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KROC
Rochester, United States
Runway 10
Elevation554 ft asl
Weight1,031 kg
Fuel56 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn

Flight Score

95.82 %
KBUF
Buffalo, United States
Runway 14
Elevation699 ft asl
Weight1,017 kg
Fuel62 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
30 Sep 2024 0:44 53 nm Cessna Skyhawk
Departure Score
93.63 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
93.84 %

What went well

Touched down at -89 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 271 m in — inside the full-score zone
1.11 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Departure Climb 2 — bounce on liftoff; bank angle up to 19.7 ° at 53 %, Heading variation 0.4 ° at 80 %, −1.39 points
Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 11.11 m at 71 %, −0.88 points
Arrival Final 1 — Heading variation 0.1 ° at 63 %, Approach angle 3.0 ° at 81 %, −0.74 points
Departure Roll — Landing Lights at 0 %, Liftoff speed was 50 kn at 84 %, −0.68 points

Top opportunity

Know your rotation speed

Departure Roll

A typical trainer rotates in the mid-50s of knots - a 172 at around 55 KIAS, climbing out at a Vy in the low 70s, though check your own POH rather than memorising Cessna's numbers - and the transferable rule is that Vr sits just above the stall speed in takeoff configuration. Rotate early because "it felt ready" and the aircraft lifts off inside ground effect, where induced drag is reduced, then climbs out of it into more drag. On a marginal-performance day the result is an aircraft that lifts off and then refuses to climb, sagging back towards the runway.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 14 stages, 12 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 14 kn3 kn min to max 20 kn 3 9 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 12 knmax 16 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-0.2 ° min to max 1.5 ° 0.8 0.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.1 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 10 at KROC Greater Rochester Intl, Average speed was 6 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 17 kn0 kn min to max 30 kn 9 12 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °-0.2 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.7 0.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.0 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 91.86Departure roll runway 10 at KROC Greater Rochester Intl. Takeoff distance 397 m 24 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 50 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 397 m24 % of runway
84 % Liftoff speed was 50 knTarget 62 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 2.62 m2.18 m left to 0.44 m right 1.30 1.59 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 1.03 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 3.0 °-0.5 ° min to max 5.3 ° 0.8 5.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.1 0.6 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl
Departure Climb 1 99.34Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 10 KROC Greater Rochester Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.4 °-0.5 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -0.4 °
100 % Average speed 56 kn50 kn min to max 61 kn 50 61 kn
97 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.0 ° min to max 3.0 ° 0.6 2.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.74 g min to max 1.25 g 1.03 1.18 g
Info Average VSI 338 ft/m98 ft/m min to max 571 ft/m 293 265 ft/m
Info Average altitude 27 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 50 ft agl 1 50 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.7 °1.8 ° min to max 9.8 ° 5.3 7.8 °
Departure Climb 2 83.32Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 10 KROC Greater Rochester Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
80 % Heading variation 0.4 °-0.4 ° min to max 3.6 ° -0.4 3.6 °
100 % Average speed 63 kn61 kn min to max 76 kn 61 76 kn
53 % Average bank angle 2.5 °0.0 ° min to max 19.7 ° 2.7 19.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.87 g min to max 1.15 g 1.15 1.08 g
Info Average VSI 545 ft/m283 ft/m min to max 756 ft/m 283 526 ft/m
Info Average altitude 110 ft agl50 ft agl min to max 327 ft agl 50 327 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.0 °4.1 ° min to max 9.5 ° 7.6 6.2 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 105 ft agl · 69 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 279 ft agl · 74 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 308 ft agl · 78 kt
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead KROC Greater Rochester Intl Rochester (New York, United States). Climbing from 893 ft asl to 3,898 ft asl, an increase of 3,005 ft in 3 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 74 kn72 kn min to max 95 kn 77 95 kn
100 % Average bank angle 12.9 °0.0 ° min to max 31.4 ° 22.8 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.80 g min to max 1.20 g 1.10 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 880 ft/m81 ft/m min to max 1,368 ft/m 594 81 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,814 ft asl893 ft asl min to max 3,898 ft asl 893 3,898 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.6 °-2.1 ° min to max 8.8 ° 6.7 -2.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 950 ft agl · 81 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 950 ft agl · 81 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 3,249 ft agl · 84 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles south west of KROC Greater Rochester Intl Rochester (New York, United States) and lasted 9 minutes, covering 17 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 3,883 ft asl3,874 ft asl min to max 3,895 ft asl 3,892 3,878 ft asl
100 % Average speed 114 kn103 kn min to max 126 kn 106 122 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 2.2 ° 0.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.78 g min to max 1.15 g 1.07 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-2.6 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.2 -0.2 °

