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EDFB
Reichelsheim, Germany
Runway 18
Elevation397 ft asl
Weight569 kg
Fuel50 kg
Wind201° · 9 kn · 4 kn cross

Flight Score

89.67 %
EDDF
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Runway 25L
Elevation338 ft asl
Weight565 kg
Fuel46 kg
Wind220° · 13 kn · 6 kn cross
26 Oct 2026 0:13 29 nm JMB VL-3 Sprint 4 kg
Departure Score
91.94 %
Enroute Score
99.94 %
Arrival Score
77.13 %

What went well

Touchdown 338 m in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 0.60 m off the centreline, no bounce
Rollout controlled — 14 % of the runway used

What held you back

Arrival Approach — 500 ft gate 71 %, −2.38 points
Departure Roll — Rotation speed was 72 kt at 19 %, −1.81 points
Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was excessively high at 77 kt at 22 %, −1.63 points

Next time

Departure

Start bringing the nose up as the speed reaches 50 kt, not after it.

What happened: You started the rotation at 72 kt, 22 kt past the 50 kt rotation speed.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 50 kt at rotation

See Departure Roll

Arrival

Reduce power earlier on the approach to bring the speed back to 54 kt before the stabilisation gate.

What happened: Carrying excess speed through the stabilisation gate usually rides all the way down to the runway, and this flight touched down at 67 kt, 22 kt above the 45 kt target.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator against 54 kt on approach and against 45 kt at touchdown.

See Arrival ApproachArrival Touchdown

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 11 stages, 9 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 18 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield, Average speed was 9 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 4 kt0 kt min to max 14 kt 0 14 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-0.5 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.5 -0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.01 g

