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CZBA
Burlington, Canada
Runway 14
Elevation591 ft asl
Weight679 kg
Fuel35 kg
Wind216° · 9 kn · 9 kn cross

Flight Score

93.18 %
CZBA
Burlington, Canada
Runway 32
Elevation591 ft asl
Weight660 kg
Fuel16 kg
Wind178° · 9 kn · 7 kn cross
5 Oct 2023 1:09 92 nm Cessna 152 19 kg
Departure Score
98.35 %
Enroute Score
99.74 %
Arrival Score
77.75 %

What went well

Touched down at -77 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 336 m in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 2.34 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Landing and flare profile at 23 %, Threshold speed was too high at 75 kn at 55 %, −3.27 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 2.4 ° at 7 %, −1.48 points
Arrival Touchdown — Speed at touchdown 63 kn at 0 %, −1.42 points

Next time

Shorten the long landing

See Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 32 stages, 30 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 12 kn0 kn min to max 23 kn 0 12 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 7 knmax 10 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.01 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.2 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.0 0.1 °

Events

Fail Beacon Light OFF should be ON
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Departure Roll 94.46Departure roll runway 14 at CZBA Burlington Airpark. Takeoff distance 1,000 m 98 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 66 kn. Local weather - Temperature 17 °C. Wind 9 kn at 215 °. Crosswind: 9 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
8 % Takeoff distance 1,000 m98 % of runway
73 % Liftoff speed was 66 knTarget 56 kn
99.7 % Runway alignment max 1.61 m1.61 m left to 0.00 m left 1.00 0.49 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.05 g 1.00 1.02 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-0.2 ° min to max 3.0 ° 0.2 3.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.0 °

