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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Begin the flare with progressive back pressure and keep it coming until the sink is arrested, rather than flying it on flat.
What happened: The nose was barely raised in the flare and little of the sink was taken out, flying the aircraft onto the runway. This pattern usually carries through to a firm touchdown with a noticeable sink rate.
Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a smoothly reducing sink through the normal flare band, not a steady rate into the runway.
There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.
Read more in Flare TimingStart to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 148 kt, 3 kt below the 151 kt target, and lifted off at 156 kt 3.5 s later, the nose coming up at 2.2° a second. Climb 3 averaged 170 kt, 6 kt over its 164 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 936 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,561 m of runway left; gear up at 126 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,060 fpm on average to 936 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 4,005 m runway.
Rolled from 77 m in, drifted 2.8 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 53 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 3.5 nm, where the final began, to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 3.5 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 10 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 52× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 3.5 nm, never more than 5 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 34 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between +1 kt and +1 kt on the approach speed of 135 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare strayed well off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 2.9° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 279 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
3 kt across from the left, which takes about 1° of crab to hold the centreline at 133 kt. Touched down with the nose 2° into wind, 3° of bank.
Wind 170° at 4 kt · 1 kt tail · 3 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 60 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 13 ft. Touched down 279 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink stayed between 750 fpm and 910 fpm from the flare to the runway. The nose came up 2.7° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,203 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 4.9 m left of the centreline and drifted to 13 m left on the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 279 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.87 G arrival bounced.
The rest of the report
The Airbus A320-ceo departed from runway 29 at MMGL Guadalajara International Airport. The take-off roll used 2,128 m, which was 53 % of the runway, and rotation occurred at 148 kt. Local weather was 22 °C with wind 0 kt from 179° (crosswind 0 kt, headwind 0 kt).
Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl lasted 25 seconds, averaging 1,923 fpm and reaching 170 kt at the top of the segment. The climb continued from 6,013 ft asl to 30,138 ft asl in 14 minutes, covering 88 nm, beginning about 1 mile west of the departure airport.
Cruise was level at 30,000 ft asl for 132 minutes, covering 949 nm, starting roughly 10 miles south-west of Huajimic.
Descent began at 30,118 ft asl and proceeded to 3,416 ft asl in 22 minutes, covering 110 nm, with the segment starting about 5 miles east of 4AZ6 Parsons Field Kingman.
Final approach to runway 26L at KLAS Harry Reid International Airport descended from 1,108 ft agl to 7 ft agl in 83 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed and wings level. Configuration on final was landing gear down at 3,358 ft agl at 167 kt and final flap position 5 at 3,064 ft agl at 160 kt.
Landing on runway 26L (runway length 3,203 m) had a threshold height of 60 ft agl, which was above target, while the threshold speed of 136 kt was good. The flare was described as very poor, with little round-out. Touchdown occurred at 133 kt, a little fast, and the vertical rate was very heavy at minus 808 fpm. Touchdown distance was good at 279 m, but the touchdown point was slightly misaligned by 4.9 m from the centreline. One bounce occurred on touchdown. Total landing distance was 1,412 m, 44 % of the runway, and the rollout was slightly misaligned by 13.6 m from the centreline.
Taxiing from the runway to the parking area took 5 minutes and covered less than 1 nm. The total flight covered 1,158 nm in 186 minutes and used 6,422 kg of fuel. Local weather at landing was 22 °C with wind 4 kt from 170° (crosswind 3 kt, tailwind 1 kt).
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