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EGPE
Inverness, Scotland
Runway 05
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight1,079 kg
Fuel214 kg
Wind273° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

91.20 %
EGPE
Inverness, Scotland
Runway 23
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight1,078 kg
Fuel212 kg
Wind273° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
22 Jan 2026 0:03 2 nm Piper PA-24-250 Comanche 1 kg
Departure Score
93.49 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
80.12 %

What went well

Touched down at -78 fpm — a soft arrival
Straight touchdown — 1.46 m off the centreline, no bounce
Rollout controlled — 47 % of the runway used

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Flare profile at 0 %, bank angle up to 30.9 ° at 24 %, −3.23 points
Arrival Final 1 — Heading variation -6.7 ° at 0 %, bank angle up to 28.3 ° at 32 %, −2.97 points
Departure Climb 3 — gear not retracted; Landing gear up at 0 %, bank angle up to 18.1 ° at 58 %, −1.23 points

Next time

Departure

Use smaller, smoother aileron inputs to hold the climb bank angle near wings-level.

What happened: During Climb 3 the bank angle averaged 3.1°, well beyond a steady wings-level climb.

Watch for: Attitude indicator - bank angle, keeping it close to wings-level through the climb.

See Departure Climb 3

Arrival

Fly the flare as one continuous check of the sink rate from 27 ft, holding back pressure steadily rather than adjusting pitch piecemeal.

What happened: The flare drifted away from its intended profile rather than tracking it smoothly from 27 ft down to touchdown.

Watch for: Watch radio altitude and VSI through the flare, aiming to arrest the sink smoothly from 27 ft to touchdown.

See Arrival Landing

Arrive slow and the sink rate at the threshold is already above schedule, the flare is short because there is no energy to extend it, and the touchdown is hard in a way that feels exactly like a late flare. Diagnosing a slow arrival as a late flare is the catastrophic misread: you respond by flaring earlier, which bleeds more speed, which makes the next one worse. The tiebreaker is threshold speed against VRef, not feel. Never diagnose a flare without it.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 12 stages, 10 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 0 kt0 kt min to max 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 4.0 °4.0 ° min to max 4.0 ° 4.0 4.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.6 °0.6 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.6 °
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 05 at EGPE Inverness Airport, Average speed was 10 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 18 kt3 kt min to max 40 kt 7 40 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.7 °3.6 ° min to max 4.0 ° 3.6 3.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 0.86 g0.58 g min to max 1.05 g 0.98 0.58 g
Departure Roll 89.49Departure roll runway 05 at EGPE Inverness Airport. Takeoff distance 274 m 15 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 61 kt. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kt at 273 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Tailwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 274 m15 % of runway
99 % Liftoff speed was 61 ktTarget 70 kt
80 % Runway alignment max 8.42 m left8.42 m left to 0.00 m left 7.57 7.65 m
86 % Average g force 0.26 g0.02 g min to max 1.24 g 0.57 1.00 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °2.0 ° min to max 3.6 ° 3.6 2.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.4 °

Events

Fail Strobe Lights
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 05 EGPE Inverness Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.8 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.8 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 69 kt61 kt min to max 73 kt 61 73 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.4 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.89 g min to max 1.03 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 419 fpm264 fpm min to max 608 fpm 264 608 fpm
Info Average altitude 14 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 35 ft agl 0 35 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.6 °3.0 ° min to max 6.6 ° 3.0 6.6 °
Departure Climb 2 96.41Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 05 EGPE Inverness Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
89 % Heading variation 0.7 °0.1 ° min to max 2.9 ° 0.1 2.9 °
100 % Average speed 71 kt65 kt min to max 73 kt 73 71 kt
97 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 3.2 ° 0.8 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.89 g min to max 1.02 g 0.99 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 834 fpm617 fpm min to max 1,255 fpm 617 745 fpm
Info Average altitude 107 ft agl36 ft agl min to max 365 ft agl 36 365 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.1 °6.0 ° min to max 11.2 ° 6.6 7.2 °
Departure Climb 3 81.53Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 05 EGPE Inverness Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 3.0 °2.2 ° min to max 3.0 ° 3.0 2.2 °
100 % Average speed 72 kt68 kt min to max 78 kt 71 73 kt
58 % Average bank angle 3.1 °0.1 ° min to max 18.1 ° 1.7 18.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.93 g0.83 g min to max 1.01 g 0.95 0.94 g
0 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 562 fpm22 fpm min to max 946 fpm 874 266 fpm
Info Average altitude 514 ft agl389 ft agl min to max 645 ft agl 389 645 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.8 °0.8 ° min to max 8.1 ° 8.0 2.0 °