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 3 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Activated 3 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 11 kt
Departure Roll 83.75Departure roll runway 18 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield. Takeoff distance 277 m 23 % of runway. Rotation speed was 72 kt. Local weather - Temperature 12 °C. Wind 9 kt at 201 °. Crosswind: 4 kt Headwind: 9 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 277 m23 % of runway
19 % Rotation speed was 72 ktTarget 50 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 3.40 m right0.00 m left to 3.40 m right -3.40 -0.96 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.14 g 1.00 1.14 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-0.8 ° min to max 3.9 ° -0.4 3.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.1 0.9 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 18 EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.5 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 -0.5 °
100 % Average speed 90 kt75 kt min to max 102 kt 75 102 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 2.6 ° 0.9 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.92 g min to max 1.16 g 1.16 1.07 g
Info Average VSI 392 fpm235 fpm min to max 650 fpm 235 650 fpm
Info Average altitude 9 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 31 ft agl 0 31 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °0.7 ° min to max 5.5 ° 3.9 5.5 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 16 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 29 ft agl · 99 kt
Departure Climb 2 92.06Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 18 EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
91 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.5 ° min to max 2.7 ° -0.5 2.7 °
100 % Average speed 109 kt101 kt min to max 129 kt 101 129 kt
77 % Average bank angle 3.8 °0.1 ° min to max 13.0 ° 0.4 13.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.86 g min to max 1.08 g 1.07 1.07 g
Info Average VSI 795 fpm658 fpm min to max 1,578 fpm 658 1,578 fpm
Info Average altitude 65 ft agl32 ft agl min to max 251 ft agl 32 251 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.8 °4.1 ° min to max 6.4 ° 5.4 6.2 °
Enroute Climb 99.99Enroute climb started overhead Florstadt (Hessen, Germany). Climbing from 555 ft asl to 1,669 ft asl, an increase of 1,114 ft in 1 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 148 kt127 kt min to max 162 kt 127 155 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.8 °0.0 ° min to max 13.7 ° 13.5 2.6 °
99.9 % Average g force 0.99 g0.67 g min to max 1.11 g 1.07 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 759 fpm-218 fpm min to max 2,050 fpm 1,697 357 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,321 ft asl555 ft asl min to max 1,669 ft asl 555 1,669 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °-2.0 ° min to max 9.4 ° 6.9 -0.2 °
Info Turn coordination -2-8 min to max 11 2 -2
Enroute Level 99.88Enroute level cruise started 1 mile west of EXGB Florstadt Airport Florstadt (Hessen, Germany) and lasted 10 minutes, covering 22 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99.6 % Altitude held within ±584 ft of 1,151 ft asl690 ft asl min to max 1,752 ft asl 1,679 791 ft asl
100 % Average speed 142 kt101 kt min to max 160 kt 156 108 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.8 °0.0 ° min to max 30.2 ° 2.3 3.5 °
99.99 % Average g force 1.01 g0.85 g min to max 1.33 g 0.97 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination -3-27 min to max 16 -4 1
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-5.2 ° min to max 2.8 ° -0.2 -3.1 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 710 ft agl · 116 kt
Arrival Approach 71.43Final approach to runway 25L at EDDF Frankfurt Airport. Descent from 587 ft agl to -86 ft agl in 104 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed
0 % Landing flapfailed
100 % Sink ratepassed
100 % On glideslopepassed
100 % On centrelinepassed
0 % On speedfailed
100 % Wings levelpassed
Arrival Landing 73.68Landing on runway 25L at EDDF Frankfurt Airport, runway length 3,986 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was excessively high at 77 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
22 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 77 kt. Target 54 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
73 % The flare wandered off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.2° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 338 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
100 % Runway alignment max 5.48 m right0.24 m left to 5.48 m right -5.48 -0.74 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.0 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.88 g min to max 1.07 g 0.96 0.97 g
Info Average speed 73 kt67 kt min to max 77 kt 77 67 kt
Info Average VSI -254 fpm-376 fpm min to max -64 fpm -64 -213 fpm
Info Average altitude 20 ft agl-2 ft agl min to max 41 ft agl 41 -2 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-0.8 ° min to max 1.9 ° 1.5 1.3 °
07515022530037545001123344557Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 73.03Touchdown distance was good at 338 m. Touchdown speed at 67 kt was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was fair at -254 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 13 °C. Wind 14 kt at 220 °. Crosswind: 7 kt Headwind: 12 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
61 % Touchdown rate was -254 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 338 mTarget 457 m
5 % Speed at touchdown 67 ktTarget below 45 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 0.78 m right0.72 m right -0.74 -0.60 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.6 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.6 1.6 °
94 % Average g force 1.08 g0.97 g min to max 1.36 g 0.97 1.11 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 68 kt67 kt min to max 68 kt 67 68 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.6 °1.2 ° min to max 2.3 ° 1.3 2.3 °
Arrival Rollout 90.36Total landing distance 573 m, 14 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 12.9 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 573 m14 % of runway.
79 % Runway alignment max 12.92 m left12.92 m left to 0.00 m left 11.22 12.05 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.10 g 1.10 0.98 g
Info Average speed 50 kt30 kt min to max 59 kt 59 30 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-2.2 ° min to max 3.4 ° 2.6 -2.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.9 °0.2 ° min to max 2.3 ° 1.7 0.6 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 16 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 10 kt0 kt min to max 29 kt 29 0 kt
Info Average pitch angle -1.5 °-2.1 ° min to max -0.6 ° -2.0 -0.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.4 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.4 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.98 g min to max 1.00 g 0.99 1.00 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 72 kt, 22 kt above the 50 kt target, and lifted off at 73 kt 0.9 s later, the nose coming up at 4.0° a second.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second.

150 kt10050020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 503.2° off · 4.0°/s5° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0102030 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation began

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 26 kt -0.4° 0 s
Rotate187 m · target 50 72 kt -0.4° 7.8 s
Liftoff217 m · +1 kt from rotation 73 kt 3.2° 8.7 s
35 ft689 m · 11.3 s after liftoff 101 kt 4.9° 20.0 s
End of the climb1,410 m · 251 ft 129 kt 6.2° 33.7 s

Takeoff from EDFB 18

Takeoff roll100.00
277m23 %
Rotation speed18.75
72kttarget 50, 22 fast
Liftoff speed
73kt
Runway alignment100.00
3.40m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
392fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 251 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 483 m of runway left; then climbing at 600 fpm on average to 251 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 72 kttarget 50Liftoff 73 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 1,224 m runway.

