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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Add power on final to cross the threshold at 85 kt, correcting the speed before the flare begins.
What happened: The aircraft crossed the threshold at 18 kt below the 85 kt target, and the flare that followed raised the nose only 1.9° with little of the sink taken out. Shallow, underpowered approaches like this usually carry through into a firm touchdown.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 85 kt at the threshold
The rudder input is a changing profile through the roll rather than one that is held. So the demand on your right foot starts large at power application, eases as speed builds and the rudder gains authority, then jumps again at rotation.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 14 stages, 13 in the score
Events
Events
Events
Events
Events
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 72 kt, 6 kt below the 78 kt target, and lifted off at 77 kt 0.9 s later, the nose coming up at 2.9° a second. Climb 3 averaged 134 kt, 7 kt over its 127 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 892 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,113 m of runway left; gear up at 5 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,330 fpm on average to 892 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 2,284 m runway.
Rolled from 872 m in, never more than 1.1 m off the centreline. Airborne 41 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.
One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.
At the 500 ft gate: speed more than 5 kt below the approach speed of 85 kt.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 2.1 to 1.8 nm, then not again: slow from 1.8 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
High from 4 nm to 2.9 nm (up to 1,000 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 674 m left of the centreline, then inside the band from 3.4 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 43 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 26 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 1.8 nm, then slow to the threshold (up to −18 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare strayed well off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.9° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 298 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° right of the track, wings level.
Wind 269° at 1 kt · 1 kt tail · 0 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 63 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 9 s, an average deceleration of 0.20 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 37 ft, 13 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 16 ft. Touched down 298 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 250 fpm at the flare to 150 fpm at 8 ft, then back up to 320 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.9° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,225 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 2.2 m of it down the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.
The 298 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 316 fpm arrival was firm.
The rest of the report
The Pilatus PC-12 departed from runway 27 at EGGP Liverpool John Lennon Airport. Take-off used 969 m, 42 % of the runway, and rotation occurred at 72 kt. Local weather was 15 °C with a wind of 1 kt from 270°, giving a head-wind component of 1 kt and no cross-wind.
During the initial climb the aircraft reached 1,000 ft agl in 37 seconds, averaging 1,398 fpm and attaining 140 kt at the top of the climb. The climb continued from 1,041 ft asl to 4,210 ft asl in 4 minutes while covering 13 nm, beginning about 1 mile west of the airport.
The flight levelled at 4,400 ft asl for 2 minutes, covering 6 nm, starting roughly 3 miles west of Crosby. Descent followed from 4,257 ft asl to 1,804 ft asl in 2 minutes over 6 nm, beginning about 1 mile north-west of Prenton.
For the final approach to runway 09 at EGGP, descent was from 2,014 ft agl to 66 ft agl in 146 seconds. At 500 ft above the runway the stabilisation checks were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline and wings level; speed was not met. Configuration changes were gear down at 2,587 ft agl at 147 kt and final flap position 3 at 2,010 ft agl at 117 kt.
Landing occurred on runway 09, whose length is 2,225 m. The threshold height was good and the threshold speed was 67 kt, well below target. The flare was poor, with little round-out before touchdown. Touchdown was 297 m from the threshold at 62 kt, with a firm rate of minus 316 fpm and perfect alignment. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 515 m, 23 % of the runway, and rollout alignment remained perfect.
The total flight covered 31 nm in 11 minutes, consuming 38 kg of fuel. Local weather at landing was 15 °C with a wind of 1 kt from 270°, giving a tail-wind component of 1 kt and no cross-wind.
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