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NZAA
Auckland, New Zealand
Runway 23L
Elevation16 ft asl
Weight18,518 kg
Fuel2,268 kg
Wind300° · 20 kn · 15 kn cross

Flight Score

95.76 %
NZAA
Auckland, New Zealand
Runway 23L
Elevation16 ft asl
Weight20,803 kg
Fuel1,930 kg
Wind300° · 21 kn · 16 kn cross
26 Oct 2026 0:22 13 nm ATR 72 338 kg
Departure Score
91.87 %
Enroute Score
99.99 %
Arrival Score
95.42 %

What went well

Landed straight in a 15 kn crosswind — 0.34 m off the centreline, no bounce
Held the centreline on the roll in a 15 kn crosswind — 2.30 m off at liftoff
Touched down at -125 fpm — a soft arrival

What held you back

Departure Climb 2 — bank angle up to 21.5 ° at 53 %, Heading variation -1.3 ° at 83 %, −1.34 points
Arrival Approach — 500 ft gate 86 %, −1.19 points
Departure Roll — Landing Lights at 0 %, Strobe Lights at 0 %, −0.83 points

Next time

Departure

Roll the wings level with aileron and hold bank within limits as you establish the climb.

What happened: Bank increased to 5.2° during the initial climb, and wings stayed over-banked at 28° into the next climb segment.

Watch for: Attitude indicator bank angle, aiming to keep it near wings-level

See Departure Climb 2Departure Climb 3

Arrival

Fly a steeper descent on final so you cross the threshold at 50 ft.

What happened: You crossed the threshold at 61 ft agl, above the 50 ft agl target. Crossing high like this usually reduces your margin before the touchdown zone ends.

Watch for: Radio altimeter against 50 ft at the threshold.

