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EDFB
Reichelsheim, Germany
Runway 36
Elevation397 ft asl
Weight997 kg
Fuel76 kg
Wind7° · 8 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

94.18 %
EDFB
Reichelsheim, Germany
Runway 36
Elevation397 ft asl
Weight995 kg
Fuel74 kg
Wind7° · 8 kn · 1 kn cross
31 Oct 2026 0:06 10 nm Cessna Skyhawk 2 kg
Departure Score
96.05 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
86.49 %

What went well

Touched down at -15 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 417 m in — inside the full-score zone
Flare on profile — 100 %

What held you back

Arrival Approach — 500 ft gate 60 %, −3.33 points
Departure Climb 2 — Heading variation -2.7 ° at 50 %, −1.05 points
Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was too high at 86 kt at 58 %, −0.90 points

Next time

Departure

Center the rudder and wings to stop the heading deviation at -0.9° as soon as it begins.

What happened: Heading wandered off during the initial climb and the drift was still present through the second climb segment, which usually keeps the runway track unrestored.

Watch for: Heading indicator, holding runway track within a few degrees

See Departure Climb 1Departure Climb 2

Arrival

Reduce power earlier on final to bring the speed back to 66 kt well before the gate.

What happened: This flight was 22 kt fast at the stabilisation gate, and excess speed like this usually rides down the approach to cross the threshold still fast, as it did here at 86 kt against 66 kt.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 66 kt at the gate, 66 kt at the threshold

See Arrival ApproachArrival Landing

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 12 stages, 10 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 36 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield, Average speed was 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 1 kt0 kt min to max 5 kt 0 5 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 3 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Activated 3 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 9 kt
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 36 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield. Takeoff distance 363 m 28 % of runway. Rotation speed was 52 kt. Local weather - Temperature 9 °C. Wind 8 kt at 7 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 8 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 363 m28 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 52 ktTarget 56 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.71 m left2.71 m left to 0.00 m left 2.70 2.58 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.01 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °-0.4 ° min to max 6.3 ° -0.1 5.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.3 1.1 °
Departure Climb 1 98.03Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 36 EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
92 % Heading variation -0.9 °-1.7 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.4 -1.7 °
100 % Average speed 75 kt64 kt min to max 84 kt 64 84 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 2.7 ° 1.1 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.92 g min to max 1.10 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 372 fpm342 fpm min to max 448 fpm 342 448 fpm
Info Average altitude 14 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 37 ft agl 0 37 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.5 °4.5 ° min to max 7.8 ° 5.3 6.7 °
Departure Climb 2 87.44Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 36 EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
50 % Heading variation -2.7 °-6.0 ° min to max -1.7 ° -1.7 -6.0 °
100 % Average speed 88 kt84 kt min to max 100 kt 84 100 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.1 ° min to max 3.9 ° 0.6 3.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.92 g min to max 1.06 g 1.01 1.02 g
Info Average VSI 589 fpm451 fpm min to max 915 fpm 451 911 fpm
Info Average altitude 95 ft agl37 ft agl min to max 369 ft agl 37 369 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.0 °5.3 ° min to max 8.5 ° 6.7 5.9 °
Departure Climb 3 98.74Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 36 EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
97 % Climb speed 97 kt95 kt min to max 99 ktTarget 83 kt, 14 kt fast 99 96 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.2 °4.6 ° min to max 9.0 ° 4.6 9.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.95 g min to max 1.01 g 0.97 0.97 g
100 % Landing gear fixed
Info Heading variation -6.8 °-7.7 ° min to max -6.3 ° -6.3 -7.7 °
Info Average VSI 822 fpm577 fpm min to max 962 fpm 947 577 fpm
Info Average altitude 444 ft agl385 ft agl min to max 497 ft agl 385 497 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.2 °3.6 ° min to max 6.4 ° 6.3 3.6 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Reichelsheim (Hessen, Germany). Climbing from 433 ft asl to 695 ft asl, an increase of 262 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 103 kt98 kt min to max 108 kt 98 100 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.6 °0.0 ° min to max 35.2 ° 9.3 0.0 °
99.96 % Average g force 1.04 g0.95 g min to max 1.32 g 1.00 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 202 fpm-396 fpm min to max 521 fpm 516 419 fpm
Info Average altitude 594 ft asl433 ft asl min to max 695 ft asl 433 695 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °-0.9 ° min to max 4.5 ° 3.2 3.3 °
Info Turn coordination 0-37 min to max 33 12 5
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile west of Reichelsheim (Hessen, Germany) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±535 ft of 622 ft asl362 ft asl min to max 744 ft asl 702 362 ft asl
100 % Average speed 98 kt83 kt min to max 110 kt 100 92 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.6 °0.1 ° min to max 34.2 ° 0.6 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.81 g min to max 1.27 g 0.97 0.96 g
Info Turn coordination -2-32 min to max 38 12 -8
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °-2.9 ° min to max 5.1 ° 3.0 -1.7 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 432 ft agl · 97 kt
Arrival Approach 60.00Final approach to runway 36 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield. Descent from 164 ft agl to -432 ft agl in 69 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed
0 % Landing flapfailed
100 % Sink ratepassed
100 % On glideslopepassed
0 % On speedfailed