Events

Fail Gear Not Retracted
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Ardersier (Highland, Scotland). Climbing from 561 ft asl to 291 ft asl, an increase of 271 ft in 1 minutes and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 84 kt74 kt min to max 88 kt 74 87 kt
100 % Average bank angle 26.0 °14.7 ° min to max 31.0 ° 19.6 14.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.90 g min to max 1.13 g 0.95 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -449 fpm-1,877 fpm min to max 153 fpm 153 -1,877 fpm
Info Average altitude 508 ft asl291 ft asl min to max 563 ft asl 561 291 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.5 °-11.3 ° min to max 1.3 ° 1.3 -11.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 64.31Approaching runway 23 at EGPE Inverness Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 233 ft agl to 25 ft agl. A decrease of 208 ft in 8 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
90 % Approach angle 3.7 °1.4 ° min to max 5.8 °Target 3.0 ° 5.8 1.4 °
100 % Average speed 87 kt84 kt min to max 89 kt 88 84 kt
0 % Heading variation -6.7 °-10.5 ° min to max -2.4 ° -10.5 -2.4 °
32 % Average bank angle 28.3 °28.3 ° min to max 28.3 ° 28.3 28.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.06 g 0.96 1.06 g
Info Average VSI -1,383 fpm-1,851 fpm min to max -922 fpm -1,851 -922 fpm
Info Average altitude 118 ft agl25 ft agl min to max 233 ft agl 233 25 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -7.7 °-10.7 ° min to max -4.8 ° -10.7 -4.8 °
00.250.50.751050100150200Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-430-323-215-1080108215323430Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 61.29Landing on runway 23 at EGPE Inverness Airport, runway length 1,814 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was too high at 83 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Threshold speed was too high at 83 kt. Target 68 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
0 % Very poor landing flare
54 % Runway alignment max 0.51 m right0.08 m left to 0.51 m right -0.51 -0.02 m
24 % Average bank angle 6.2 °0.0 ° min to max 30.9 ° 30.9 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.87 g min to max 1.41 g 1.08 0.94 g
Info Average speed 65 kt44 kt min to max 83 kt 83 44 kt
Info Average VSI -358 fpm-966 fpm min to max 24 fpm -851 -12 fpm
Info Average altitude -94 ft agl-116 ft agl min to max 13 ft agl 13 -116 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °-5.9 ° min to max 8.6 ° -4.3 8.6 °
075150225300375450525600675750825024477195118Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750825-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 95.88Touchdown point was 245 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 44 kt was good. Touchdown rate was perfect at -12 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kt at 273 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -12 fpm.
75 % Touchdown distance was 686 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 44 ktTarget below 62 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.50 m right1.48 m right -1.47 -1.46 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.2 °
93 % Average g force 0.54 g0.25 g min to max 0.94 g 0.94 0.25 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 43 kt42 kt min to max 44 kt 44 42 kt
Info Average pitch angle 8.5 °8.2 ° min to max 8.8 ° 8.6 8.2 °
Arrival Rollout 99.00Total landing distance 863 m, 48 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 863 m48 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 1.45 m right0.00 m left to 1.45 m right -1.45 -0.79 m
90 % Average g force 0.26 g0.15 g min to max 0.71 g 0.23 0.71 g
Info Average speed 46 kt34 kt min to max 50 kt 50 34 kt
Info Average pitch angle 6.7 °2.7 ° min to max 8.1 ° 8.1 2.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.2 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 13 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 22 kt0 kt min to max 48 kt 29 48 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °1.9 ° min to max 4.4 ° 2.5 4.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.2 °
Info Average g force 0.89 g0.59 g min to max 1.09 g 0.78 0.59 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 6 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 1 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 60 kt with 2.3° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF2.3° off7° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 28 kt 3.6° 0 s
Liftoff168 m · target 70 60 kt 2.3° 5.9 s
35 ft438 m · 7.0 s after liftoff 73 kt 6.6° 12.8 s
End of Climb 32,446 m · 645 ft 73 kt 2.0° 63 s