See Arrival Landing

The rudder input is a changing profile through the roll rather than one that is held. So the demand on your right foot starts large at power application, eases as speed builds and the rudder gains authority, then jumps again at rotation.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 12 stages, 10 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 23L at NZAA Auckland International Airport, Average speed was 9 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 0 kt0 kt min to max 16 kt 0 16 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-0.7 ° min to max -0.5 ° -0.5 -0.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.1 1.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched On 5 ft agl · 9 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 5 ft agl · 13 kt
Departure Roll 90.00Departure roll runway 23L at NZAA Auckland International Airport. Takeoff distance 704 m 19 % of runway. Rotation speed was 112 kt. Local weather - Temperature 21 °C. Wind 21 kt at 300 °. Crosswind: 16 kt Headwind: 14 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 704 m19 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 112 ktTarget 112 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 6.73 m right2.30 m left to 6.73 m right 0.12 2.30 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.08 g 1.00 1.08 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-1.3 ° min to max 5.9 ° -0.7 5.9 °
Info Average bank angle 2.5 °0.9 ° min to max 5.1 ° 1.2 4.3 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Fail Strobe Lights
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23L NZAA Auckland International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.5 °-0.8 ° min to max -0.3 ° -0.3 -0.8 °
100 % Average speed 123 kt118 kt min to max 127 kt 118 127 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.9 °1.0 ° min to max 4.8 ° 4.2 3.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.12 g1.03 g min to max 1.24 g 1.09 1.11 g
Info Average VSI 644 fpm319 fpm min to max 982 fpm 319 982 fpm
Info Average altitude 12 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 29 ft agl 0 29 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.8 °6.2 ° min to max 11.5 ° 6.2 11.5 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 8 ft agl · 118 kt
Departure Climb 2 83.95Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23L NZAA Auckland International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
83 % Heading variation -1.3 °-3.4 ° min to max -0.8 ° -0.8 -3.4 °
100 % Average speed 128 kt127 kt min to max 133 kt 127 133 kt
53 % Average bank angle 5.2 °1.0 ° min to max 21.4 ° 4.1 21.4 °
99.8 % Average g force 1.18 g0.95 g min to max 1.29 g 1.13 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,510 fpm998 fpm min to max 2,503 fpm 998 2,488 fpm
Info Average altitude 81 ft agl30 ft agl min to max 353 ft agl 30 353 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 13.7 °11.8 ° min to max 14.8 ° 11.8 14.8 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 97 ft agl · 129 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 97 ft agl · 129 kt
Departure Climb 3 93.53Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 23L NZAA Auckland International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 133 kt132 kt min to max 133 ktTarget 139 kt, 6 kt slow 133 132 kt
68 % Average bank angle 28.5 °25.4 ° min to max 31.5 ° 25.4 31.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g1.03 g min to max 1.09 g 1.09 1.08 g
100 % Landing gear up at 62 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation -4.5 °-5.0 ° min to max -4.3 ° -4.3 -5.0 °
Info Average VSI 2,521 fpm2,502 fpm min to max 2,545 fpm 2,517 2,502 fpm
Info Average altitude 434 ft agl393 ft agl min to max 476 ft agl 393 476 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 14.2 °13.3 ° min to max 15.3 ° 15.3 13.3 °
Enroute Climb 99.99Enroute climb started overhead NZAA Auckland International Airport Auckland (Auckland, New Zealand). Climbing from 467 ft asl to 989 ft asl, an increase of 522 ft in 1 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 142 kt131 kt min to max 154 kt 133 140 kt
100 % Average bank angle 18.2 °0.1 ° min to max 36.8 ° 32.0 4.4 °
99.9 % Average g force 1.04 g0.78 g min to max 1.35 g 1.08 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 500 fpm-713 fpm min to max 2,651 fpm 2,458 165 fpm
Info Average altitude 943 ft asl467 ft asl min to max 1,030 ft asl 467 989 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.3 °-0.7 ° min to max 14.1 ° 12.1 2.8 °
Info Turn coordination 19-25 min to max 48 -6 19
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south west of Wiri (Auckland, New Zealand) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±550 ft of 989 ft asl857 ft asl min to max 1,149 ft asl 991 867 ft asl
100 % Average speed 132 kt116 kt min to max 144 kt 141 119 kt
100 % Average bank angle 8.0 °0.0 ° min to max 28.3 ° 6.6 5.6 °
99.99 % Average g force 1.02 g0.78 g min to max 1.31 g 1.00 0.96 g
Info Turn coordination 18-6 min to max 76 31 57
Info Average pitch angle 3.1 °-3.5 ° min to max 9.8 ° 2.4 -0.7 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 1,017 ft agl · 144 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 1,044 ft agl · 144 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 974 ft agl · 135 kt
Arrival Approach 85.71Final approach to runway 23L at NZAA Auckland International Airport. Descent from 974 ft agl to 7 ft agl in 104 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed
100 % Landing flappassed
100 % Sink ratepassed
100 % On glideslopepassed
0 % On centrelinefailed
100 % On speedpassed
100 % Wings levelpassed
Arrival Landing 95.97Landing on runway 23L at NZAA Auckland International Airport, runway length 3,671 m. Threshold height at 61 ft agl was above target. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 117 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99.8 % Threshold speed was slightly above target at 117 kt. Target 107 kt
87 % Threshold height at 61 ft agl was above target.Target 50 ft agl
97 % Excellent landing flare
98 % Runway alignment max 16.75 m left16.75 m left to 7.64 m right 16.75 -3.73 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 2.4 ° 2.4 1.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.93 g min to max 1.19 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Average speed 110 kt102 kt min to max 117 kt 117 102 kt
Info Average VSI -426 fpm-757 fpm min to max -134 fpm -757 -135 fpm
Info Average altitude 14 ft agl-9 ft agl min to max 61 ft agl 61 -9 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °1.0 ° min to max 5.0 ° 1.0 2.9 °
07515022530037545052560001224364961Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 100.00Touchdown point was 83 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 102 kt was good. Touchdown rate was smooth at -125 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 3.7 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 19 °C. Wind 17 kt at 300 °. Crosswind: 13 kt Headwind: 11 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -125 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 501 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 102 ktTarget below 109 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 3.73 m right1.91 m right -3.73 -0.34 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.3 ° min to max 1.7 ° 1.7 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.95 g min to max 1.11 g 1.00 1.04 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 102 kt101 kt min to max 102 kt 102 101 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °2.4 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.9 2.5 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 738 m, 20 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 738 m20 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 3.41 m left3.41 m left to 2.16 m right 3.41 -2.16 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 1.00 g
Info Average speed 71 kt46 kt min to max 90 kt 90 46 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °-0.8 ° min to max 3.4 ° 2.5 -0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 1.4 °0.0 ° min to max 3.5 ° 1.2 0.4 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 35 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 19 kt0 kt min to max 46 kt 46 0 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-0.7 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.5 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.4 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Parking Brake On 5 ft agl · 16 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 5 ft agl · 18 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 5 ft agl · 18 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Deactivated 5 ft agl · 18 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 5 ft agl · 19 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Activated 5 ft agl · 18 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 112 kt, on the 112 kt target, and lifted off at 117 kt 1.2 s later, the nose coming up at 5.1° a second. Climb 3 averaged 133 kt, 6 kt under its 139 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 139150 kt10050020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 1126.2° off · 5.1°/s13° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0102030 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 33 kt -0.7° 0 s
80 kt207 m 80 kt -0.8° 8.7 s
Rotate582 m · target 112 112 kt -0.1° 17.2 s
Liftoff647 m · +5 kt from rotation 117 kt 6.2° 18.4 s
35 ft875 m · 4.0 s after liftoff 127 kt 13.4° 22.4 s
Gear up940 m · 62 ft · full marks to 400 ft 128 kt 13.8° 23.4 s
Climb 31,486 m · 393 ft to 476 ft · target 139 133 kt avg 15.3° 32.7 s
End of Climb 31,605 m · 476 ft 132 kt 13.3° 35.1 s

