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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Use smoother, smaller aileron inputs to keep the wings level and hold bank angle near wings-level during the climb.
What happened: During the climb, bank angle rose to 1.6°, more roll than the climb out called for.
Watch for: Attitude indicator: wings level during the climb
Arrival
Reduce power earlier on final so threshold speed settles at 67 kt instead of carrying it into the flare.
What happened: You crossed the threshold at 82 kt, well above the 67 kt target speed, and that excess speed was still showing at touchdown. Crossing the threshold fast usually carries straight through to a fast touchdown.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator against 67 kt on short final.
Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.
Read more in VRef ExplainedStart to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 75 kt, 6 kt above the 69 kt target, and lifted off at 78 kt 1.1 s later, the nose coming up at 4.0° a second. Climb 3 averaged 118 kt, 6 kt under its 124 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 981 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,866 m of runway left; then climbing at 850 fpm on average to 981 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 2,640 m runway.
Rolled from 27 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 6.6 m at the widest, and lifted off 5.1 m left, in 6 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 15 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 1.6 to 0.5 nm, then not again: fast from 0.5 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 80 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 6× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band from 4 nm to 1.8 nm, then drifted 62 m left between 1.8 and 1.6 nm, then inside the band from 1.6 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 34 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 0.5 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +16 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Excellent landing flare. It lost 2.7 points, for the nose going up and down 3 times.
6 kt across from the left, which takes about 5° of crab to hold the centreline at 72 kt. Touched down with 5° of it still on, wings level.
Wind 310° at 7 kt · 2 kt tail · 6 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 74 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 17 s, an average deceleration of 0.14 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 51 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 37 ft. Touched down 483 m in, 179 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 450 fpm at the flare to 110 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.7° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,546 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 3.4 m left of the centreline, and steered back to 1.2 m left by the end of the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 483 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The Cessna 208B taxied from the parking area to runway 13 at LIPR Federico Fellini International Airport in 11 minutes, covering 2 nm.
Take-off was performed on runway 13. The aircraft used 436 m of runway (17 % of the runway) and rotated at 75 kt. Local weather was 21 °C with wind 7 kt from 070°, giving a 6 kt crosswind and a 4 kt headwind.
Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 67 seconds, averaging 821 fpm and reaching 111 kt at the top of the climb.
The climb continued from 1,023 ft asl to 5,452 ft asl in 6 minutes, covering 12 nm and passing overhead Riccione.
Level flight was maintained at 6,000 ft asl for 50 minutes, covering 132 nm, beginning 2 miles west of Pesaro.
Descent began at 5,991 ft asl and proceeded to 1,375 ft asl in 12 minutes, covering 29 nm. The descent started 17 miles south-west of Rogoznica and included a brief level-off at 2,800 ft asl.
Final approach to runway 05 at LDSP Split Airport descended from 1,352 ft agl to 96 ft agl in 163 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed and wings level. The aircraft was in final flap position 2 at 1,018 ft agl with a speed of 104 kt.
Landing on runway 05 (runway length 2,546 m) had a good threshold height. Threshold speed was 83 kt. The flare was described as excellent. Touchdown occurred 71 m beyond the touchdown zone at a speed of 72 kt, which was fast, with a smooth touchdown rate of minus 113 fpm. The touchdown point was 4.0 m off the centreline. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 817 m (32 % of the runway) and rollout alignment was very good.
Local weather at the airport was 17 °C with wind 8 kt from 310°, giving an 8 kt crosswind and a 2 kt tailwind.
After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm.
The flight covered a total of 182 nm in 81 minutes and used 239 kg of fuel.
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