
100.00Runway alignment2.24 m L
OkBounce on takeoffNone

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

FailThresholdnot crossed - landed short
100.00Centreline offset1.10 m R
Flare 34.93The aircraft touched down before the threshold. Everything the flare is measured against - the profile, the crossing height, the aim point - is referenced to a threshold this landing never reached, so read the numbers below as what happened short of the runway, not on it. Landing short is the fault to fix before anything about the hold-off is worth judging.

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

The approach, gate by gate

Gate Height Centreline Speed
THR 9 ft 1.80 m R −29 kt

Touchdown on AYRM 22

Past threshold64.65
-55m
Centreline100.00
2.15m R
Speed100.00
50kttarget 68 or less
Touchdown rate0.00
-843fpm
Impact34.29
2.40G
Bounces80.00
1

Side view — the last 477 m of the approach.

-19 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — -19 ft, down at -55 m

Plan view — the full 477 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 343 M 55 m SHORT of the threshold CLEARED

Touched down 55 m short of the threshold. The 2.40 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.

Runway used 84 m of 477 m · 18 %
Rollout distance100.00
84m29 % used
Rollout alignment69.29
11.47m L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Kodiak 100 taxied from its parking position to runway 36 at AYIP Iropena Airstrip in 3 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.

During the departure roll on runway 36, the aircraft accelerated to a liftoff speed of 73 kt, using a takeoff distance of 258 m, which represented 56 % of the runway length. Ambient conditions were 15 °C with a wind of 1 kt from 271 °, a cross-wind component of 1 kt and no head-wind.

Climb commenced overhead the airstrip, with the airplane ascending from 5,031 ft asl to 8,010 ft asl, a gain of 2,979 ft achieved in 2 minutes while covering 5 nm.

The first level cruise began 3 miles west of AYIP and lasted 2 minutes, during which the aircraft travelled 5 nm at a steady altitude.

Descent started 8 miles west of the airstrip, with the aircraft descending from 8,008 ft asl to 6,035 ft asl, a loss of 1,973 ft in 2 minutes while covering 4 nm.

A second level cruise was initiated 11 miles east of AYRM Maramuni Airport, persisting for 4 minutes and encompassing 10 nm of flight.

The final approach to runway 22 at AYRM Maramuni Airport was executed from the north-east, on a heading of 217.0 ° at 2 nm and 352 ft agl. Weather remained 15 °C with a wind of 1 kt from 271 °, a cross-wind of 1 kt and a head-wind of 1 kt.

Touchdown occurred before the runway threshold at a speed of 50 kt and a vertical rate of 115 fpm, with alignment described as very good.

Landing roll measured 84 m, representing 18 % of the runway, and the rollout was offset by 11.5 m from the centreline.

In total, the flight covered 28 nm, required 16 minutes of elapsed time, and consumed 37 kg of fuel.

Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 36 at AYIP Iropena Airstrip in the Kodiak 100
96 %
100 %
Taxi
Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
Taxi Lights
100 %
Switched On
Ground Speed kt
100 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
100 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
8 4 0
Pitch °
Info
10 2.5 -5
100 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 36 at AYIP Iropena Airstrip. Takeoff distance 258 m 56 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 73 kt. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kt at 271 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 258 m using 56.38 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
100 %
Liftoff speed was 73 kn - Target 75 kn
Alignment
100 %
2.24 m left to 0.00 m left
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
80 40 0
Bank °
Info
2 1 0
Pitch °
Info
0 -3 -6
0250-505 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
99.78 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 36 AYIP Iropena Airstrip.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
90 80 70
Bank °
100 %
4 2 0
G
97.79 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
4 1.5 -1
Climb Rate fpm
Info
100 -450 -1,000
84.2 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 36 AYIP Iropena Airstrip.
Alignment
87.12 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
100 90 80
Bank °
49.69 %
23 14 4
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
4 2 0
Climb Rate fpm
Info
100 -50 -200
0250020406080100 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.010.020.040.050.0600.20.40.60.81 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.010.020.040.050.06-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 22 at AYRM Maramuni Airport in the Kodiak 100
Landing Score 61.58 %
Landing Summary

The Kodiak 100 entered the final approach to runway 22 at AYRM Maramuni Airport from the north-east on a heading of 217.0° at 2 NM and 352 ft AGL. At the 1,000 ft gate the approach was assessed as unstable, being off the glideslope and off the centreline, while the local weather was 15 °C with a wind of 1 kt from 271°, giving a 1 kt crosswind and a 1 kt headwind.

During the threshold and flare the aircraft achieved a touchdown speed of 50 kt, which was judged good, and a vertical rate of 115 fpm, described as perfect. Runway touchdown alignment was recorded as very good.

Touchdown occurred before the runway threshold. The touchdown speed of 50 kt remained good and the vertical rate of 115 fpm stayed perfect, with runway touchdown alignment remaining very good.

Rollout covered a total landing distance of 84 m, representing 18 % of the runway length. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned, being 11.5 m off the centreline.

Improve the approach to achieve a stabilized profile by the 1,000 ft gate, keeping both glideslope and centreline within limits, and focus on maintaining centreline alignment through the rollout to reduce the 11.5 m deviation.

33.71 %
Landing
Landing on runway 22 at AYRM Maramuni Airport, runway length 477 m. Touched down 55 m short of the threshold, so it was never crossed in the air. Threshold speed was a little below target at 57 kt.
Height
0 %
Touched down 55 m short of the threshold, so it was never crossed in the air. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
0 %
Threshold speed was a little below target at 57 kt. Target 70 kt
Flare
34.93 %
The flare strayed well off the target profile. The flare began at 3 ft agl above the runway, lower than this type wants. Touchdown was 55 m short of the threshold. Begin raising the nose earlier - a late flare leaves no time to arrest the sink.
Centreline ft
100 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
99.76 %
3 2 1
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
57 53 50
Pitch °
Info
11 9.5 8
Descent Rate fpm
Info
112 5.75 -100
07506.7514202734 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075-15-12-9-6-303691215 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
64.9 %
Touchdown
Touchdown was 55 m short of the threshold. Touchdown speed at 50 kt was good. Touchdown rate was very heavy at -843 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kt at 271 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
Touchdown
0 %
Touchdown rate was very heavy at -843 fpm.
Speed
100 %
Touchdown speed at 50 kt was good. Target below 68 kn
Distance
100 %
Touchdown was 55 m short of the threshold.
Alignment
100 %
Runway touchdown alignment was very good.
Bank
49.81 %
Bank angle 3.6 °
G
34.29 %
G 1.01 g
Bounce
80 %
Bounce Detected
86.14 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 237 m, 50 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 11.5 m from centreline.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 237 m using 49.68 % of runway
Alignment
69.29 %
Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 11.5 m from centreline.
G
99.6 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
38 29 20
Bank °
Info
6 3 0
Pitch °
Info
7 4.5 2
0265278104130 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
Metrics
Metrics

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