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EDDP
Leipzig-Halle, Germany
Runway 26R
Elevation0 ft asl
Fuel51,330 kg
Wind200° · 12 kn · 11 kn cross

Flight Score

90.07 %
KMSP
Minneapolis, United States
Runway 30L
Elevation814 ft asl
Weight100,332 kg
Fuel6,036 kg
Wind320° · 6 kn · 2 kn cross
31 Dec 2023 9:13 3926 nm Unknown 45,294 kg
Departure Score
87.07 %
Enroute Score
96.28 %
Arrival Score
82.46 %

What went well

Touched down at -120 fpm — a soft arrival
1.14 G at touchdown — inside band
Held the centreline on the roll — 1.79 m off at liftoff

What held you back

Departure Taxi — beacon light off should be on; peak taxi speed 49 kt at 0 %, peak speed in a turn 20 kt at 61 %, −3.88 points
Arrival Touchdown — Runway alignment max 48.66 m at 0 %, Touchdown distance was 702 m at 73 %, −2.34 points
Arrival Final 1 — Heading variation -1.9 ° at 29 %, Approach angle 3.0 ° at 80 %, −2.03 points

Next time

Shorten the long landing

See Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 21 stages, 20 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 41.76Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 11 minutes and covered 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Average speed 33 kn0 kn min to max 49 kn 0 34 kn
61 % Average speed turning corners 20 knmax 20 kn 0 0 kn
73 % Average g force 0.92 g0.27 g min to max 1.08 g 1.00 1.00 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.9 ° min to max 1.7 ° -0.2 0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.1 0.1 °

Events

Fail Beacon Light OFF should be ON
Info Battery Master On 15 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Engine 2 Started 15 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 15 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 15 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 15 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 15 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 15 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 15 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 15 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 15 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 15 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 2 15 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 15 ft agl · 19 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 15 ft agl · 10 kt
Departure Roll 99.15Departure roll runway 26R at EDDP Leipzig-Halle. Takeoff distance 11,408 m 318 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 169 kn. Local weather - Temperature 9 °C. Wind 12 kn at 199 °. Crosswind: 11 kn Headwind: 5 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Takeoff distance 11,408 m318 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 169 knTarget 166 kn
96 % Runway alignment max 3.76 m1.00 m left to 2.76 m right -1.35 -1.79 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.16 g 0.99 1.05 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-0.1 ° min to max 5.2 ° 0.1 5.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.1 1.9 °