Events

Fail Strobe Light OFF should be ON
Fail Taxi Light ON should OFF
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 36 kt
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 14 CZBA Burlington Airpark.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 70 kn66 kn min to max 72 kn 66 72 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.98 g min to max 1.11 g 1.04 1.02 g
Info Average VSI 511 ft/m347 ft/m min to max 598 ft/m 347 598 ft/m
Info Average altitude 18 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 43 ft agl 0 43 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.1 °3.2 ° min to max 7.2 ° 3.2 7.2 °
Departure Climb 2 98.76Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 14 CZBA Burlington Airpark.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 -0.4 °
100 % Average speed 74 kn66 kn min to max 78 kn 72 66 kn
96 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 3.6 ° 0.2 0.7 °
98 % Average g force 1.01 g0.81 g min to max 1.28 g 1.02 0.90 g
Info Average VSI 678 ft/m312 ft/m min to max 1,156 ft/m 602 1,156 ft/m
Info Average altitude 118 ft agl48 ft agl min to max 394 ft agl 48 394 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.6 °5.1 ° min to max 12.6 ° 7.2 10.8 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 167 ft agl · 78 kt
Departure Climb 3 98.50Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 14 CZBA Burlington Airpark.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.5 ° min to max 0.6 ° -0.4 0.4 °
100 % Average speed 70 kn65 kn min to max 75 kn 65 67 kn
93 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 4.8 ° 0.2 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.85 g min to max 1.09 g 0.85 1.02 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 758 ft/m610 ft/m min to max 1,000 ft/m 1,000 782 ft/m
Info Average altitude 689 ft agl404 ft agl min to max 988 ft agl 404 988 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.2 °6.0 ° min to max 10.5 ° 9.0 9.7 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south east of CZBA Burlington Airpark Burlington (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,599 ft asl to 3,245 ft asl, an increase of 1,646 ft in 4 minutes and covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 84 kn67 kn min to max 97 knTarget 84 kn 67 96 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.8 °0.0 ° min to max 16.5 ° 0.8 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.86 g min to max 1.21 g 1.08 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 562 ft/m-308 ft/m min to max 1,182 ft/m 863 236 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,387 ft asl1,599 ft asl min to max 3,245 ft asl 1,599 3,245 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.7 °-1.2 ° min to max 11.0 ° 9.6 2.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 2,178 ft agl · 85 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 2,180 ft agl · 86 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south of Oakville (Halton, Ontario, Canada) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 3,454 ft asl3,290 ft asl min to max 3,524 ft asl 3,290 3,524 ft asl
100 % Average speed 96 kn94 kn min to max 97 kn 97 97 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.5 °0.2 ° min to max 7.8 ° 0.7 6.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °1.4 ° min to max 2.6 ° 2.6 1.4 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile north east of Oakville (Halton, Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 3,527 ft asl to 3,686 ft asl, an increase of 159 ft in 1 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 97 kn95 kn min to max 97 kn 97 95 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.3 °1.6 ° min to max 6.6 ° 6.6 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 213 ft/m174 ft/m min to max 366 ft/m 174 183 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,568 ft asl3,527 ft asl min to max 3,686 ft asl 3,527 3,686 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °1.4 ° min to max 3.0 ° 1.4 1.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north east of Oakville (Halton, Ontario, Canada) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 3,766 ft asl3,701 ft asl min to max 3,828 ft asl 3,701 3,828 ft asl
100 % Average speed 96 kn95 kn min to max 98 kn 97 96 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.0 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 1.01 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °1.1 ° min to max 2.7 ° 1.5 2.7 °
Enroute Climb 3 100.00Enroute climb started 4 miles south east of Mississauga (Peel, Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 3,868 ft asl to 4,020 ft asl, an increase of 152 ft in 1 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 95 kn94 kn min to max 95 kn 95 94 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.4 ° min to max 3.3 ° 0.6 3.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.97 g min to max 1.00 g 0.98 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 212 ft/m111 ft/m min to max 337 ft/m 120 111 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,939 ft asl3,868 ft asl min to max 4,020 ft asl 3,868 4,020 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °1.6 ° min to max 3.1 ° 1.6 1.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 3 97.62Enroute level cruise started 3 miles south east of Mississauga (Peel, Ontario, Canada) and lasted 11 minutes, covering 20 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
92 % Average altitude 4,474 ft asl4,028 ft asl min to max 5,102 ft asl 4,028 5,028 ft asl
100 % Average speed 96 kn92 kn min to max 105 kn 96 102 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.7 °0.0 ° min to max 24.8 ° 0.5 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.90 g min to max 1.19 g 1.02 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °-1.3 ° min to max 4.1 ° 1.5 -0.1 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 10 miles south east of The Beaches (Toronto county, Ontario, Canada). Descent from 4,987 ft asl to 4,811 ft asl, a decrease of 176 ft in 1 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 91 kn87 kn min to max 98 kn 98 87 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.2 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.4 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -351 ft/m-538 ft/m min to max -172 ft/m -431 -538 ft/m
