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KIAG
Niagara Falls, United States
Runway 28L
Elevation581 ft asl
Weight679 kg
Fuel35 kg
Wind210° · 23 kn · 20 kn cross

Flight Score

92.70 %
CZBA
Burlington, Canada
Runway 32
Elevation591 ft asl
Weight671 kg
Fuel26 kg
Wind228° · 15 kn · 15 kn cross
2 Nov 2023 0:39 45 nm Cessna 152 9 kg
Departure Score
96.03 %
Enroute Score
98.51 %
Arrival Score
80.84 %

What went well

Held the centreline in a 14 kn crosswind — 3.14 m off at touchdown
Held the centreline on the roll in a 21 kn crosswind — 3.11 m off at liftoff
Touched down at -29 fpm — a soft arrival

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Landing and flare profile at 3 %, Threshold speed was a little below target at 54 kn at 89 %, −2.48 points
Arrival Final 2 — Approach angle 4.2 ° at 0 %, bank angle up to 7.3 ° at 88 %, −1.80 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 2.2 ° at 0 %, bank angle up to 7.1 ° at 89 %, −1.27 points

Next time

Hold the approach angle

See Arrival Final 1

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 22 stages, 20 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 4 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 10 kn0 kn min to max 13 kn 0 4 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 9 knmax 10 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.00 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.3 0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.1 0.0 °

Events

Fail Beacon Light OFF should be ON
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 12 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 14 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 20 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 32 kt
Departure Roll 83.83Departure roll runway 28L at KIAG Niagara Falls Intl. Takeoff distance 1,173 m 97 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 78 kn. Local weather - Temperature 9 °C. Wind 23 kn at 210 °. Crosswind: 20 kn Headwind: 11 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
10 % Takeoff distance 1,173 m97 % of runway
25 % Liftoff speed was 78 knTarget 56 kn
95 % Runway alignment max 3.25 m3.11 m left to 0.14 m right 0.12 3.11 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.05 g 1.00 1.05 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.3 1.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.2 °