Takeoff from NZAA 23L

Takeoff roll100.00
704m19 %
Rotation speed100.00
112kton target
Liftoff speed
117kt
Runway alignment100.00
6.73m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
62ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
133kttarget 139
Rate of climb100.00
643fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 476 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 2,737 m of runway left; gear up at 62 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,710 fpm on average to 476 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

500 ft250 ft0CLIMB 3133 kt avgtarget 139THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 112 kttarget 112Liftoff 117 ktGear up 62 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 3,671 m runway.

Rolled from 59 m in, drifted 6.9 m right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off, in 15 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 19 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS15 kn75 %widest 6.91 m RROLL 59 M INAirborne 707 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 707 m of 3,671 m · 19 %
Behind the start of the roll, 59 mTakeoff roll, 647 m Left ahead, 2,964 m

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.

Seven checks, one gate500 ft 85.716 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate80 fpm
On glideslope2.8°
On centreline2.9° off
On speed+6.6 kt
Wings level6° bank

At the 500 ft gate: centreline more than 1° off.

When the approach was stable

Never every check met at once: left of the centreline all the way, banked until 3.0 nm, fast from 1.2 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to NZAA 23L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 3.4 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 180 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,114596426276500 ft gate6 of 7on centreline504 ft · 115 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 884 m left of the centreline at 3.4 nm.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND332 m L129 m L66 m L20 m L149 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 27 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 16 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 3.4 nm, where the final began, to 1.2 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +21 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

100120140160 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 108+8 kt+8 kt+14 kt+21 kt+9 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on NZAA 23L

Over the threshold

Threshold height87.47
60ft
Threshold speed99.77
117kttarget 107, 10 fast
Centreline offset98.29
16.75m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
501m
Centreline100.00
3.73m R
Speed100.00
102kttarget 109 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-125fpm
Impact100.00
1.11G
BouncesOk
None
The flare97.33

Excellent landing flare. It lost 2.7 points, for the nose going up and down 3 times.

The crosswind

15 kt across from the right, which takes about 8° of crab to hold the centreline at 102 kt. Touched down with the nose 6° left of the track, away from the wind, wings level.

Wind 300° at 21 kt · 14 kt head · 15 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 92 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 9 s, an average deceleration of 0.38 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608010060 kt · 190 m30 kt · 281 mtouchdown292 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 60 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 19 ft. Touched down 501 m in, 196 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

60 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 19 ft · −441 fpm · 2.6° · 112 ktdescent slowed at 1 ft · −91 fpm · 3.6°−125 fpm · 2.9° nose up · 102 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 60 ft, down at 501 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 440 fpm at the flare to 120 fpm at touchdown. The pitch barely changed.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−125 fpm at touchdown2.9° at touchdown, +0.3° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,671 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline and drifted to 7.7 m left on the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 15 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 501 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 501 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 697 m of 3,671 m · 19 %
In the air over the runway, 501 mRollout, 196 m Left over, 2,975 m
Rollout distance100.00
196m19 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
3.41m L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The ATR-72 taxied to runway 23L at NZAA Auckland International Airport and commenced the take-off roll. The take-off distance was 704 m, which is 19 % of the runway. Rotation occurred at 112 kt. Local weather at departure was temperature 21 °C, wind 21 kt from 300°, giving a cross-wind component of 16 kt and a head-wind component of 14 kt.

Initial climb to 1 000 ft agl took 14 seconds, averaging 1 469 fpm and reaching 132 kt at the top of the climb. The aircraft then climbed from 467 ft asl to 989 ft asl in 1 minute while covering 3 nm, starting overhead NZAA. Level flight was maintained at 1 000 ft asl for 3 minutes, covering 6 nm, beginning 2 miles south-west of Wiri.

During final approach to runway 23L, the descent was from 974 ft agl to 7 ft agl in 104 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1 000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope and speed; they were not met for centreline and wings level (at one gate). The aircraft crossed the threshold at a height of 61 ft agl, which was above target, and at a speed of 117 kt, also above target.

The flare was described as excellent. Touchdown occurred 83 m beyond the touchdown zone with a speed of 102 kt, judged good, and a smooth descent rate of minus 125 fpm. The touchdown point was slightly off centreline by 3.7 m. No bounce was observed. Total landing distance was 738 m, representing 20 % of the runway, and the rollout alignment was very good.

Local weather at landing was temperature 19 °C, wind 17 kt from 300°, giving a cross-wind component of 13 kt and a head-wind component of 11 kt. The flight covered a total of 25 nm, lasted 22 minutes and consumed 338 kg of fuel.

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