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EGPE
Inverness, Scotland
Runway 23
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight1,096 kg
Fuel114 kg
Wind270° · 2 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

92.22 %
EGPE
Inverness, Scotland
Runway 23
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight1,085 kg
Fuel103 kg
Wind270° · 2 kn · 1 kn cross
11 Dec 2025 0:17 18 nm Cessna C182 11 kg
Departure Score
91.68 %
Enroute Score
86.25 %
Arrival Score
98.73 %

What went well

Touched down at -79 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 379 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 27 ft and 70 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Enroute Descent — stall warning; speed limits at 0 %, g force 0.43 to 3.37 g at 47 %, −3.38 points
Departure Roll — Landing Lights at 0 %, Strobe Lights at 0 %, −1.42 points
Departure Climb 3 — gear not retracted; Landing gear up at 0 %, bank angle up to 10.9 ° at 77 %, −1.22 points

Next time

Departure

Rotate sooner, bringing the nose up at 61 kt rather than letting speed build further.

What happened: You lifted off at 77 kt against a rotation target of 61 kt, rotating late in the ground roll.

Watch for: Watch airspeed and rotate at the target of 61 kt.

See Departure Roll

Arrival

Reduce power earlier on final to bleed speed back to 64 kt before crossing the threshold.

What happened: You crossed the threshold at 70 kt, 6 kt above the 64 kt target.

Watch for: Airspeed, targeting 64 kt at the threshold.

See Arrival Landing

A typical trainer rotates in the mid-50s of knots - a 172 at around 55 KIAS, climbing out at a Vy in the low 70s, though check your own POH rather than memorising Cessna's numbers - and the transferable rule is that Vr sits just above the stall speed in takeoff configuration. Rotate early because "it felt ready" and the aircraft lifts off inside ground effect, where induced drag is reduced, then climbs out of it into more drag. On a marginal-performance day the result is an aircraft that lifts off and then refuses to climb, sagging back towards the runway.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 23 at EGPE Inverness Airport, Average speed was 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 0 kt0 kt min to max 0 kt 0 0 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °2.5 ° min to max 2.5 ° 2.5 2.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 0.08 g0.08 g min to max 0.08 g 0.08 0.08 g
Departure Roll 82.92Departure roll runway 23 at EGPE Inverness Airport. Takeoff distance 412 m 23 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 77 kt. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 2 kt at 269 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 412 m23 % of runway
65 % Liftoff speed was 77 ktTarget 61 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.38 m right0.00 m left to 1.38 m right -0.29 -1.19 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 1.07 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °1.2 ° min to max 3.5 ° 2.7 3.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.2 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.3 0.4 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Fail Strobe Lights
Info Parking Brake Off 4 ft agl · 2 kt
Departure Climb 1 99.07Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23 EGPE Inverness Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.5 °
100 % Average speed 87 kt77 kt min to max 95 kt 77 95 kt
96 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 3.4 ° 0.3 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.99 g min to max 1.07 g 1.07 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 359 fpm221 fpm min to max 560 fpm 221 560 fpm
Info Average altitude 21 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 52 ft agl 1 52 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.0 °3.4 ° min to max 5.1 ° 3.6 5.1 °
Departure Climb 2 99.39Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23 EGPE Inverness Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.6 °0.5 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.5 1.2 °
100 % Average speed 97 kt95 kt min to max 100 kt 95 99 kt
98 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 2.9 ° 0.3 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.98 g min to max 1.08 g 1.03 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 839 fpm565 fpm min to max 1,372 fpm 565 1,355 fpm
Info Average altitude 105 ft agl52 ft agl min to max 368 ft agl 52 368 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.6 °5.1 ° min to max 8.7 ° 5.1 8.4 °
Departure Climb 3 85.32Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 23 EGPE Inverness Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 2.3 °1.4 ° min to max 3.8 ° 1.4 3.8 °
100 % Average speed 101 kt99 kt min to max 102 kt 99 102 kt
77 % Average bank angle 3.3 °0.0 ° min to max 10.9 ° 1.1 10.9 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.93 g min to max 1.08 g 0.97 1.01 g
0 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 914 fpm466 fpm min to max 1,328 fpm 1,328 466 fpm
Info Average altitude 629 ft agl413 ft agl min to max 794 ft agl 413 794 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.6 °3.4 ° min to max 8.0 ° 8.0 3.4 °

