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CYYZ
Toronto, Canada
Runway 23
Elevation545 ft asl
Weight2,696 kg
Fuel444 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

92.84 %
CYOO
Oshawa, Canada
Runway 30
Elevation449 ft asl
Weight2,627 kg
Fuel371 kg
18 Dec 2022 0:23 58 nm TBM 930 73 kg
Departure Score
91.74 %
Enroute Score
97.27 %
Arrival Score
87.75 %

What went well

Touched down at -137 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 396 m in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 0.43 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Departure Roll — landing lights off should be on, strobe light off should be on, then flaps not extended; Runway alignment max 8.7 ft at 86 %, −1.52 points
Arrival Final 1 — flaps not extended, then gear not down; Approach angle 2.4 ° at 86 %, −1.27 points
Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 22.9 ft at 58 %, −1.06 points

Next time

Get the gear down sooner

See Arrival Final 1

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 90.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 3 kn0 kn min to max 10 kn 0 10 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 1 knmax 1 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.01 g
0 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-1.2 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Fail Beacon Light OFF should be ON
Fail Navigation Light OFF should be ON
Fail Navigation Light OFF should be ON
Departure Roll 77.20Departure roll runway 23 at CYYZ Toronto\/Pearson Intl. Takeoff distance 394 ft 4 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 86 kn. Local weather - Temperature 60 °F. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 394 ft4 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 86 knTarget 91 kn
86 % Runway alignment max 8.7 ft0.0 ft left to 8.7 ft right -3.5 -3.3 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 0.98 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-0.9 ° min to max 3.3 ° -0.9 3.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights OFF should be ON
Fail Strobe Light OFF should be ON
Fail Flaps not extended
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23 CYYZ Toronto\/Pearson Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 -0.2 °
100 % Average speed 98 kn87 kn min to max 107 kn 87 107 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.0 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.99 g min to max 1.08 g 0.99 1.08 g
Info Average VSI 429 ft/m252 ft/m min to max 662 ft/m 252 662 ft/m
Info Average altitude 15 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 43 ft agl 0 43 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.0 °3.4 ° min to max 7.0 ° 3.4 7.0 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23 CYYZ Toronto\/Pearson Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.7 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -0.7 °
100 % Average speed 109 kn107 kn min to max 112 kn 107 108 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 3.0 ° 0.5 3.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.11 g1.05 g min to max 1.14 g 1.08 1.05 g
Info Average VSI 1,118 ft/m674 ft/m min to max 2,846 ft/m 674 2,846 ft/m
Info Average altitude 105 ft agl61 ft agl min to max 382 ft agl 61 382 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.4 °7.1 ° min to max 17.8 ° 7.1 17.8 °
Departure Climb 3 91.51Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 23 CYYZ Toronto\/Pearson Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
93 % Heading variation -2.7 °-4.4 ° min to max -1.0 ° -1.0 -4.4 °
100 % Average speed 103 kn96 kn min to max 115 kn 106 115 kn
66 % Average bank angle 4.0 °0.5 ° min to max 8.8 ° 3.7 1.4 °
98 % Average g force 0.93 g0.71 g min to max 1.02 g 1.02 1.00 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,895 ft/m909 ft/m min to max 3,090 ft/m 2,969 1,145 ft/m
Info Average altitude 753 ft agl416 ft agl min to max 969 ft agl 416 969 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.8 °7.1 ° min to max 19.9 ° 18.4 7.1 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile west of CYYZ Toronto\/Pearson Intl Toronto (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,550 ft asl to 2,913 ft asl, an increase of 1,363 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 133 kn116 kn min to max 162 knTarget 135 kn 116 162 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.1 °0.0 ° min to max 14.9 ° 1.4 2.9 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.94 g min to max 1.06 g 0.99 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 1,400 ft/m364 ft/m min to max 2,035 ft/m 1,169 364 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,277 ft asl1,550 ft asl min to max 2,913 ft asl 1,550 2,913 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.6 °1.0 ° min to max 9.4 ° 7.1 1.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south west of CYYZ Toronto\/Pearson Intl Toronto (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 14 minutes, covering 44 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 2,999 ft asl2,913 ft asl min to max 3,016 ft asl 2,913 2,994 ft asl
