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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Raise the gear lever promptly once a positive rate of climb is confirmed after liftoff.
What happened: The landing gear was never raised during the initial climb and was still down when the climb ended.
Watch for: Landing gear lever: UP promptly after confirming a positive rate of climb.
Arrival
Close the throttles earlier on final so you cross the threshold at 120 kt rather than carrying excess speed.
What happened: The aircraft crossed the threshold at 140 kt, 20 kt above the 120 kt target, and the nose was then only raised 0.5° in the flare, taking out little of the sink. Crossing the threshold fast like this usually carries extra energy into a flare that barely arrests the sink, and that combination usually ends in a firm touchdown.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 120 kt at the threshold.
Make sure that you retract the landing gear once you have a positive rate of climb and there is no usable runway left to land back on.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 17 stages, 16 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 106 kt, 4 kt below the 110 kt target, and lifted off at 150 kt 6.2 s later, the nose coming up at 0.9° a second. Climb 3 averaged 220 kt, 33 kt over its 187 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 899 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 782 m of runway left; then climbing at 2,260 fpm on average to 899 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 2,121 m runway.
Rolled from 47 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 3 m at the widest, and lifted off 2.1 m right. Airborne 40 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
At the 1,000 ft gate: sink rate more than 600 fpm beyond what the glideslope needed.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 3.1 to 1.1 nm, then not again: fast from 1.1 nm and right of the centreline from 0.3 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 160 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 5× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band from 4 nm to 0.3 nm, then 11 m right of it from 0.3 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 30 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 18 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 1.1 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +20 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare strayed well off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 0.5° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 598 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
5 kt across from the left, which takes about 2° of crab to hold the centreline at 129 kt. Touched down with the nose 3° into wind, wings level.
Wind 300° at 6 kt · 0 kt head · 5 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 131 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 33 s, an average deceleration of 0.16 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,745 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 47 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 22 ft. Touched down 598 m in, 293 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,745 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink stayed between 240 fpm and 320 fpm from the flare to the runway. The pitch barely changed.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,745 m of the 3,502 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 6 m right of the centreline, and steered back to 1.8 m left by the end of the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Touched down 598 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 323 fpm arrival was firm.
The rest of the report
The Learjet 35 taxied from the parking area to runway 26 at CYKF for 7 minutes, covering approximately 2 nm before lining up for departure.
During the departure roll on runway 26, the aircraft accelerated over 883 m, representing 42 % of the runway length, and lifted off at 150 kt. Ambient conditions were 20 °C with a wind of 4 kt from 290°, including a 3 kt cross-wind component and a 3 kt head-wind component.
The initial climb commenced about 1 nm south-west of CYKF, climbing from 1,986 ft asl to 30,883 ft asl - a gain of 28,896 ft - in 10 minutes while traversing 57 nm.
A brief level cruise began roughly 3 nm south-west of CNS6 Straffordville Airport and lasted 2 minutes, during which the aircraft covered 10 nm.
A second climb segment started 5 nm east of Port Stanley, raising altitude from 31,166 ft asl to 31,992 ft asl, an increase of 826 ft achieved in 2 minutes over a distance of 11 nm.
The subsequent cruise phase originated about 4 nm east of COS2 Iona Station (Bobier Strip) and continued for 8 minutes, during which 52 nm were flown.
Descent began overhead Algonac, Michigan, with the jet descending from 31,999 ft asl to 1,986 ft asl - a loss of 30,013 ft - in 18 minutes while covering 95 nm.
Following the descent, a short level cruise was flown 2 nm south-east of 71MI Johnston Airport, lasting 3 minutes and adding 7 nm to the flight path.
On final approach to runway 04R at KDTW, the aircraft descended from 1,352 ft agl to 62 ft agl in 104 seconds and met the stabilisation gate criteria.
Landing on runway 04R, which is 3,502 m long, occurred with a threshold speed of 140 kt. Touchdown was recorded 185 m beyond the touchdown zone at 129 kt, with a firm vertical speed of minus 316 fpm and a lateral deviation of 6.4 m from the centreline. Local weather at the time was 20 °C with a wind of 6 kt from 300°, a 5 kt cross-wind component and no head-wind. The total landing roll measured 1,668 m, equivalent to 48 % of the runway length, and rollout alignment was reported as very good.
The aircraft taxied from the runway to the parking area in 4 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
In summary, the flight covered 241 nm, required 55 minutes of elapsed time, and consumed 575 kg of fuel.
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