Rolled from 52 m in, drifted 3.7 m right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 21 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS3 kn75 %widest 3.66 m RROLL 52 M INAirborne 269 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 269 m of 1,224 m · 22 %
Behind the start of the roll, 52 mTakeoff roll, 217 m Left ahead, 955 m

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.

Seven checks, one gate500 ft 71.435 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate580 fpm
On glideslope2.8°
On centreline0.0° off
On speed+53 kt
Wings level1° bank

At the 500 ft gate: no landing flap set and speed more than 16 kt above the approach speed of 54 kt.

When the approach was stable

Never every check met at once: no landing flap all the way, fast all the way, right of the centreline from 0.3 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to EDDF 25L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 2.8 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 200 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND595285139500 ft gate5 of 7landing flapon speed509 ft · 107 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 621 m left of the centreline at 2.8 nm, then inside it from 2.3 to 0.3 nm, then 10 m right of it from 0.3 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND7 m L7 m R5 m R2 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 27 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 16 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Fast from 2.8 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to +62 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

406080100120 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 54+55 kt+48 kt+41 kt+24 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on EDDF 25L

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
41ft
Threshold speed21.76
77kttarget 54, 23 fast
Centreline offset100.00
5.48m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
338m
Centreline100.00
0.78m R
Speed5.44
67kttarget 45, 22 fast
Touchdown rate61.30
-254fpm
Impact93.71
1.36G
BouncesOk
None
The flare72.97

The flare wandered off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.2° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 338 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.

The crosswind

6 kt across from the left, which takes about 5° of crab to hold the centreline at 67 kt. Touched down with 4° of it still on, wings level.

Wind 220° at 13 kt · 11 kt head · 6 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 60 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 9 s, an average deceleration of 0.17 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608030 kt · 238 mtouchdown248 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 41 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 25 ft. Touched down 338 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

41 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 25 ft · −332 fpm · 0.8° · 75 ktdescent slowed at 5 ft · −133 fpm · 1.8°−254 fpm · 1.3° nose up · 67 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 41 ft, down at 338 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 330 fpm at the flare to 130 fpm at 5 ft, then back up to 250 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 0.6° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−1°4°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−254 fpm at touchdown1.3° at touchdown, +0.6° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,986 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline and drifted to 13 m left on the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 6 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 338 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 338 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 254 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 562 m of 3,986 m · 14 %
In the air over the runway, 338 mRollout, 223 m Left over, 3,424 m
Rollout distance100.00
223m14 % used
Rollout alignment78.57
12.92m L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The JMB VL-3 Sprint departed from runway 18 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield. Take-off distance was 277 m, 23 % of the runway, and rotation occurred at 72 kt. Local weather at departure was temperature 12 °C, wind 9 kt from 201°, with a 4 kt cross-wind and a 9 kt head-wind.

Initial climb to 400 ft agl took 24 seconds, averaging 627 fpm and reaching 129 kt at the top of the climb. The aircraft then climbed from 555 ft asl to 1,669 ft asl in 1 minute while covering 3 nm, passing overhead Florstadt.

Level flight was maintained at 1,200 ft asl for 10 minutes, covering 22 nm, beginning about 1 mile west of EXGB Florstadt Airport.

Descent for the final approach to runway 25L at EDDF Frankfurt Airport began at 587 ft agl and continued to -86 ft agl in 104 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, sink rate, glideslope, centreline and wings level; they were not met for landing flap and speed.

Landing was made on runway 25L, which is 3,986 m long. The threshold height was good and the threshold speed was 77 kt, noted as excessively high. The flare was described as a fair landing flare with little round-out. Touchdown occurred 338 m from the threshold at a speed of 67 kt, considered excessively fast, with a touchdown rate of minus 254 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect and there was no bounce.

Total landing distance was 573 m, 14 % of the runway. The rollout alignment was slightly off centreline by 12.9 m. Local weather at landing was temperature 13 °C, wind 14 kt from 220°, with a 7 kt cross-wind and a 12 kt head-wind.

The entire flight covered 29 nm, lasted 13 minutes and used 4 kg of fuel.

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