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09CL
Grass Valley, United States
Runway 01
Elevation2,205 ft asl
Weight6,678 lbs
Fuel610 lbs
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

82.21 %
KLHM
Lincoln, United States
Runway 15
Elevation118 ft asl
Weight6,576 lbs
Fuel509 lbs
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
7 Aug 2024 0:15 35 nm Spitfire Mk IX 101 lbs
Departure Score
89.83 %
Enroute Score
71.24 %
Arrival Score
85.57 %

What went well

Touched down at -60 fpm — a soft arrival
1.08 G at touchdown — inside band
Rollout held the centreline — 17.3 ft off at taxi speed

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was excessively high at 115 kn at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 66 %, −2.23 points
Enroute Descent — 250 kt exceeded below 10,000 ft; speed limits at 0 %, bank angle up to 164.2 ° at 0 %, −1.88 points
Enroute Descent — 250 kt exceeded below 10,000 ft; speed limits at 0 %, bank angle up to 171.5 ° at 0 %, −1.88 points

Next time

Keep the approach speed on target

See Arrival Landing

Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 26 stages, 25 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 94.32Departure roll runway 01 at 09CL Alta Sierra. Takeoff distance 1,597 ft 56 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 95 kn. Local weather - Temperature 59 °F. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,597 ft56 % of runway
80 % Liftoff speed was 95 knTarget 80 kn
92 % Runway alignment max 18.0 ft17.3 ft left to 0.7 ft right 1.6 -0.7 ft
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.90 g min to max 1.04 g 0.99 1.03 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 5.4 °-3.0 ° min to max 12.9 ° 12.8 7.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.3 1.8 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 5 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 5 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched Off 5 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 5 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 5 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 5 ft agl
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated 5 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 5 ft agl
Info Pitot Heat Switched Off 5 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 5 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 5 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 5 ft agl
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 5 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Up 5 ft agl
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 5 ft agl
Departure Climb 1 97.47Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 01 09CL Alta Sierra.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.2 °
100 % Average speed 110 kn96 kn min to max 123 kn 96 123 kn
90 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.0 ° min to max 5.8 ° 2.2 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.88 g min to max 1.16 g 1.03 1.06 g
Info Average VSI 802 ft/m614 ft/m min to max 1,112 ft/m 614 1,112 ft/m
Info Average altitude 31 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 78 ft agl 0 78 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.3 °5.7 ° min to max 10.0 ° 7.6 9.9 °
Departure Climb 2 84.14Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 01 09CL Alta Sierra.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.7 ° -0.2 0.7 °
100 % Average speed 134 kn123 kn min to max 162 kn 123 162 kn
38 % Average bank angle 2.3 °0.0 ° min to max 25.5 ° 0.3 2.8 °
96 % Average g force 1.02 g0.78 g min to max 1.63 g 1.06 0.82 g
Info Average VSI 1,176 ft/m822 ft/m min to max 1,839 ft/m 1,130 1,839 ft/m
Info Average altitude 148 ft agl80 ft agl min to max 341 ft agl 80 341 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.4 °4.2 ° min to max 10.6 ° 10.0 7.2 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 263 ft agl · 156 kt
Departure Climb 3 83.40Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 01 09CL Alta Sierra.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.9 °-0.1 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.0 -0.1 °
100 % Average speed 170 kn164 kn min to max 173 kn 164 172 kn
17 % Average bank angle 19.2 °6.1 ° min to max 33.5 ° 6.1 33.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.14 g0.58 g min to max 1.32 g 0.58 1.22 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,987 ft/m801 ft/m min to max 3,445 ft/m 1,658 3,445 ft/m
Info Average altitude 487 ft agl368 ft agl min to max 685 ft agl 368 685 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.5 °2.9 ° min to max 13.0 ° 4.5 13.0 °
Enroute Climb 86.54Enroute climb started overhead Alta Sierra (California, United States). Climbing from 3,003 ft asl to 4,638 ft asl, an increase of 1,635 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 186 kn173 kn min to max 220 kn 173 220 kn
69 % Average bank angle 35.9 °1.4 ° min to max 55.3 ° 39.6 55.3 °
88 % Average g force 1.14 g0.08 g min to max 1.85 g 1.14 0.08 g