Events

Fail Taxi Light ON should OFF
Departure Climb 1 98.40Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26R EDDP Leipzig-Halle.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 174 kn170 kn min to max 177 kn 170 177 kn
94 % Average bank angle 3.5 °1.6 ° min to max 4.4 ° 2.6 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.18 g1.09 g min to max 1.22 g 1.09 1.21 g
Info Average VSI 458 ft/m104 ft/m min to max 918 ft/m 104 918 ft/m
Info Average altitude 12 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 32 ft agl 0 32 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.1 °5.9 ° min to max 10.4 ° 5.9 10.4 °
Departure Climb 2 99.28Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26R EDDP Leipzig-Halle.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.1 0.6 °
100 % Average speed 178 kn176 kn min to max 179 kn 178 176 kn
97 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.4 ° min to max 3.1 ° 1.4 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.12 g0.91 g min to max 1.21 g 1.21 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 1,525 ft/m956 ft/m min to max 2,184 ft/m 956 1,860 ft/m
Info Average altitude 104 ft agl34 ft agl min to max 366 ft agl 34 366 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.4 °10.2 ° min to max 12.2 ° 10.5 11.0 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 220 ft agl · 178 kt
Departure Climb 3 96.75Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 26R EDDP Leipzig-Halle.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.9 °0.7 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.7 1.2 °
100 % Average speed 176 kn175 kn min to max 181 kn 176 181 kn
84 % Average bank angle 3.5 °0.3 ° min to max 8.2 ° 0.5 8.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.03 g 0.99 1.02 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 2,213 ft/m1,849 ft/m min to max 2,602 ft/m 1,849 2,602 ft/m
Info Average altitude 671 ft agl396 ft agl min to max 956 ft agl 396 956 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.5 °11.1 ° min to max 13.4 ° 11.1 13.1 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile west of EDDP Leipzig-Halle Leipzig-Halle (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany). Climbing from 1,456 ft asl to 32,341 ft asl, an increase of 30,885 ft in 19 minutes and covering 108 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 277 kn182 kn min to max 326 kn 182 278 kn
100 % Average bank angle 10.3 °0.0 ° min to max 29.7 ° 8.4 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.84 g min to max 1.17 g 1.02 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,759 ft/m824 ft/m min to max 3,411 ft/m 2,661 824 ft/m
Info Average altitude 15,781 ft asl1,456 ft asl min to max 32,341 ft asl 1,456 32,341 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 5.0 °1.2 ° min to max 13.5 ° 13.2 3.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 3,712 ft agl · 218 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 4,060 ft agl · 226 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 5,016 ft agl · 243 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9,698 ft agl · 291 kt
Enroute Level 99.89Enroute level cruise started overhead Ronnenberg (Lower Saxony, Germany) and lasted 24 minutes, covering 174 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99.6 % Average altitude 32,216 ft asl31,949 ft asl min to max 32,452 ft asl 32,432 31,949 ft asl
100 % Average speed 282 kn278 kn min to max 282 kn 278 282 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.02 g 0.97 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °1.5 ° min to max 2.0 ° 2.0 1.7 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 8 miles north west of Hoorn (Provincie Friesland, The Netherlands). Descent from 31,948 ft asl to 31,720 ft asl, a decrease of 228 ft in 1 minutes and covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 279 kn272 kn min to max 282 kn 282 276 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -345 ft/m-882 ft/m min to max 30 ft/m -6 -882 ft/m
Info Average altitude 31,885 ft asl31,720 ft asl min to max 31,948 ft asl 31,948 31,720 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °0.8 ° min to max 1.7 ° 1.7 1.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 99.20Enroute level cruise started 3 miles east of Terschellinger Bank (Provincie Friesland, The Netherlands) and lasted 320 minutes, covering 2,323 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
97 % Average altitude 31,661 ft asl31,448 ft asl min to max 32,037 ft asl 31,656 32,011 ft asl
100 % Average speed 282 kn279 kn min to max 283 kn 279 282 kn
100 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.0 ° min to max 25.4 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.14 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °0.5 ° min to max 2.2 ° 1.7 0.6 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 8 miles south of Pike Lake (Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada). Descent from 32,012 ft asl to 31,649 ft asl, a decrease of 363 ft in 1 minutes and covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 281 kn278 kn min to max 282 kn 282 282 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -439 ft/m-1,000 ft/m min to max 8 ft/m 0 -240 ft/m
Info Average altitude 31,867 ft asl31,649 ft asl min to max 32,012 ft asl 32,012 31,649 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-0.6 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 3 96.21Enroute level cruise started 34 miles east of Churchill Falls (Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada) and lasted 566 minutes, covering 1,183 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
87 % Average altitude 32,477 ft asl31,627 ft asl min to max 32,612 ft asl 31,630 32,612 ft asl
100 % Average speed 282 kn282 kn min to max 282 kn 282 282 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 19.8 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.97 g min to max 1.09 g 1.01 0.98 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.6 0.0 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 4 miles west of Colby (Wisconsin, United States). Climbing from 32,612 ft asl to 32,834 ft asl, an increase of 222 ft in 1 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 282 kn279 kn min to max 286 kn 282 279 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.09 g 0.98 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 263 ft/m1 ft/m min to max 973 ft/m 13 1 ft/m
Info Average altitude 32,723 ft asl32,612 ft asl min to max 32,834 ft asl 32,612 32,834 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.3 ° 0.0 0.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 4 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south of Owen (Wisconsin, United States) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 11 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 32,839 ft asl32,834 ft asl min to max 32,849 ft asl 32,835 32,839 ft asl