Info Average altitude 4,913 ft asl4,811 ft asl min to max 4,987 ft asl 4,987 4,811 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.3 °-2.0 ° min to max -0.0 ° -2.0 -2.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 4 99.49Enroute level cruise started 11 miles south east of The Beaches (Toronto county, Ontario, Canada) and lasted 11 minutes, covering 13 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 4,524 ft asl4,444 ft asl min to max 4,754 ft asl 4,754 4,545 ft asl
100 % Average speed 99 kn80 kn min to max 106 kn 86 102 kn
100 % Average bank angle 6.3 °0.1 ° min to max 24.6 ° 0.5 0.3 °
95 % Average g force 1.02 g0.94 g min to max 1.34 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-2.5 ° min to max 3.2 ° 0.5 0.1 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 4 miles north of Youngstown (Niagara County, New York, United States). Descent from 4,523 ft asl to 4,363 ft asl, a decrease of 160 ft in 1 minutes and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 102 kn99 kn min to max 104 kn 100 104 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.0 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.05 g 0.98 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -167 ft/m-555 ft/m min to max 148 ft/m -207 148 ft/m
Info Average altitude 4,453 ft asl4,363 ft asl min to max 4,523 ft asl 4,523 4,363 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-2.2 ° min to max 1.3 ° -0.7 1.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 5 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles north of Youngstown (Niagara County, New York, United States) and lasted 1 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 4,303 ft asl4,254 ft asl min to max 4,362 ft asl 4,362 4,276 ft asl
100 % Average speed 103 kn101 kn min to max 104 kn 103 101 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.0 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-0.6 ° min to max 2.3 ° -0.5 2.3 °
Enroute Descent 3 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles north of Youngstown (Niagara County, New York, United States). Descent from 4,235 ft asl to 4,048 ft asl, a decrease of 187 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 104 kn102 kn min to max 105 kn 102 105 kn
100 % Average bank angle 12.3 °0.8 ° min to max 16.7 ° 0.8 11.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.98 g min to max 1.16 g 1.05 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -329 ft/m-546 ft/m min to max -132 ft/m -546 -301 ft/m
Info Average altitude 4,108 ft asl4,048 ft asl min to max 4,235 ft asl 4,235 4,048 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-1.8 ° min to max 0.6 ° -1.2 -0.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 6 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north of Youngstown (Niagara County, New York, United States) and lasted 1 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 4,031 ft asl4,010 ft asl min to max 4,044 ft asl 4,044 4,010 ft asl
100 % Average speed 104 kn102 kn min to max 105 kn 105 105 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.9 °0.2 ° min to max 11.0 ° 11.0 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.04 g 1.04 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.7 ° min to max 0.7 ° -0.7 0.3 °
Enroute Descent 4 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile north east of Niagara-on-the-Lake (Regional Municipality of Niagara, Ontario, Canada). Descent from 3,993 ft asl to 3,829 ft asl, a decrease of 164 ft in 1 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 106 kn104 kn min to max 106 kn 104 106 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.3 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.6 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -210 ft/m-287 ft/m min to max -128 ft/m -128 -185 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,911 ft asl3,829 ft asl min to max 3,993 ft asl 3,993 3,829 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.9 °-1.2 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.4 -1.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 7 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north west of Niagara-on-the-Lake (Regional Municipality of Niagara, Ontario, Canada) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 3,768 ft asl3,713 ft asl min to max 3,802 ft asl 3,802 3,713 ft asl
100 % Average speed 105 kn100 kn min to max 108 kn 106 100 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.0 ° min to max 3.5 ° 0.5 2.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.95 g min to max 1.07 g 1.03 0.95 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -1.4 °-3.1 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.8 -3.1 °
Enroute Descent 5 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles west of Niagara-on-the-Lake (Regional Municipality of Niagara, Ontario, Canada). Descent from 3,646 ft asl to 3,097 ft asl, a decrease of 549 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 93 kn90 kn min to max 98 kn 98 97 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 2.2 ° 2.2 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.97 g min to max 1.12 g 1.07 1.12 g
Info Average VSI -412 ft/m-800 ft/m min to max -73 ft/m -511 -73 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,367 ft asl3,097 ft asl min to max 3,646 ft asl 3,646 3,097 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.5 °-3.9 ° min to max 1.6 ° -3.3 1.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Climb 4 99.20Enroute climb started 4 miles west of Niagara-on-the-Lake (Regional Municipality of Niagara, Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 3,162 ft asl to 3,356 ft asl, an increase of 193 ft in 1 minutes and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 93 kn89 kn min to max 96 kn 94 93 kn
100 % Average bank angle 6.8 °0.3 ° min to max 9.4 ° 2.2 0.3 °
92 % Average g force 0.98 g0.61 g min to max 1.07 g 1.07 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 317 ft/m-582 ft/m min to max 1,230 ft/m 1,020 -582 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,238 ft asl3,162 ft asl min to max 3,356 ft asl 3,162 3,356 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °-2.1 ° min to max 8.5 ° 7.5 -2.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 8 98.53Enroute level cruise started 4 miles north of CYSN St Catharines\/Niagara District St Catharines (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 13 minutes, covering 18 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
95 % Average altitude 3,809 ft asl3,325 ft asl min to max 4,083 ft asl 3,325 3,719 ft asl