Events

Fail Strobe Light OFF should be ON
Fail Taxi Light ON should OFF
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 28L KIAG Niagara Falls Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.3 ° -0.4 -0.3 °
100 % Average speed 84 kn78 kn min to max 86 kn 78 86 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.2 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.2 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.84 g min to max 1.17 g 1.07 1.08 g
Info Average VSI 569 ft/m386 ft/m min to max 635 ft/m 386 609 ft/m
Info Average altitude 20 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 46 ft agl 0 46 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.8 °2.0 ° min to max 6.5 ° 2.0 5.6 °
Departure Climb 2 97.72Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 28L KIAG Niagara Falls Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-1.4 ° min to max 0.6 ° -0.3 -1.4 °
100 % Average speed 84 kn79 kn min to max 87 kn 86 82 kn
91 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.1 ° min to max 5.5 ° 1.4 4.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.08 g 1.08 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 697 ft/m510 ft/m min to max 931 ft/m 616 931 ft/m
Info Average altitude 123 ft agl55 ft agl min to max 393 ft agl 55 393 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.8 °5.0 ° min to max 8.6 ° 5.7 8.3 °
Departure Climb 3 98.61Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 28L KIAG Niagara Falls Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -1.6 °-1.6 ° min to max -1.6 ° -1.6 -1.6 °
100 % Average speed 83 kn80 kn min to max 84 kn 84 84 kn
93 % Average bank angle 3.1 °1.4 ° min to max 4.6 ° 3.4 4.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.04 g 0.98 0.98 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,137 ft/m1,032 ft/m min to max 1,201 ft/m 1,032 1,201 ft/m
Info Average altitude 424 ft agl404 ft agl min to max 445 ft agl 404 445 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.0 °8.8 ° min to max 9.1 ° 8.8 9.1 °
Enroute Climb 99.74Enroute climb started overhead KIAG Niagara Falls Intl Niagara Falls (New York, United States). Climbing from 1,053 ft asl to 5,096 ft asl, an increase of 4,043 ft in 6 minutes and covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Climb speed 80 kn70 kn min to max 87 knTarget 84 kn 83 87 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.0 ° min to max 7.5 ° 1.5 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.81 g min to max 1.19 g 1.07 0.95 g
Info Average VSI 758 ft/m-547 ft/m min to max 1,420 ft/m 1,161 -547 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,210 ft asl1,053 ft asl min to max 5,096 ft asl 1,053 5,096 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.2 °-3.2 ° min to max 13.7 ° 9.9 -3.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles west of Lewiston (Niagara County, New York, United States). Descent from 4,999 ft asl to 3,917 ft asl, a decrease of 1,082 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 94 kn90 kn min to max 105 kn 90 104 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 8.9 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.06 g 0.96 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -480 ft/m-904 ft/m min to max -67 ft/m -404 -67 ft/m
Info Average altitude 4,421 ft asl3,917 ft asl min to max 4,999 ft asl 4,999 3,917 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.1 °-5.0 ° min to max -0.3 ° -1.6 -0.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 99.60Enroute level cruise started overhead CYSN St Catharines\/Niagara District St Catharines (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 10 minutes, covering 15 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Average altitude 3,905 ft asl3,799 ft asl min to max 4,219 ft asl 3,914 4,219 ft asl
100 % Average speed 102 kn99 kn min to max 105 kn 105 99 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 6.2 ° 0.6 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.1 0.6 °
Enroute Climb 2 87.47Enroute climb started 11 miles north west of Port Weller (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 4,259 ft asl to 4,435 ft asl, an increase of 175 ft in 1 minutes and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
69 % Climb speed 100 kn99 kn min to max 102 knTarget 84 kn 102 100 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.6 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 260 ft/m169 ft/m min to max 454 ft/m 256 198 ft/m
Info Average altitude 4,359 ft asl4,259 ft asl min to max 4,435 ft asl 4,259 4,435 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °0.4 ° min to max 1.5 ° 0.5 1.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 10 miles south east of Rattray Park Estates (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 4 minutes, covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 4,530 ft asl4,461 ft asl min to max 4,569 ft asl 4,461 4,516 ft asl
100 % Average speed 101 kn99 kn min to max 104 kn 100 104 kn
100 % Average bank angle 3.4 °0.0 ° min to max 7.3 ° 1.2 2.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.04 g 0.99 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-1.8 ° min to max 2.3 ° 0.8 0.5 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 4,313 ft agl · 101 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 4,312 ft agl · 104 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 6 miles south east of Oakville (Halton, Ontario, Canada). Descent from 4,511 ft asl to 2,017 ft asl, a decrease of 2,494 ft in 5 minutes and covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 99 kn95 kn min to max 108 kn 102 97 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 2.3 ° 2.3 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.06 g 0.99 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -407 ft/m-887 ft/m min to max 20 ft/m -97 -238 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,753 ft asl2,017 ft asl min to max 4,511 ft asl 4,511 2,017 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.9 °-5.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° -0.2 -2.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 1,813 ft agl · 96 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 4 miles east of Burlington (Halton, Ontario, Canada) and lasted less than 1 minute. , covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,971 ft asl1,907 ft asl min to max 2,014 ft asl 2,014 1,907 ft asl
100 % Average speed 96 kn94 kn min to max 98 kn 97 97 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 3.4 ° 0.7 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 1.02 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -1.8 °-2.3 ° min to max -1.2 ° -2.0 -2.1 °
Enroute Descent 3 100.00Enroute descent started 3 miles east of Burlington (Halton, Ontario, Canada). Descent from 1,901 ft asl to 1,668 ft asl, a decrease of 233 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 95 kn91 kn min to max 98 kn 96 91 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.9 °0.1 ° min to max 5.1 ° 0.3 3.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.12 g 0.98 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -455 ft/m-681 ft/m min to max -188 ft/m -349 -188 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,787 ft asl1,668 ft asl min to max 1,901 ft asl 1,901 1,668 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.9 °-2.7 ° min to max 0.9 ° -2.2 0.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 4 99.77Enroute level cruise started 3 miles east of Burlington (Halton, Ontario, Canada) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,507 ft asl1,342 ft asl min to max 1,665 ft asl 1,665 1,344 ft asl
100 % Average speed 84 kn79 kn min to max 91 kn 90 81 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.0 ° min to max 7.2 ° 3.4 1.2 °
98 % Average g force 1.01 g0.83 g min to max 1.29 g 0.96 0.84 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-2.6 ° min to max 3.4 ° 0.3 -0.2 °
Arrival 100.00Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started 3 miles east of Burlington (Halton, Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 82 kn80 kn min to max 83 kn 80 82 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.5 ° min to max 3.3 ° 0.5 3.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.83 g min to max 1.10 g 0.89 0.83 g
Info Average VSI -300 ft/m-385 ft/m min to max -199 ft/m -199 -385 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,318 ft asl1,296 ft asl min to max 1,340 ft asl 1,340 1,296 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.0 °-1.8 ° min to max 0.3 ° -1.4 -1.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 2 67.56Approaching runway 32 at CZBA Burlington Airpark from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 692 ft agl to 490 ft agl. A decrease of 202 ft in 28 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 4.2 °4.0 ° min to max 4.6 °Target 3.0 ° 4.0 4.6 °
100 % Average speed 83 kn79 kn min to max 86 kn 81 85 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -0.3 °
88 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.0 ° min to max 7.3 ° 2.0 1.7 °
99 % Average g force 1.00 g0.80 g min to max 1.27 g 0.96 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -433 ft/m-651 ft/m min to max -270 ft/m -404 -403 ft/m
Info Average altitude 592 ft agl490 ft agl min to max 692 ft agl 692 490 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.4 °-3.1 ° min to max 1.0 ° -1.5 -2.3 °
11.251.51.752400450500550600650Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 77.16Approaching runway 32 at CZBA Burlington Airpark from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 481 ft agl to 14 ft agl. A decrease of 467 ft in 40 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 2.2 °1.0 ° min to max 4.7 °Target 3.0 ° 4.6 1.0 °
100 % Average speed 61 kn54 kn min to max 87 kn 86 54 kn
97 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.3 ° -0.3 0.2 °
89 % Average bank angle 2.4 °0.1 ° min to max 7.1 ° 0.2 1.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.87 g min to max 1.21 g 0.96 1.15 g
Info Average VSI -524 ft/m-1,055 ft/m min to max -302 ft/m -494 -302 ft/m
Info Average altitude 95 ft agl14 ft agl min to max 481 ft agl 481 14 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.1 °-6.4 ° min to max 2.7 ° -2.8 2.7 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 412 ft agl · 84 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 355 ft agl · 80 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 55.35Landing on runway 32 at CZBA Burlington Airpark, runway length 1,020 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was a little below target at 54 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
89 % Threshold speed was a little below target at 54 kn. Target 60 kn
3 % Landing and flare profile
99 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.2 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.2 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.6 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.89 g min to max 1.15 g 1.15 1.05 g
Info Average speed 52 kn50 kn min to max 54 kn 54 50 kn
Info Average VSI -144 ft/m-292 ft/m min to max -15 ft/m -292 -29 ft/m
Info Average altitude 4 ft agl-2 ft agl min to max 14 ft agl 14 -2 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °0.5 ° min to max 3.8 ° 2.9 3.8 °
07515001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150-18-15-12-9-6-30369121518Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 87.85Touchdown distance was good at 236 m. Touchdown speed at 50 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was perfect at -29 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 3.1 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 9 °C. Wind 15 kn at 227 °. Crosswind: 15 kn Headwind: 2 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was -29 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 236 mTarget 457 m
44 % Speed at touchdown 50 knTarget 44 kn
94 % Runway alignment max 3.14 m3.10 m left 3.07 3.14 m
99.5 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.3 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g1.03 g min to max 1.10 g 1.05 1.03 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 50 kn50 kn min to max 50 kn 50 50 kn
Info Average pitch angle 3.6 °3.3 ° min to max 3.8 ° 3.8 3.3 °
Arrival Rollout 97.11Total landing distance 419 m, 41 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 419 m41 % of runway.
94 % Runway alignment max 3.39 m3.39 m left to 0.00 m left 3.15 3.18 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 1.00 g
Info Average speed 50 kn32 kn min to max 54 kn 54 32 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °0.2 ° min to max 4.2 ° 3.4 0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.3 0.2 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 3 ft agl · 43 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 2 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 12 kn6 kn min to max 28 kn 28 11 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.3 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.2 0.5 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 20 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 19 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 18 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 5 kn4 kn min to max 7 kn 7 4 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.6 ° -0.4 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.2 °