100 % Average speed 278 kn278 kn min to max 278 kn 278 278 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.87 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 0.87 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-1.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 -1.1 °
Enroute Descent 3 60.00Enroute descent started 1 mile south east of 97WI North Fork Thorp (Wisconsin, United States). Descent from 32,515 ft asl to 6,638 ft asl, a decrease of 25,877 ft in 14 minutes and covering 80 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Average speed 274 kn209 kn min to max 313 kn 279 215 kn
100 % Average bank angle 6.2 °0.0 ° min to max 23.1 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.90 g min to max 1.15 g 0.90 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -1,487 ft/m-4,508 ft/m min to max 8 ft/m -2,930 -933 ft/m
Info Average altitude 14,869 ft asl6,638 ft asl min to max 32,515 ft asl 32,515 6,638 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.9 °-5.8 ° min to max 2.0 ° -4.1 0.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 9,334 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 8,246 ft agl · 291 kt
Enroute Level 5 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south east of Saint Marys Point (Minnesota, United States) and lasted less than 1 minute. , covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 6,538 ft asl6,528 ft asl min to max 6,557 ft asl 6,557 6,528 ft asl
100 % Average speed 210 kn209 kn min to max 211 kn 211 209 kn
100 % Average bank angle 17.0 °0.0 ° min to max 25.5 ° 0.1 17.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g1.00 g min to max 1.12 g 1.03 1.02 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °2.3 ° min to max 3.3 ° 2.4 2.3 °
Enroute Descent 4 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile north west of 6WI2 St Croix Riviera River Falls (Wisconsin, United States). Descent from 6,524 ft asl to 2,791 ft asl, a decrease of 3,733 ft in 4 minutes and covering 13 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 168 kn117 kn min to max 216 kn 209 118 kn
100 % Average bank angle 7.1 °0.0 ° min to max 28.2 ° 13.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.11 g 0.98 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -834 ft/m-1,524 ft/m min to max 234 ft/m -179 -142 ft/m
Info Average altitude 4,203 ft asl2,791 ft asl min to max 6,524 ft asl 6,524 2,791 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °-0.4 ° min to max 7.1 ° 1.9 5.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 3,628 ft agl · 224 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 3,568 ft agl · 214 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 3,560 ft agl · 197 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 3,055 ft agl · 153 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3,010 ft agl · 147 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 1,967 ft agl · 130 kt
Enroute Level 6 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south west of Inver Grove Heights (Minnesota, United States) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 2,657 ft asl2,580 ft asl min to max 2,780 ft asl 2,780 2,580 ft asl
100 % Average speed 121 kn119 kn min to max 123 kn 119 121 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 3.0 ° 0.0 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.92 g min to max 1.06 g 0.99 0.95 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 4.7 °2.9 ° min to max 7.8 ° 5.6 3.3 °
Arrival 100.00Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started 2 miles south west of Inver Grove Heights (Minnesota, United States).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 121 kn119 kn min to max 122 kn 121 122 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.9 ° 1.4 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.06 g 0.95 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -798 ft/m-1,072 ft/m min to max -459 ft/m -485 -761 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,803 ft asl1,140 ft asl min to max 2,571 ft asl 2,571 1,140 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °0.9 ° min to max 4.2 ° 2.7 2.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 81.75Approaching runway 30L at KMSP Minneapolis-St Paul Intl from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 313 ft agl to 64 ft agl. A decrease of 249 ft in 24 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
80 % Approach angle 3.0 °2.7 ° min to max 3.4 °Target 3.0 ° 3.0 3.4 °
100 % Average speed 121 kn121 kn min to max 121 kn 121 121 kn
29 % Heading variation -1.9 °-2.3 ° min to max -1.8 ° -2.3 -1.8 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 2.3 ° 0.5 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.07 g 1.01 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -500 ft/m-762 ft/m min to max -399 ft/m -762 -399 ft/m
Info Average altitude 109 ft agl64 ft agl min to max 313 ft agl 313 64 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °2.8 ° min to max 4.1 ° 3.1 3.1 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-120-90-60-300306090120Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 86.72Landing on runway 30L at KMSP Minneapolis-St Paul Intl, runway length 3,043 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was a little below target at 121 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was a little below target at 121 kn. Target 138 kn
71 % Landing and flare profile
50 % Heading variation -1.5 °-1.8 ° min to max -1.2 ° -1.8 -1.2 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.5 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.06 g 1.02 0.98 g
Info Average speed 120 kn115 kn min to max 121 kn 121 115 kn
Info Average VSI -234 ft/m-398 ft/m min to max -110 ft/m -398 -120 ft/m
Info Average altitude 18 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 43 ft agl 43 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °3.0 ° min to max 5.8 ° 3.1 5.6 °
07515022530037545052560067575082501122334455Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750825-40-32-24-16-80816243240Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 78.92Touchdown point was 276 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 115 kn was good. Touchdown rate was smooth at -120 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was excessively misaligned by 48.7 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature -4 °C. Wind 6 kn at 320 °. Crosswind: 2 kn Headwind: 6 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
93 % Touchdown VSI was -120 ft/m.
73 % Touchdown distance was 702 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 115 knTarget 135 kn
0 % Runway alignment max 48.66 m47.78 m right -48.66 -47.02 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.2 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g0.98 g min to max 1.14 g 0.98 1.06 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 114 kn114 kn min to max 115 kn 115 114 kn
Info Average pitch angle 5.6 °5.6 ° min to max 5.7 ° 5.6 5.6 °