Events

Fail Gear Not Retracted
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile north west of Croy (Highland, Scotland). Climbing from 833 ft asl to 974 ft asl, an increase of 141 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 104 kt102 kt min to max 105 kt 102 105 kt
100 % Average bank angle 12.7 °11.2 ° min to max 14.2 ° 11.2 14.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g1.02 g min to max 1.04 g 1.02 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 547 fpm465 fpm min to max 677 fpm 465 677 fpm
Info Average altitude 896 ft asl833 ft asl min to max 974 ft asl 833 974 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.0 °3.5 ° min to max 4.6 ° 3.5 4.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south west of EGPE Inverness Airport Inverness (Highland, Scotland) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±549 ft of 1,003 ft asl980 ft asl min to max 1,035 ft asl 986 1,019 ft asl
100 % Average speed 120 kt104 kt min to max 124 kt 105 121 kt
100 % Average bank angle 11.2 °0.0 ° min to max 22.1 ° 14.3 20.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.90 g min to max 1.16 g 1.03 1.14 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-1.2 ° min to max 4.4 ° 4.4 3.6 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Avoch (Highland, Scotland). Climbing from 1,027 ft asl to 2,207 ft asl, an increase of 1,180 ft in 3 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 111 kt105 kt min to max 121 kt 121 109 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.8 °0.0 ° min to max 20.9 ° 19.8 17.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.82 g min to max 1.16 g 0.99 1.05 g
Info Average VSI 385 fpm-240 fpm min to max 638 fpm 441 543 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,634 ft asl1,027 ft asl min to max 2,207 ft asl 1,027 2,207 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °-1.1 ° min to max 4.0 ° 2.6 3.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north west of Fortrose (Highland, Scotland) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±611 ft of 2,407 ft asl2,216 ft asl min to max 2,519 ft asl 2,216 2,467 ft asl
100 % Average speed 94 kt58 kt min to max 108 kt 108 74 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.9 °0.0 ° min to max 18.2 ° 18.1 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.91 g min to max 1.11 g 1.04 0.92 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °0.0 ° min to max 7.8 ° 3.7 5.8 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 1,943 ft agl · 62 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 1,935 ft agl · 60 kt
Enroute Descent 39.12Enroute descent started 2 miles north of Rosemarkie (Highland, Scotland). Descent from 2,472 ft asl to 1,636 ft asl, a decrease of 836 ft in 2 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Average speed 74 kt42 kt min to max 109 kt 75 81 kt
61 % Average bank angle 4.3 °0.0 ° min to max 59.4 ° 2.4 1.7 °
47 % Average g force 1.06 g0.43 g min to max 3.37 g 0.97 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -1,000 fpm-6,270 fpm min to max 1,387 fpm 336 -84 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,193 ft asl1,493 ft asl min to max 2,528 ft asl 2,472 1,636 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-42.7 ° min to max 12.0 ° 5.7 2.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Stall Warning Activated 1,881 ft agl · 60 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 2,029 ft agl · 60 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,028 ft agl · 58 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 1,183 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 1,065 ft agl · 107 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 994 ft agl · 110 kt
Enroute Level 3 78.38Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south of Cromarty (Highland, Scotland) and lasted 6 minutes, covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
97 % Altitude held within ±582 ft of 1,162 ft asl452 ft asl min to max 1,632 ft asl 1,632 452 ft asl
0 % Average speed 94 kt41 kt min to max 108 kt 80 82 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.8 °0.0 ° min to max 15.1 ° 1.4 1.3 °
93 % Average g force 1.01 g0.30 g min to max 1.76 g 0.95 1.05 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-34.7 ° min to max 13.0 ° 1.6 -0.6 °