Info Average VSI 3,025 ft/m-187 ft/m min to max 4,166 ft/m 3,572 -187 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,761 ft asl3,003 ft asl min to max 4,691 ft asl 3,003 4,638 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 9.7 °-4.2 ° min to max 15.5 ° 12.6 -4.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Descent 10.00Enroute descent started 1 mile west of Alta Sierra (California, United States). Descent from 4,604 ft asl to 3,941 ft asl, a decrease of 664 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Average speed 239 kn218 kn min to max 255 kn 219 248 kn
0 % Average bank angle 64.7 °0.3 ° min to max 164.2 ° 152.4 17.4 °
0 % Average g force -0.30 g-3.13 g min to max 1.69 g -1.97 -1.65 g
Info Average VSI -1,490 ft/m-2,846 ft/m min to max -382 ft/m -1,344 -1,321 ft/m
Info Average altitude 4,279 ft asl3,941 ft asl min to max 4,604 ft asl 4,604 3,941 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.6 °-6.4 ° min to max 7.6 ° 0.9 -5.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 4,071 ft agl
Enroute Climb 2 55.83Enroute climb started 3 miles west of Alta Sierra (California, United States). Climbing from 3,899 ft asl to 5,037 ft asl, an increase of 1,137 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 159 kn92 kn min to max 251 kn 251 218 kn
0 % Average bank angle 97.4 °1.4 ° min to max 179.1 ° 1.4 8.4 °
58 % Average g force 1.58 g0.61 g min to max 2.96 g 1.83 2.72 g
Info Average VSI 2,943 ft/m-21,345 ft/m min to max 18,733 ft/m -2,000 -21,345 ft/m
Info Average altitude 6,160 ft asl3,899 ft asl min to max 7,308 ft asl 3,899 5,037 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.9 °-86.6 ° min to max 80.2 ° -1.6 -56.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Descent 2 14.99Enroute descent started 4 miles south east of Penn Valley (California, United States). Descent from 4,700 ft asl to 1,596 ft asl, a decrease of 3,104 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Average speed 238 kn194 kn min to max 287 kn 225 194 kn
11 % Average bank angle 20.6 °0.0 ° min to max 84.3 ° 8.1 79.8 °
4 % Average g force 1.19 g-0.01 g min to max 4.85 g 2.59 4.38 g
Info Average VSI -2,206 ft/m-20,402 ft/m min to max 837 ft/m -20,402 -2,341 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,916 ft asl1,596 ft asl min to max 4,700 ft asl 4,700 1,596 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -5.5 °-48.1 ° min to max 2.7 ° -48.1 -6.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 2,913 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 176 ft agl · 206 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 207 ft agl · 198 kt
Enroute Climb 3 51.26Enroute climb started 4 miles west of Alta Sierra (California, United States). Climbing from 1,544 ft asl to 4,798 ft asl, an increase of 3,254 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 203 kn44 kn min to max 227 kn 188 44 kn
0 % Average bank angle 12.3 °0.1 ° min to max 153.0 ° 75.4 122.9 °
13 % Average g force 1.48 g-0.10 g min to max 4.56 g 3.17 -0.10 g
Info Average VSI -80 ft/m-3,811 ft/m min to max 16,622 ft/m -2,817 3,914 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,524 ft asl1,195 ft asl min to max 4,798 ft asl 1,544 4,798 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.2 °-12.0 ° min to max 65.6 ° -9.0 54.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 3,433 ft agl · 68 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 3,532 ft agl · 64 kt
Enroute Descent 3 10.00Enroute descent started 4 miles south of Penn Valley (California, United States). Descent from 4,833 ft asl to 2,038 ft asl, a decrease of 2,794 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Average speed 184 kn42 kn min to max 274 kn 42 192 kn
0 % Average bank angle 63.9 °0.3 ° min to max 171.5 ° 115.2 17.3 °
0 % Average g force 1.28 g-3.95 g min to max 6.55 g 0.07 0.17 g
Info Average VSI -5,027 ft/m-19,926 ft/m min to max 10,255 ft/m 2,653 5,083 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,723 ft asl1,099 ft asl min to max 4,838 ft asl 4,833 2,038 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -21.5 °-71.2 ° min to max 34.0 ° 33.2 8.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 1,518 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 157 ft agl · 273 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 121 ft agl · 269 kt
Enroute Level 99.17Enroute level cruise started 5 miles west of 09CL Alta Sierra Grass Valley (California, United States) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,902 ft asl1,731 ft asl min to max 2,109 ft asl 2,075 1,819 ft asl
100 % Average speed 149 kn132 kn min to max 184 kn 184 142 kn
100 % Average bank angle 3.0 °0.1 ° min to max 9.3 ° 9.3 1.8 °
92 % Average g force 0.99 g0.21 g min to max 1.32 g 0.21 0.88 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °-2.2 ° min to max 7.2 ° 3.9 3.6 °
Enroute Climb 4 100.00Enroute climb started 6 miles west of Lake of the Pines (California, United States). Climbing from 1,824 ft asl to 3,108 ft asl, an increase of 1,283 ft in 2 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 138 kn124 kn min to max 155 kn 140 151 kn