100 % Average speed 211 kn173 kn min to max 232 kn 173 231 kn
100 % Average bank angle 10.0 °0.0 ° min to max 31.8 ° 2.9 22.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.91 g min to max 1.18 g 0.99 1.10 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-0.9 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 0.1 °
Enroute Descent 89.09Enroute descent started 8 miles south east of Oshawa (Durham, Ontario, Canada). Descent from 2,994 ft asl to 1,176 ft asl, a decrease of 1,818 ft in 2 minutes and covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 181 kn143 kn min to max 231 kn 231 143 kn
100 % Average bank angle 10.2 °0.0 ° min to max 25.7 ° 19.0 0.0 °
91 % Average g force 1.03 g0.59 g min to max 1.32 g 1.07 1.09 g
Info Average VSI -904 ft/m-2,838 ft/m min to max 887 ft/m 10 -366 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,012 ft asl1,176 ft asl min to max 2,995 ft asl 2,994 1,176 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.2 °-7.6 ° min to max 3.6 ° 0.1 -0.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles east of Oshawa (Durham, Ontario, Canada) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,046 ft asl985 ft asl min to max 1,173 ft asl 1,173 1,020 ft asl
100 % Average speed 131 kn124 kn min to max 142 kn 142 124 kn
100 % Average bank angle 3.5 °0.0 ° min to max 23.4 ° 0.1 18.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.81 g min to max 1.15 g 0.97 1.08 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-1.2 ° min to max 3.3 ° -0.3 0.2 °
Arrival 100.00Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started 3 miles east of Oshawa (Durham, Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 107 kn102 kn min to max 120 kn 120 105 kn
100 % Average bank angle 6.6 °0.1 ° min to max 14.9 ° 13.3 5.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.84 g min to max 1.14 g 1.01 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -357 ft/m-842 ft/m min to max 110 ft/m -312 -544 ft/m
Info Average altitude 949 ft asl800 ft asl min to max 1,015 ft asl 1,015 800 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.9 °-4.6 ° min to max 1.6 ° -0.2 -3.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 2 92.43Approaching runway 30 at CYOO Oshawa from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 342 ft agl to 283 ft agl. A decrease of 60 ft in 14 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
85 % Approach angle 2.3 °2.2 ° min to max 2.5 °Target 3.0 ° 2.2 2.5 °
100 % Average speed 101 kn99 kn min to max 105 kn 105 99 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.1 °
85 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.0 ° min to max 6.1 ° 6.1 2.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.93 g min to max 1.10 g 1.00 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -280 ft/m-578 ft/m min to max 6 ft/m -528 -340 ft/m
Info Average altitude 309 ft agl283 ft agl min to max 342 ft agl 342 283 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.2 °-2.6 ° min to max 0.5 ° -2.6 -2.0 °
11.251.51.752200250300350400450500Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 77.21Approaching runway 30 at CYOO Oshawa from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 276 ft agl to 43 ft agl. A decrease of 233 ft in 29 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
86 % Approach angle 2.4 °1.9 ° min to max 2.6 °Target 3.0 ° 2.5 1.9 °
100 % Average speed 91 kn89 kn min to max 99 kn 99 89 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 -0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 3.3 ° 2.8 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.92 g min to max 1.09 g 0.97 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -489 ft/m-617 ft/m min to max -330 ft/m -384 -617 ft/m
Info Average altitude 94 ft agl43 ft agl min to max 276 ft agl 276 43 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.8 °-2.7 ° min to max -0.0 ° -2.2 -2.4 °