100 % Average speed 101 kn92 kn min to max 110 kn 97 109 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.5 °0.0 ° min to max 17.7 ° 1.2 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.05 g 1.04 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-1.5 ° min to max 4.2 ° 4.2 -1.1 °
Enroute Descent 6 100.00Enroute descent started 5 miles north of CNZ8 Grimsby Grimsby (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 3,685 ft asl to 2,372 ft asl, a decrease of 1,313 ft in 4 minutes and covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 109 kn97 kn min to max 112 kn 110 97 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.1 ° min to max 7.6 ° 0.8 5.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -340 ft/m-746 ft/m min to max -28 ft/m -200 -135 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,019 ft asl2,372 ft asl min to max 3,685 ft asl 3,685 2,372 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.4 °-3.2 ° min to max 0.6 ° -1.0 0.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 9 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles east of CHH2 Hamilton Harbour Seaplane Base Hamilton (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 2,275 ft asl2,235 ft asl min to max 2,335 ft asl 2,335 2,235 ft asl
100 % Average speed 98 kn92 kn min to max 100 kn 92 98 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.2 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.3 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.94 g min to max 1.03 g 0.94 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -1.1 °-2.6 ° min to max -0.4 ° -2.6 -0.8 °
Enroute Descent 7 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles east of CHH2 Hamilton Harbour Seaplane Base Hamilton (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 2,179 ft asl to 1,240 ft asl, a decrease of 940 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 99 kn92 kn min to max 103 kn 98 100 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.6 °0.0 ° min to max 20.7 ° 0.2 4.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.93 g min to max 1.16 g 0.98 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -447 ft/m-889 ft/m min to max -39 ft/m -539 -73 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,684 ft asl1,240 ft asl min to max 2,179 ft asl 2,179 1,240 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.9 °-4.3 ° min to max 1.4 ° -3.7 0.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 969 ft agl · 102 kt
Arrival 99.89Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started 2 miles east of CHH2 Hamilton Harbour Seaplane Base Hamilton (Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 81 kn72 kn min to max 102 kn 99 78 kn
100 % Average bank angle 3.3 °0.0 ° min to max 11.6 ° 4.6 4.6 °
99 % Average g force 1.00 g0.74 g min to max 1.21 g 0.95 0.91 g
Info Average VSI -30 ft/m-758 ft/m min to max 611 ft/m 53 -554 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,247 ft asl1,064 ft asl min to max 1,361 ft asl 1,241 1,064 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °-4.6 ° min to max 7.1 ° 0.1 -3.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 77.73Approaching runway 32 at CZBA Burlington Airpark from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 460 ft agl to 15 ft agl. A decrease of 444 ft in 34 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
7 % Approach angle 2.4 °1.1 ° min to max 4.4 °Target 3.0 ° 4.4 1.1 °
100 % Average speed 76 kn74 kn min to max 80 kn 77 75 kn
94 % Heading variation 0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.4 ° -0.2 0.4 °
90 % Average bank angle 2.6 °0.0 ° min to max 6.6 ° 3.2 3.6 °
97 % Average g force 1.04 g0.79 g min to max 1.31 g 1.08 1.31 g
Info Average VSI -772 ft/m-946 ft/m min to max -539 ft/m -703 -539 ft/m
Info Average altitude 114 ft agl15 ft agl min to max 460 ft agl 460 15 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.7 °-5.6 ° min to max 1.9 ° -2.2 1.8 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 50.89Landing on runway 32 at CZBA Burlington Airpark, runway length 1,020 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was too high at 75 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
55 % Threshold speed was too high at 75 kn. Target 60 kn
23 % Landing and flare profile
93 % Heading variation 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.2 °
96 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 3.4 ° 3.4 1.0 °
97 % Average g force 1.02 g0.75 g min to max 1.30 g 1.30 1.00 g
Info Average speed 68 kn62 kn min to max 75 kn 75 63 kn
Info Average VSI -155 ft/m-514 ft/m min to max 46 ft/m -514 -77 ft/m
Info Average altitude 6 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 14 ft agl 14 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °-1.1 ° min to max 3.8 ° 1.5 2.3 °
07515022530037501223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375-18-15-12-9-6-30369121518Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 78.74Touchdown distance was good at 336 m. Touchdown speed at 63 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was excellent at -77 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 17 °C. Wind 9 kn at 177 °. Crosswind: 6 kn Tailwind: 6 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
97 % Touchdown VSI was -77 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 336 mTarget 457 m
0 % Speed at touchdown 63 knTarget 44 kn
96 % Runway alignment max 2.58 m2.49 m left 2.58 2.34 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.1 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.99 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 1.03 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 63 kn62 kn min to max 63 kn 63 62 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °1.9 ° min to max 2.3 ° 2.3 1.9 °
Arrival Rollout 81.38Total landing distance 860 m, 84 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
63 % Landing distance 860 m84 % of runway.
97 % Runway alignment max 2.74 m2.30 m left to 0.44 m right 2.30 -0.32 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.07 g 1.02 1.00 g
Info Average speed 68 kn38 kn min to max 73 kn 73 38 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °-0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 1.7 -0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.1 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 61 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 6 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 14 kn1 kn min to max 34 kn 34 7 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.8 ° -0.1 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.1 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 1.00 g