Events

Fail Stall Warning Activated 1,044 ft agl · 59 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 922 ft agl · 65 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 1,312 ft agl · 59 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 1,195 ft agl · 61 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 1,133 ft agl · 71 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 1,090 ft agl · 79 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 704 ft agl · 104 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 530 ft agl · 95 kt
Arrival Final 2 100.00Approaching runway 23 at EGPE Inverness Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 420 ft agl to 336 ft agl. A decrease of 84 ft in 18 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.0 °2.9 ° min to max 3.2 °Target 3.0 ° 2.9 3.2 °
100 % Average speed 76 kt73 kt min to max 82 kt 82 73 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.4 °0.3 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 0.3 °
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.1 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.7 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.04 g 1.04 0.98 g
Info Average VSI -268 fpm-396 fpm min to max -164 fpm -396 -314 fpm
Info Average altitude 384 ft agl336 ft agl min to max 420 ft agl 420 336 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-0.2 ° min to max 1.2 ° -0.2 0.8 °
11.251.51.752250300350400450500Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 100.00Approaching runway 23 at EGPE Inverness Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 331 ft agl to 35 ft agl. A decrease of 296 ft in 41 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.9 °2.2 ° min to max 3.5 °Target 3.0 ° 3.2 2.2 °
100 % Average speed 72 kt70 kt min to max 74 kt 73 70 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 -0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 2.7 ° 1.0 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.95 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -501 fpm-553 fpm min to max -237 fpm -328 -457 fpm
Info Average altitude 102 ft agl35 ft agl min to max 331 ft agl 331 35 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-1.2 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.9 1.1 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 100.00Landing on runway 23 at EGPE Inverness Airport, runway length 1,814 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 70 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was well above target at 70 kt. Target 60 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
100 % Perfect landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 0.02 m right0.01 m right to 0.02 m right -0.02 -0.02 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 1.4 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.98 g min to max 1.05 g 1.04 1.02 g
Info Average speed 63 kt56 kt min to max 70 kt 70 56 kt
Info Average VSI -183 fpm-454 fpm min to max -58 fpm -454 -78 fpm
Info Average altitude 7 ft agl-3 ft agl min to max 27 ft agl 27 -3 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °1.2 ° min to max 6.4 ° 1.2 6.4 °
07515022530037545052501223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 97.00Touchdown distance was good at 379 m. Touchdown speed at 56 kt was good. Touchdown rate was excellent at -78 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 2 kt at 269 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -78 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 379 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 56 ktTarget below 57 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.59 m right2.20 m right -1.85 -2.59 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.2 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.2 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.99 g min to max 1.12 g 1.02 1.02 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 55 kt54 kt min to max 56 kt 56 54 kt
Info Average pitch angle 6.5 °6.2 ° min to max 6.8 ° 6.4 6.8 °
Arrival Rollout 96.66Total landing distance 718 m, 40 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 718 m40 % of runway.
93 % Runway alignment max 5.08 m right0.00 m left to 5.08 m right -2.66 -1.36 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average speed 50 kt35 kt min to max 53 kt 53 35 kt
Info Average pitch angle 5.3 °0.5 ° min to max 7.0 ° 6.8 0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.3 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 4 ft agl · 51 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 4 ft agl · 44 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 24 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 23 kt0 kt min to max 52 kt 29 52 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °0.2 ° min to max 2.7 ° 0.3 2.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.1 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.3 0.4 °
Info Average g force 0.65 g0.37 g min to max 1.00 g 0.99 0.39 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 77 kt with 2.6° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF2.6° off5° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 8 kt 2.4° 0 s
Liftoff369 m · target 61 77 kt 2.6° 16.9 s
35 ft699 m · 7.7 s after liftoff 92 kt 4.7° 24.5 s
End of Climb 32,969 m · 795 ft 102 kt 3.4° 70 s

Takeoff from EGPE 23

Takeoff roll100.00
438m24 %
Liftoff speed64.59
77kttarget 61, 16 fast
Runway alignment100.00
1.38m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb99.07
358fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 795 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,083 m of runway left; then climbing at 890 fpm on average to 795 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END3040506070KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 77 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 1,814 m runway.