Takeoff from EDDP 26R

Taxi out

Taxi speed30.63
49kt peak20 kt in turns

The roll

Runway alignment95.73
2.76m R

Liftoff and climb

35 ft
178ktat 10.5°, 2.5 s after liftoff
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Bank after liftoff93.61
4.4°steepest

Plan view the roll down the 3,590 m runway.

Rolled from 183 m in, drifted 2.5 m right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 51 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 2.45 m RROLL 183 M INAirborne 1,847 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,847 m of 3,590 m · 51 %
Behind the start of the roll, 183 mTakeoff roll, 1,663 m Left ahead, 1,744 m

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 958 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,519 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,990 fpm on average to 958 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120140KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 170 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

210 kt14070020°10°0°LIFTOFFheld 11.7°5.9° off11° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb attitude heldClimb 3

The approach to KMSP 30L

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 310 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,6321,130705528369185
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 531 m right of the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND531 m R439 m R312 m R255 m R202 m R146 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on KMSP 30L

Over the threshold

Threshold height95.98
43ft
Threshold speed100.00
121kt
Centreline offset49.60
0.54m R
Bank100.00
1.0°steepest

Touchdown

Past threshold71.68
716m
Centreline0.00
48.66m R
Speed100.00
114kt
Touchdown rate92.66
-120fpm
Impact100.00
1.14G
BouncesOk
None
Bank100.00
0.7°as the wheels touched

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 43 ft, close to the 50 ft target. Touched down 716 m in, 411 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

43 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −119 fpm · 5.6° nose up · 115 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 43 ft, down at 716 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 370 fpm at 44 ft to 120 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.4° on the way down. Into 44 ft at 121 kt and 115 kt at touchdown.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−119 fpm at touchdown5.6° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,043 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 47 m right of the centreline. Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 320° at 6 kt · 6 kt head · 1 kt across

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 716 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 716 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 716 m of 3,043 m · 24 %
In the air over the runway, 716 mRollout, 0 m Left over, 2,327 m

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