100 % Average bank angle 19.4 °2.2 ° min to max 29.3 ° 6.6 12.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.78 g min to max 1.47 g 1.00 0.89 g
Info Average VSI 832 ft/m-730 ft/m min to max 2,818 ft/m 389 -730 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,509 ft asl1,824 ft asl min to max 3,189 ft asl 1,824 3,108 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.1 °-1.4 ° min to max 13.4 ° 4.4 -1.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Descent 4 66.20Enroute descent started 4 miles west of Lake of the Pines (California, United States). Descent from 3,091 ft asl to 2,531 ft asl, a decrease of 560 ft in 1 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 164 kn150 kn min to max 172 kn 152 169 kn
16 % Average bank angle 21.5 °0.4 ° min to max 82.2 ° 11.4 64.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g0.62 g min to max 1.48 g 0.97 1.40 g
Info Average VSI -542 ft/m-3,037 ft/m min to max 879 ft/m -922 -3,037 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,894 ft asl2,531 ft asl min to max 3,091 ft asl 3,091 2,531 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °-11.8 ° min to max 5.1 ° -1.6 -11.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 97.89Enroute level cruise started 7 miles south of Penn Valley (California, United States) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 2,323 ft asl2,251 ft asl min to max 2,462 ft asl 2,462 2,303 ft asl
100 % Average speed 198 kn173 kn min to max 209 kn 173 208 kn
100 % Average bank angle 10.6 °0.4 ° min to max 31.8 ° 31.5 1.2 °
79 % Average g force 1.08 g0.75 g min to max 2.24 g 2.24 1.02 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-6.7 ° min to max 3.9 ° -6.7 1.5 °
Enroute Descent 5 100.00Enroute descent started 6 miles north east of Sheridan (California, United States). Descent from 2,309 ft asl to 247 ft asl, a decrease of 2,062 ft in 3 minutes and covering 9 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 203 kn153 kn min to max 226 kn 208 200 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.1 °0.0 ° min to max 18.5 ° 0.1 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.57 g min to max 1.32 g 0.95 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -784 ft/m-1,813 ft/m min to max 335 ft/m 335 -205 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,483 ft asl247 ft asl min to max 2,327 ft asl 2,309 247 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.6 °-5.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 1.2 0.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Climb 5 93.11Enroute climb started overhead KLHM Lincoln Regl\/Harder Lincoln (California, United States). Climbing from 244 ft asl to 980 ft asl, an increase of 736 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 179 kn125 kn min to max 200 kn 200 125 kn
87 % Average bank angle 20.1 °0.1 ° min to max 46.6 ° 0.8 37.8 °
84 % Average g force 1.17 g0.75 g min to max 2.05 g 0.88 1.23 g
Info Average VSI 1,340 ft/m-180 ft/m min to max 3,927 ft/m -180 2,080 ft/m
Info Average altitude 454 ft asl242 ft asl min to max 980 ft asl 244 980 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.5 °-0.5 ° min to max 14.8 ° -0.1 13.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 3 99.28Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south east of KLHM Lincoln Regl\/Harder Lincoln (California, United States) and lasted 1 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,056 ft asl987 ft asl min to max 1,107 ft asl 1,010 987 ft asl
100 % Average speed 121 kn114 kn min to max 125 kn 121 123 kn
98 % Average bank angle 17.6 °3.2 ° min to max 40.9 ° 38.6 3.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.86 g min to max 1.23 g 1.02 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °1.1 ° min to max 11.4 ° 11.4 3.0 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 969 ft agl · 124 kt
Enroute Descent 6 100.00Enroute descent started overhead KLHM Lincoln Regl\/Harder Lincoln (California, United States). Descent from 984 ft asl to 791 ft asl, a decrease of 193 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 124 kn122 kn min to max 126 kn 123 124 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.0 ° min to max 4.6 ° 0.0 2.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.12 g 1.03 1.06 g
Info Average VSI -369 ft/m-569 ft/m min to max -107 ft/m -229 -107 ft/m
Info Average altitude 895 ft asl791 ft asl min to max 984 ft asl 984 791 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °1.1 ° min to max 4.2 ° 3.5 4.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Climb 6 76.40Enroute climb started 1 mile north of KLHM Lincoln Regl\/Harder Lincoln (California, United States). Climbing from 792 ft asl to 1,209 ft asl, an increase of 418 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 138 kn118 kn min to max 149 kn 124 118 kn
42 % Average bank angle 28.4 °1.1 ° min to max 69.2 ° 1.1 69.2 °
98 % Average g force 1.17 g0.87 g min to max 1.58 g 0.95 1.38 g
Info Average VSI 774 ft/m-412 ft/m min to max 1,974 ft/m -17 737 ft/m