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 432 ft agl · 97 kt
Arrival Landing 89.26Landing on runway 36 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield, runway length 1,293 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was too high at 86 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
58 % Threshold speed was too high at 86 kt. Target 66 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
100 % Perfect landing flare
98 % Runway alignment max 5.16 m left5.16 m left to 2.28 m left 2.34 5.16 m
99.5 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 2.3 ° 0.4 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.95 g min to max 1.10 g 1.03 1.02 g
Info Average speed 78 kt70 kt min to max 87 kt 86 70 kt
Info Average VSI -225 fpm-646 fpm min to max -32 fpm -646 -32 fpm
Info Average altitude 2 ft agl-8 ft agl min to max 28 ft agl 28 -8 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °-1.8 ° min to max 3.4 ° -1.8 3.2 °
07515022530037545001223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450-15-12-9-6-303691215Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 98.89Touchdown distance was good at 417 m. Touchdown speed at 70 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was perfect at -15 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.3 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 9 °C. Wind 7 kt at 7 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 7 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -15 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 417 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 70 ktTarget below 66 kt
93 % Runway alignment max 5.30 m left5.24 m left 5.16 5.29 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.2 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.7 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g1.00 g min to max 1.02 g 1.02 1.01 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 69 kt68 kt min to max 70 kt 70 69 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.0 °2.9 ° min to max 3.2 ° 3.2 2.9 °
Arrival Rollout 97.80Total landing distance 775 m, 60 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 775 m60 % of runway.
95 % Runway alignment max 4.88 m left4.88 m left to 0.00 m left 2.05 2.55 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.04 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Average speed 54 kt34 kt min to max 66 kt 66 34 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-0.4 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.9 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.9 0.1 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 24 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 25 kt0 kt min to max 33 kt 33 0 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-1.0 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.4 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 1.00 g

Events

Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 7 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 52 kt, 4 kt below the 56 kt target, and lifted off at 63 kt 3.6 s later, the nose coming up at 1.7° a second. Climb 3 averaged 97 kt, 14 kt over its 83 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 83120 kt8040020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 566.3° off · 1.7°/s7° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 1 kt -0.1° 0 s
Rotate210 m · target 56 52 kt 0.3° 15.5 s
Liftoff316 m · +11 kt from rotation 63 kt 6.3° 19.1 s
35 ft661 m · 9.2 s after liftoff 84 kt 6.7° 28.3 s
Climb 32,068 m · 385 ft to 497 ft · target 83 97 kt avg 6.3° 59.9 s
End of Climb 32,436 m · 497 ft 96 kt 3.7° 68 s

Takeoff from EDFB 36

Takeoff roll100.00
363m28 %
Rotation speed100.00
52kttarget 56, 4 slow
Liftoff speed
63kt
Runway alignment100.00
2.71m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Climb 3 speed96.85
97kttarget 83
Rate of climb98.03
372fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 497 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 597 m of runway left; then climbing at 610 fpm on average to 497 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

500 ft250 ft0CLIMB 397 kt avgtarget 83THRESHOLDRUNWAY END3040KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 52 kttarget 56Liftoff 63 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 1,293 m runway.