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 6 kn4 kn min to max 7 kn 7 4 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.1 0.2 °

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 65 kt with 3.2° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF3.2° off7° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0306090 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 0 kt 0.2° 0 s
Liftoff385 m 65 kt 3.2° 18.7 s
35 ft557 m · 4.6 s after liftoff 72 kt 6.9° 23.3 s
End of Climb 33,597 m · 988 ft 67 kt 9.7° 101 s

Takeoff from CZBA 14

Takeoff roll100.00
425m42 %
Liftoff speed72.62
65kt
Runway alignment99.71
1.61m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
511fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 988 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 421 m of runway left; then climbing at 720 fpm on average to 988 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 65 ktSCALE CHANGES2.6 km past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 1,020 m runway.

Rolled from 43 m in, drifted 1.6 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off, in 8 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 41 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS8 kn75 %widest 1.60 m LROLL 43 M INAirborne 427 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 427 m of 1,020 m · 42 %
Behind the start of the roll, 43 mTakeoff roll, 385 m Left ahead, 593 m

The approach to CZBA 32

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 650 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND670657759695517287
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 1,328 m right of the centreline, then inside the band from 1.0 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND1328 m R866 m R416 m R167 m R31 m R2 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on CZBA 32

Over the threshold

Threshold height30.40
13ft
Threshold speed55.19
75kt
Centreline offset92.86
0.12m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
336m
Centreline96.36
2.58m L
Speed0.00
62kt
Touchdown rate97.16
-77fpm
Impact100.00
1.07G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

5 kt across from the left, which takes about 5° of crab to hold the centreline at 63 kt. Touched down straight - the crab taken out before the wheels touched, wings level.

Wind 178° at 9 kt · 6 kt tail · 5 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 74 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 20 s, an average deceleration of 0.12 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 402 m30 kt · 577 mtouchdown600 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,020 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 13 ft, 37 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 336 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,020 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

13 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −77 fpm · 2.3° nose up · 63 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 13 ft, down at 336 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 290 fpm at 24 ft to 80 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 0.8° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−2°4°10°touchdown−77 fpm at touchdown2.3° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 1,020 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 2.3 m left of the centreline and drifted to 16 m right on the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 5 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 336 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 336 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 838 m of 1,020 m · 82 %
In the air over the runway, 336 mRollout, 501 m Left over, 183 m
Rollout distance71.80
501m82 % used
Rollout alignment97.32
2.30m L

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