Info Average altitude 915 ft asl767 ft asl min to max 1,209 ft asl 792 1,209 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.2 °1.1 ° min to max 10.8 ° 3.2 4.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Descent 7 79.14Enroute descent started 1 mile north of KLHM Lincoln Regl\/Harder Lincoln (California, United States). Descent from 1,202 ft asl to 258 ft asl, a decrease of 944 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 115 kn110 kn min to max 124 kn 116 112 kn
48 % Average bank angle 9.8 °0.1 ° min to max 66.1 ° 66.1 4.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.63 g min to max 1.22 g 1.14 1.11 g
Info Average VSI -1,747 ft/m-3,212 ft/m min to max -78 ft/m -78 -982 ft/m
Info Average altitude 646 ft asl258 ft asl min to max 1,202 ft asl 1,202 258 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -5.7 °-12.6 ° min to max -1.0 ° -2.6 -1.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 813 ft agl · 125 kt
Arrival Final 1 98.94Approaching runway 15 at KLHM Lincoln Regl\/Harder from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 126 ft agl to 51 ft agl. A decrease of 76 ft in 6 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.8 °2.8 ° min to max 3.1 °Target 3.0 ° 3.1 2.9 °
100 % Average speed 115 kn112 kn min to max 116 kn 112 115 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.2 -0.1 °
95 % Average bank angle 2.8 °0.6 ° min to max 5.1 ° 3.5 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.95 g min to max 1.08 g 0.95 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -691 ft/m-878 ft/m min to max -530 ft/m -865 -530 ft/m
Info Average altitude 75 ft agl51 ft agl min to max 126 ft agl 126 51 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-2.4 ° min to max 0.2 ° -2.4 -0.4 °
00.250.50.751050100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-100-75-50-250255075100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 66.58Landing on runway 15 at KLHM Lincoln Regl\/Harder, runway length 6,014 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was excessively high at 115 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 115 kn. Target 75 kn
66 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.1 0.0 °
99.8 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 2.2 ° 0.7 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.96 g min to max 1.09 g 1.00 1.03 g
Info Average speed 105 kn96 kn min to max 115 kn 115 96 kn
Info Average VSI -217 ft/m-546 ft/m min to max -43 ft/m -528 -60 ft/m
Info Average altitude 13 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 44 ft agl 44 1 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °-0.6 ° min to max 3.2 ° -0.4 3.2 °
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,2503,50001223354658Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,2503,500-60-48-36-24-1201224364860Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 77.25Touchdown point was 1,207 ft beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 96 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was excellent at -60 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 61 °F. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was -60 ft/m.
66 % Touchdown distance was 2,507 ftTarget 1,500 ft
26 % Speed at touchdown 96 knTarget 69 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 4.3 ft3.7 ft left 2.9 4.3 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.0 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g1.00 g min to max 1.08 g 1.03 1.00 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 95 kn94 kn min to max 96 kn 96 94 kn
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °3.0 ° min to max 3.5 ° 3.2 3.0 °
Arrival Rollout 90.08Total landing distance 4,683 ft, 78 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
89 % Landing distance 4,683 ft78 % of runway.
90 % Runway alignment max 25.1 ft6.3 ft left to 18.8 ft right 4.4 -17.3 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 1.02 g
Info Average speed 85 kn50 kn min to max 94 kn 94 50 kn
Info Average pitch angle 4.6 °3.0 ° min to max 12.0 ° 3.0 11.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.2 0.3 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 5 ft agl · 87 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 12 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 13 kn7 kn min to max 46 kn 46 11 kn
Info Average pitch angle 11.5 °11.3 ° min to max 11.8 ° 11.8 11.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.3 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.97 g min to max 1.06 g 1.03 0.98 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 5 ft agl · 8 kt
Arrival Taxi 95.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 10 kn5 kn min to max 11 kn 11 5 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.97 g min to max 1.02 g 0.98 1.01 g
Info Average pitch angle 11.5 °11.4 ° min to max 11.5 ° 11.4 11.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.0 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 95 kt with 7.6° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