Events

Info Pitot Heat Switched On 3,244 ft agl · 125 kt
Arrival 100.00Arrival started 3 miles south west of KROC Greater Rochester Intl Rochester (New York, United States).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 92 kn57 kn min to max 124 kn 121 69 kn
100 % Average bank angle 3.4 °0.0 ° min to max 26.4 ° 0.1 2.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.67 g min to max 1.26 g 1.06 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -206 ft/m-1,348 ft/m min to max 376 ft/m 9 -210 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,189 ft asl957 ft asl min to max 3,890 ft asl 3,878 967 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-7.8 ° min to max 6.7 ° -0.2 1.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 2,911 ft agl · 128 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 2,911 ft agl · 128 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,979 ft agl · 125 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 2,979 ft agl · 125 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 997 ft agl · 111 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 997 ft agl · 111 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Activated 1,034 ft agl · 71 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,090 ft agl · 91 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,177 ft agl · 89 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 1,177 ft agl · 89 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 364 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 364 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 327 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 337 ft agl · 67 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 291 ft agl · 76 kt
Arrival Final 1 88.83Approaching runway 14 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara Intl from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 266 ft agl to 39 ft agl. A decrease of 227 ft in 36 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
81 % Approach angle 3.0 °2.2 ° min to max 4.0 °Target 3.0 ° 2.8 2.2 °
100 % Average speed 57 kn53 kn min to max 70 kn 70 53 kn
63 % Heading variation 0.1 °-1.4 ° min to max 0.3 ° -1.4 0.3 °
99.6 % Average bank angle 1.9 °0.1 ° min to max 3.3 ° 2.5 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.75 g min to max 1.13 g 1.07 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -566 ft/m-757 ft/m min to max 197 ft/m -148 -554 ft/m
Info Average altitude 103 ft agl39 ft agl min to max 276 ft agl 266 39 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.1 °-3.1 ° min to max 4.5 ° 2.0 0.6 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 175 ft agl · 76 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 170 ft agl · 75 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-120-90-60-300306090120Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 97.91Landing on runway 14 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara Intl, runway length 1,862 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was a little below target at 53 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
92 % Threshold speed was a little below target at 53 kn. Target 63 kn
100 % Target 50 ft agl
100 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °0.3 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.4 °
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.0 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.93 g min to max 1.15 g 1.05 0.93 g
Info Average speed 47 kn41 kn min to max 53 kn 53 41 kn
Info Average VSI -251 ft/m-549 ft/m min to max -81 ft/m -549 -89 ft/m
Info Average altitude 14 ft agl3 ft agl min to max 34 ft agl 34 3 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.8 °0.6 ° min to max 6.5 ° 0.6 4.4 °
07515022530001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300-25-20-15-10-50510152025Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 95.66Touchdown distance was good at 269 m. Touchdown speed at 41 kn was good. Touchdown rate was excellent at -89 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 11.0 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was -89 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 269 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 41 knTarget 53 kn
71 % Runway alignment max 10.98 m10.91 m left 10.82 10.98 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.93 g min to max 1.11 g 0.93 1.04 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 41 kn41 kn min to max 41 kn 41 41 kn
Info Average pitch angle 4.9 °4.4 ° min to max 5.7 ° 4.4 5.7 °
Arrival Rollout 86.78Total landing distance 491 m, 26 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 11.1 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 491 m26 % of runway.
71 % Runway alignment max 11.11 m11.11 m left to 0.00 m left 10.99 7.28 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.06 g 1.02 1.00 g
Info Average speed 48 kn30 kn min to max 51 kn 51 30 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °-0.1 ° min to max 5.8 ° 5.8 1.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.1 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 4 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 15 kn9 kn min to max 27 kn 27 9 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °0.4 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.6 1.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.1 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.00 g
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 13 kn0 kn min to max 18 kn 9 4 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 10 knmax 10 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 1.7 ° 1.1 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.1 °