Events

Fail Flaps not extended
Fail Gear not down
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 85.88Landing on runway 30 at CYOO Oshawa, runway length 4,237 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 89 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 89 kn. Target 85 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.1 -0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 2.3 ° 1.7 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.90 g min to max 1.23 g 0.97 1.00 g
Info Average speed 83 kn74 kn min to max 89 kn 89 74 kn
Info Average VSI -301 ft/m-642 ft/m min to max -4 ft/m -620 -141 ft/m
Info Average altitude 11 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 37 ft agl 37 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °-2.3 ° min to max 3.7 ° -2.3 2.1 °
07515022530037545001123344556Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450-18-15-12-9-6-30369121518Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 100.00Touchdown distance was good at 1,261 ft. Touchdown speed at 74 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was smooth at -137 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 61 °F. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was -137 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 1,261 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 74 knTarget 72 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 2.0 ft1.8 ft right -2.0 -1.4 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g1.00 g min to max 1.20 g 1.11 1.00 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 74 kn73 kn min to max 74 kn 74 73 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °0.6 ° min to max 2.0 ° 2.0 0.6 °
Arrival Rollout 81.01Total landing distance 2,795 ft, 66 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 2,795 ft66 % of runway.
58 % Runway alignment max 22.9 ft0.6 ft left to 22.3 ft right -1.3 -19.7 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average speed 65 kn31 kn min to max 74 kn 74 31 kn
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-1.1 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 -1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 23 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 23 kn16 kn min to max 30 kn 30 16 kn
Info Average pitch angle -1.4 °-1.6 ° min to max -1.3 ° -1.4 -1.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 0.99 0.99 g
Arrival Taxi 90.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 11 kn0 kn min to max 15 kn 15 0 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 11 knmax 14 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -1.1 °-1.4 ° min to max -0.9 ° -1.4 -0.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.1 °

Events

Fail Taxi Light OFF should be ON

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 86 kt with 3.4° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF3.4° off7° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 14 kt -0.9° 0 s
Liftoff459 m 86 kt 3.4° 16.1 s
35 ft775 m · 6.1 s after liftoff 106 kt 6.6° 22.2 s
End of Climb 32,412 m · 969 ft 115 kt 7.1° 52.2 s

Takeoff from CYYZ 23

Takeoff roll100.00
519m15 %
Liftoff speed100.00
86kt
Runway alignment85.98
2.66m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
429fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 969 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 2,550 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,610 fpm on average to 969 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050607080KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 86 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 3,388 m runway.

Rolled from 63 m in, drifted 2.6 m right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 15 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 2.60 m RROLL 63 M INAirborne 522 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 522 m of 3,388 m · 15 %
Behind the start of the roll, 63 mTakeoff roll, 459 m Left ahead, 2,866 m

The approach to CYOO 30

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 750 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND578534547428303182
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 885 m right of the centreline, then inside the band from 1.6 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND729 m R791 m R514 m R22 m R7 m L9 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on CYOO 30

Over the threshold

Threshold height59.65
36ft
Threshold speed100.00
89kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.03m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
396m
Centreline100.00
0.61m R
Speed100.00
74kt
Touchdown rate100.00
-137fpm
Impact100.00
1.20G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No wind recorded: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 75 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 18 s, an average deceleration of 0.13 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608010060 kt · 234 m30 kt · 471 mtouchdown490 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,291 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 36 ft, 14 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 396 m in, 91 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,291 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

36 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −136 fpm · 2.1° nose up · 74 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 36 ft, down at 396 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 650 fpm at 44 ft to 140 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 4.5° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−3°4°10°touchdown−136 fpm at touchdown2.1° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 1,291 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline and drifted to 5.9 m right on the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 396 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 396 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 825 m of 1,291 m · 64 %
In the air over the runway, 396 mRollout, 429 m Left over, 467 m
Rollout distance100.00
429m63 % used
Rollout alignment57.79
6.78m R

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