Rolled from 35 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 2.9 m at the widest, and lifted off 2.5 m left. Airborne 27 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 2.88 m LROLL 35 M INAirborne 351 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 351 m of 1,293 m · 27 %
Behind the start of the roll, 35 mTakeoff roll, 316 m Left ahead, 942 m

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.

Five checks, one gate500 ft 60.003 of 5
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate930 fpm
On glideslope3.3°
On speed+22 kt

At the 500 ft gate: no landing flap set and speed more than 20 kt above the approach speed of 66 kt.

Still turning onto final at the lower gate, so the centreline and wings level are not asked there - the aeroplane was not lined up yet, and was banked because it was turning. The other checks are marked as usual.

When the approach was stable

Never every check met at once: fast all the way, no landing flap until 1.1 nm and left of the centreline until 0.9 nm.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Landing flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to EDFB 36

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 1.6 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 180 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND487357500 ft gate3 of 5landing flapon speed608 ft · 89 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 660 m left of the centreline at 1.6 nm, then inside the band from 0.9 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND80 m L1 m L612 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 33 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Fast from 1.6 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to +29 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

6080100120 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 66+27 kt+25 kt+20 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on EDFB 36

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
28ft
Threshold speed57.83
85kttarget 66, 19 fast
Centreline offset98.47
5.16m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
417m
Centreline92.61
5.30m L
Speed100.00
70kttarget 65, 5 fast
Touchdown rate100.00
-15fpm
Impact100.00
1.02G
BouncesOk
None
The flare100.00

Perfect landing flare

The crosswind

Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° right of the track, wings level.

Wind 007° at 8 kt · 8 kt head · 1 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 68 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 14 s, an average deceleration of 0.14 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 186 m30 kt · 377 mtouchdown392 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,293 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 28 ft, 22 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 22 ft. Touched down 417 m in, 112 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,293 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

28 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 22 ft · −542 fpm · −0.3° · 86 ktdescent slowed at 0 ft · −15 fpm · 3.2°−15 fpm · 3.2° nose up · 71 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 28 ft, down at 417 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 540 fpm at the flare to 20 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.4° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−2°4°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−15 fpm at touchdown3.2° at touchdown, +3.4° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 1,293 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 5.3 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 5.3 m left at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 417 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 417 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 746 m of 1,293 m · 58 %
In the air over the runway, 417 mRollout, 329 m Left over, 548 m
Rollout distance100.00
329m58 % used
Rollout alignment95.11
4.88m L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Cessna Skyhawk departed from runway 36 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield. Take-off distance was 363 m, 28 % of the runway, and rotation occurred at 52 kt. Local weather at departure was temperature 9 °C, wind 8 kt from 007°, with a 1 kt crosswind and an 8 kt headwind.

The aircraft climbed to 1,000 ft agl in 47 seconds, averaging 587 fpm and reaching 96 kt at the top of the initial climb. Afterward it levelled at 600 ft asl for 4 minutes, covering 7 nm and passing overhead Reichelsheim.

During the final approach to runway 36, the descent was from 164 ft agl to -432 ft agl in 69 seconds. At 500 ft above the runway the stabilisation checks were met for gear down, sink rate and glideslope, but not met for landing flap and speed.

The aircraft landed on runway 36, whose length is 1,293 m. The threshold speed was 86 kt, noted as too high, and the flare was described as perfect. Touchdown occurred 417 m down the runway at 70 kt, a little fast, with a perfect touchdown rate of minus 15 fpm. The touchdown point was 5.3 m off the centreline, but rollout alignment was very good. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 775 m, 60 % of the runway.

The flight covered 10 nm in 6 minutes and used 2 kg of fuel. Local weather at landing was temperature 9 °C, wind 7 kt from 007°, with a 1 kt crosswind and a 7 kt headwind.

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