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 77 kt with 2.0° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF2.0° off5° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 2 kt 0.3° 0 s
Liftoff442 m 77 kt 2.0° 27.0 s
35 ft592 m · 4.1 s after liftoff 84 kt 5.0° 31.1 s
End of Climb 31,717 m · 445 ft 84 kt 9.1° 63 s

Takeoff from KIAG 28L

Takeoff roll100.00
482m40 %
Liftoff speed24.60
77kt
Runway alignment94.54
3.11m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
568fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 445 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 569 m of runway left; then climbing at 740 fpm on average to 445 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

500 ft250 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END3040506070KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 77 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 1,203 m runway.

Rolled from 42 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 3.2 m at the widest, and lifted off 3.2 m left, in 21 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 40 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS21 kn75 %widest 3.16 m LROLL 42 M INAirborne 484 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 484 m of 1,203 m · 40 %
Behind the start of the roll, 42 mTakeoff roll, 442 m Left ahead, 719 m

The approach to CZBA 32

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 310 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,019913783691535313
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 159 m right of the centreline, then inside it from 3.8 to 2.2 nm, then drifted 73 m right between 2.2 and 2.0 nm, then inside the band from 2.0 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND159 m R84 m R62 m R13 m R18 m R1 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on CZBA 32

Over the threshold

Threshold height30.64
13ft
Threshold speed88.52
53kt
Centreline offset98.93
0.07m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
239m
Centreline94.41
3.14m L
Speed43.58
50kt
Touchdown rate100.00
-29fpm
Impact100.00
1.10G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

14 kt across from the left, which takes about 16° of crab to hold the centreline at 50 kt. Touched down straight - the crab taken out before the wheels touched, wings level.

Wind 228° at 15 kt · 2 kt head · 14 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 54 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 9 s, an average deceleration of 0.15 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

020406030 kt · 199 mtouchdown207 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,020 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 13 ft, 37 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 239 m in, 66 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,020 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

13 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −29 fpm · 3.8° nose up · 50 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 13 ft, down at 239 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 210 fpm at 24 ft to 30 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.1° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−29 fpm at touchdown3.8° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 1,020 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 3.1 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 3.4 m left at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 14 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 239 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 239 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 406 m of 1,020 m · 40 %
In the air over the runway, 239 mRollout, 167 m Left over, 615 m
Rollout distance100.00
167m40 % used
Rollout alignment93.57
3.39m L

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