180 kt12060020°10°0°LIFTOFF7.6° off8° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 6 kt 12.7° 0 s
Liftoff1,595 ft 95 kt 7.6° 15.6 s
35 ft2,318 ft · 3.8 s after liftoff 113 kt 7.9° 19.4 s
End of Climb 39,486 ft · 686 ft 172 kt 13.1° 46.7 s

Takeoff from 09CL 01

Takeoff roll100.00
1,597ft56 %
Liftoff speed79.68
95kt
Runway alignment91.93
17.3ft L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb97.47
802fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 686 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 366 ft of runway left; then climbing at 1,320 fpm on average to 686 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050607080KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 95 ktSCALE CHANGES1.1 nm past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 2,836 ft runway.

Rolled from 152 ft in, drifted 17 ft left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 61 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 17.2 ft LROLL 152 FT INAirborne 1,747 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,747 ft of 2,836 ft · 62 %
Behind the start of the roll, 152 ftTakeoff roll, 1,595 ft Left ahead, 1,089 ft

The approach to KLHM 15

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

High from 1.2 nm, where the final began, to 0.7 nm (up to 640 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND751276
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 710 ft left of the centreline at 1.2 nm, then inside the band from 1.0 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR1000 ft L01000 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND37 ft L26 ft R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on KLHM 15

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
44ft
Threshold speed0.00
114kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.1ft R

Touchdown

Past threshold66.37
2,509ft
Centreline100.00
4.3ft L
Speed26.48
96kt
Touchdown rate100.00
-60fpm
Impact100.00
1.08G
Bounces80.00
1
The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 270° at 1 kt · 0 kt tail · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 44 ft, close to the 50 ft target. Touched down 2,509 ft in, 1,509 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

44 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −60 fpm · 3.2° nose up · 96 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 44 ft, down at 2,509 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 510 fpm at 43 ft to 60 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.7° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−1°4°10°touchdown−60 fpm at touchdown3.2° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 6,014 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 11 ft right at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 2,509 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 2,509 ft past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 1.08 G arrival bounced.

Runway used 4,485 ft of 6,014 ft · 75 %
In the air over the runway, 2,509 ftRollout, 1,976 ft Left over, 1,529 ft
Rollout distance100.00
1,976ft75 % used
Rollout alignment90.18
18.8ft R

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