Events

Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl

Takeoff

OkTaxi lightsSet
100.00Takeoff roll397 m · 24 %
84.28Liftoff speed50 kt
100.00Runway alignment2.18 m L
OkBounce on takeoffNone
99.34Rate of climb338 fpm

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

100.00Threshold height34 ft
91.65Threshold speed52 kt
100.00Centreline offset0.12 m L

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on KBUF 14

Past threshold100.00
271m
Centreline71.09
10.98m L
Speed100.00
41kt
Touchdown rate100.00
-89fpm
Impact100.00
1.11G
BouncesOk
None

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

34 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 34 ft, down at 271 m

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,862 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 503 M 271 m past threshold CLEARED

The 271 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 478 m of 1,862 m · 26 %
Rollout distance100.00
207m26 % used
Rollout alignment70.62
11.11m L

The rest of the report

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Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 10 at KROC Greater Rochester Intl in the Cessna Skyhawk
93.63 %
100 %
Taxi
Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
Taxi Lights
100 %
Switched On
Ground Speed kt
100 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
100 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
2 1 0
91.86 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 10 at KROC Greater Rochester Intl. Takeoff distance 397 m 24 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 50 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 397 m using 23.73 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
84.28 %
Liftoff speed was 50 kn - Target 62 kn
Alignment
100 %
2.18 m left to 0.44 m right
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
0 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
60 30 0
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
6 3 0
02505007501,0001,2501,500-20-15-10-505101520 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
99.34 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 10 KROC Greater Rochester Intl.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
70 60 50
Bank °
97.34 %
4 2 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
10 5.5 1
Climb Rate fpm
Info
600 250 -100
83.32 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 10 KROC Greater Rochester Intl.
Alignment
79.88 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
80 70 60
Bank °
53.42 %
20 10 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
10 7 4
Climb Rate fpm
Info
800 450 100
02505007501,0001,2501,500059118177236295 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.040.090.130.180.220100200300 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.040.090.130.180.22-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 14 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara Intl in the Cessna Skyhawk
Landing Score 92.3 %
Landing Summary
This flight was recorded using the free subscription and the AI landing analysis report is not available.
88.83 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 14 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara Intl from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 266 ft agl to 39 ft agl. A decrease of 227 ft in 36 seconds.
Glideslope
81.4 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
63.2 %
Poor heading alignment
Glideslope °
81.4 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
70 60 50
Alignment
63.2 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
99.56 %
4 2 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
197 -301 -800
00.250.50.751050100150200250300 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-120-90-60-300306090120 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
97.91 %
Landing
Landing on runway 14 at KBUF Buffalo Niagara Intl, runway length 1,862 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was a little below target at 53 kn.
Height
100 %
Good threshold height. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
91.65 %
Threshold speed was a little below target at 53 kt. Target 63 kt
Flare
100 %
Perfect landing flare
Centreline ft
100 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
100 %
2 1 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
53 46 40
Pitch °
Info
7 3.5 0
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-81 -340 -600
07515022530001123344657 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075150225300-25-20-15-10-50510152025 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
95.66 %
Touchdown
Touchdown distance was good at 269 m. Touchdown speed at 41 kn was good. Touchdown rate was excellent at -89 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 11.0 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
Touchdown
100 %
Touchdown rate was excellent at -89 fpm.
Speed
100 %
Touchdown speed at 41 kt was good. Target below 53 kn
Distance
100 %
Touchdown distance was good at 269 m.
Alignment
71.09 %
Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 11.0 m from centreline.
Bank
100 %
Bank angle 0.3 °
G
100 %
G 1.06 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
86.78 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 491 m, 26 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 11.1 m from centreline.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 491 m using 26.35 % of runway
Alignment
70.62 %
Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 11.1 m from centreline.
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
41 25 10
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
6 3 0
0200400 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
100 %
Taxi
Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched Off
Taxi Lights
100 %
Switched On
Ground Speed kt
100 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
100 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
2 1 0
Metrics
Metrics

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