Takeoff from EGPE 05

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
272m15 %
Liftoff speed98.87
60kttarget 70, 10 slow
Runway alignment80.42
8.42m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
416fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 645 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,285 m of runway left; then climbing at 680 fpm on average to 645 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 60 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 1,814 m runway.

Rolled from 91 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 8.4 m at the widest, and lifted off 7.8 m left. Airborne 14 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,500THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 8.36 m LROLL 91 M INAirborne 259 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 259 m of 1,814 m · 14 %
Behind the start of the roll, 91 mTakeoff roll, 168 m Left ahead, 1,555 m

Landing and touchdown on EGPE 23

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
12ft
Threshold speed94.17
82kttarget 73, 9 fast
Centreline offset53.60
0.51m R

Touchdown

Past threshold74.92
686m
Centreline100.00
1.50m R
Speed100.00
43kttarget 71 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-78fpm
Impact92.86
0.94G
BouncesOk
None
The flare0.00

Very poor landing flare

The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 1° left of the track, wings level.

Wind 273° at 1 kt · 1 kt head · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 51 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 9 s, an average deceleration of 0.12 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

020406030 kt · 196 mtouchdown204 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 12 ft, 38 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 686 m in, 382 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

12 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −78 fpm · 8.6° nose up · 44 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 12 ft, down at 686 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 850 fpm at 118 ft to 80 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 12.9° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−750−1,500−6°2°10°touchdown−78 fpm at touchdown8.6° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,814 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 1.5 m of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 686 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 686 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 850 m of 1,814 m · 47 %
In the air over the runway, 686 mRollout, 163 m Left over, 964 m
Rollout distance100.00
163m47 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
1.45m R

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The flight in question was conducted in a Piper PA-24-250 Comanche aircraft. The pre-flight taxiing process from the parking area to the runway took less than a minute and covered a distance of less than 1 nautical mile. The departure roll took place on runway 05 at EGPE Inverness Airport, with a takeoff distance of 274 meters, which accounted for 15% of the runway length. The liftoff speed was achieved at 61 knots.

As the aircraft took to the skies, it encountered local weather conditions with a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 1 knot at 273 degrees. The crosswind and tailwind components were both 1 knot, indicating a relatively calm environment. The enroute climb began overhead Ardersier, a location in the Highland region of Scotland, where the aircraft ascended from an altitude of 561 feet above sea level to 291 feet, an increase of 271 feet in just 1 minute, covering a distance of less than 1 nautical mile.

The final approach to runway 23 at EGPE Inverness Airport was conducted from the north, with a heading of 174.0 degrees at an altitude of 233 feet above ground level and a distance of 0 nautical miles from the runway. The landing on runway 23 was executed with a runway length of 1,814 meters. Although the threshold speed was slightly higher than expected at 83 knots, the touchdown point was 242 meters beyond the touchdown zone, and the touchdown speed of 44 knots was considered good. The touchdown rate was perfect at -12 feet per minute, and the runway touchdown alignment was spot on.

The local weather conditions remained the same, with a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 1 knot at 273 degrees. The crosswind component was 1 knot, while the headwind component was also 1 knot. The total landing distance was 863 meters, accounting for 48% of the runway length. The runway rollout alignment was perfect, indicating a smooth and controlled descent. The total flight distance was 2 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 3 minutes, with a fuel consumption of 1 kilogram.

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