Rolled from 31 m in, never more than 1.3 m off the centreline. Airborne 22 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 1.31 m RROLL 31 M INAirborne 400 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 400 m of 1,814 m · 22 %
Behind the start of the roll, 31 mTakeoff roll, 369 m Left ahead, 1,413 m

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Seven checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 1.2 nm, about 410 ft above the runway, to the threshold, after the 500 ft gate. The last to settle was the speed.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to EGPE 23

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 2.3 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 90 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND690373236500 ft gate7 of 7521 ft · 93 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 1,043 m right of the centreline at 2.3 nm, then inside the band from 1.6 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND486 m R21 m L9 m L46 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 32 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 19 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Fast from 2.3 nm, where the final began, to 1.2 nm (up to +39 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

6080100120 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 64+38 kt+10 kt+9 kt+6 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on EGPE 23

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
27ft
Threshold speed100.00
70kttarget 64, 6 fast
Centreline offset100.00
0.02m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
379m
Centreline100.00
2.59m R
Speed100.00
55kttarget 62 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-79fpm
Impact100.00
1.12G
Bounces80.00
1
The flare100.00

Perfect landing flare

The crosswind

Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° right of the track, wings level.

Wind 270° at 2 kt · 2 kt head · 1 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 54 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 15 s, an average deceleration of 0.09 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

020406030 kt · 358 mtouchdown372 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 27 ft, 23 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 379 m in, 74 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

27 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −79 fpm · 6.4° nose up · 56 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 27 ft, down at 379 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 440 fpm at 27 ft to 80 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 5.3° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−79 fpm at touchdown6.4° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,814 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 2.6 m right of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 4.8 m right at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 379 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 379 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.12 G arrival bounced.

Runway used 691 m of 1,814 m · 38 %
In the air over the runway, 379 mRollout, 312 m Left over, 1,123 m
Rollout distance100.00
312m38 % used
Rollout alignment92.58
5.08m R

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The flight began with a departure roll from runway 23 at EGPE Inverness Airport, a Cessna C182 aircraft taking to the skies. The takeoff distance was 412 meters, which accounted for 23% of the runway length. The liftoff speed was 77 knots, and the local weather conditions were favorable, with a temperature of 16 degrees Celsius and a gentle wind of 2 knots at 269 degrees.

As the aircraft climbed away from the airport, it began its enroute climb, starting 1 mile northwest of Croy in the Scottish Highlands. The climb was steep, with an increase of 141 feet in less than 1 minute, covering a distance of less than 1 nautical mile. The aircraft then leveled off and entered a cruise phase, lasting 2 minutes and covering 3 nautical miles.

The next climb phase began overhead Avoch, with the aircraft ascending from 1,027 feet to 2,207 feet in 3 minutes, covering a distance of 3 nautical miles. Following this, the aircraft entered another cruise phase, lasting 2 minutes and covering 2 nautical miles, as it flew 1 mile northwest of Fortrose.

As the flight continued, the aircraft began its descent, starting 2 miles north of Rosemarkie. The descent was from 2,472 feet to 1,636 feet in 2 minutes, covering a distance of 2 nautical miles. The aircraft then leveled off and entered another cruise phase, lasting 6 minutes and covering 5 nautical miles, as it flew 2 miles south of Cromarty.

The final approach to runway 23 at EGPE Inverness Airport was made from the northeast, with the aircraft heading 230 degrees at 1 nautical mile and 420 feet above ground level. The landing was smooth, with a touchdown speed of 56 knots and a touchdown rate of -78 feet per minute. The runway touchdown alignment was very good, and the total landing distance was 718 meters, accounting for 40% of the runway length.

The runway rollout alignment was also very good, and the total flight distance was 18 nautical miles, taking 17 minutes to complete. The flight used 11 kilograms of fuel, and the local weather conditions remained favorable, with a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius and a gentle wind of 2 knots at 269 degrees.

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