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KAKH
Gastonia, United States
Runway 03
Elevation794 ft asl
Weight2,275 lbs
Fuel360 lbs
Wind344° · 6 kn · 4 kn cross

Flight Score

85.92 %
KIPJ
Lincolnton, United States
Runway 05
Elevation876 ft asl
Weight2,275 lbs
Fuel360 lbs
19 Mar 2023 0:16 17 nm BEECH B35-B33
Departure Score
95.30 %
Enroute Score
85.05 %
Arrival Score
75.95 %

What went well

Touchdown 1,209 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 10.2 ft off the centreline, no bounce
Airborne in 1,410 ft — 39 % of the runway

What held you back

Enroute Climb — speed limits at 0 %, g force 0.69 to 1.43 g at 90 %, −4.56 points
Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was excessively high at 100 kn at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 66 %, −3.01 points
Arrival Touchdown — Speed at touchdown 90 kn at 0 %, bank angle up to 1.7 ° at 66 %, −1.68 points

Next time

Shorten the long landing

See Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 7 kn0 kn min to max 11 kn 0 11 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 10 knmax 11 kn 0 11 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-1.1 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.5 0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.1 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.5 0.8 °

Events

Fail Beacon Light OFF should be ON
Fail Navigation Light OFF should be ON
Fail Navigation Light OFF should be ON
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl
Departure Roll 86.54Departure roll runway 03 at KAKH Gastonia Mun. Takeoff distance 1,559 ft 43 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 74 kn. Local weather - Temperature 45 °F. Wind 6 kn at 344 °. Crosswind: 4 kn Headwind: 5 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,559 ft43 % of runway
34 % Liftoff speed was 74 knTarget 75 kn
99 % Runway alignment max 6.6 ft6.2 ft left to 0.4 ft right 1.9 -0.4 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.05 g 1.00 1.05 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.7 ° min to max 2.9 ° 0.3 2.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.6 0.4 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights OFF should be ON
Fail Strobe Light OFF should be ON
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 03 KAKH Gastonia Mun.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.0 0.6 °
100 % Average speed 79 kn75 kn min to max 82 kn 75 82 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.1 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.4 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.96 g min to max 1.24 g 1.10 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 585 ft/m400 ft/m min to max 635 ft/m 400 625 ft/m
Info Average altitude 20 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 43 ft agl 0 43 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.1 °3.6 ° min to max 7.1 ° 3.6 5.6 °
Departure Climb 2 95.56Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 03 KAKH Gastonia Mun.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.6 0.2 °
100 % Average speed 88 kn82 kn min to max 114 kn 82 114 kn
88 % Average bank angle 2.1 °0.0 ° min to max 6.5 ° 0.0 3.0 °
85 % Average g force 1.03 g0.80 g min to max 1.51 g 0.98 1.31 g
Info Average VSI 773 ft/m355 ft/m min to max 1,848 ft/m 623 1,848 ft/m
Info Average altitude 109 ft agl47 ft agl min to max 399 ft agl 47 399 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.7 °1.1 ° min to max 8.5 ° 5.6 8.5 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 118 ft agl · 88 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 212 ft agl · 97 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 317 ft agl · 101 kt
Departure Climb 3 94.37Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 03 KAKH Gastonia Mun.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.3 °
100 % Average speed 128 kn116 kn min to max 135 kn 116 135 kn
74 % Average bank angle 4.0 °0.7 ° min to max 11.9 ° 3.2 11.6 °
96 % Average g force 0.97 g0.68 g min to max 1.23 g 0.97 1.12 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,515 ft/m805 ft/m min to max 2,378 ft/m 2,234 882 ft/m
Info Average altitude 765 ft agl439 ft agl min to max 985 ft agl 439 985 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.5 °2.4 ° min to max 7.5 ° 7.0 3.9 °
Enroute Climb 58.97Enroute climb started 1 mile north east of KAKH Gastonia Mun Gastonia (North Carolina, United States). Climbing from 1,800 ft asl to 2,911 ft asl, an increase of 1,111 ft in 1 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Climb speed 143 kn132 kn min to max 174 knTarget 82 kn 137 174 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.3 °0.2 ° min to max 32.3 ° 6.6 0.8 °
90 % Average g force 1.03 g0.69 g min to max 1.43 g 1.01 0.95 g
Info Average VSI 1,160 ft/m-410 ft/m min to max 2,661 ft/m 997 434 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,382 ft asl1,800 ft asl min to max 2,911 ft asl 1,800 2,911 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °-3.3 ° min to max 12.7 ° 4.4 -1.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 97.43Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north east of Gastonia (Gaston County, North Carolina, United States) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 3,022 ft asl2,918 ft asl min to max 3,227 ft asl 2,954 3,062 ft asl
100 % Average speed 180 kn163 kn min to max 189 kn 178 170 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.6 °0.2 ° min to max 11.1 ° 5.0 6.0 °
74 % Average g force 1.10 g0.84 g min to max 1.70 g 1.07 1.15 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-4.0 ° min to max 5.7 ° 0.2 -0.8 °
Enroute Descent 98.74Enroute descent started 1 mile west of Dallas (Gaston County, North Carolina, United States). Descent from 3,058 ft asl to 2,670 ft asl, a decrease of 388 ft in 1 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 171 kn167 kn min to max 178 kn 170 178 kn
100 % Average bank angle 7.7 °0.4 ° min to max 15.3 ° 5.9 3.2 °
87 % Average g force 1.06 g0.90 g min to max 1.47 g 1.17 1.07 g
Info Average VSI -639 ft/m-1,367 ft/m min to max -100 ft/m -308 -842 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,924 ft asl2,670 ft asl min to max 3,058 ft asl 3,058 2,670 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -3.5 °-5.9 ° min to max 0.1 ° -2.2 -5.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival 84.64Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started 1 mile west of Dallas (Gaston County, North Carolina, United States).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 146 kn108 kn min to max 176 kn 176 109 kn
78 % Average bank angle 10.0 °0.0 ° min to max 35.9 ° 4.2 13.3 °
67 % Average g force 1.02 g0.55 g min to max 1.83 g 1.22 1.17 g
Info Average VSI -124 ft/m-2,615 ft/m min to max 1,945 ft/m -540 -1,951 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,199 ft asl1,640 ft asl min to max 2,784 ft asl 2,664 1,640 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-10.5 ° min to max 7.5 ° -3.8 -6.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Pitot Heat Switched Off 1,036 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 1,036 ft agl · 148 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,219 ft agl · 120 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,154 ft agl · 114 kt
Arrival Final 2 84.26Approaching runway 05 at KIPJ Lincolnton-Lincoln Co Regl from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 738 ft agl to 454 ft agl. A decrease of 284 ft in 15 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
77 % Approach angle 4.4 °4.1 ° min to max 4.6 °Target 3.8 ° 4.6 4.1 °
100 % Average speed 110 kn108 kn min to max 114 kn 109 108 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.6 °-0.7 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.7 -0.6 °
60 % Average bank angle 5.0 °0.0 ° min to max 17.2 ° 8.7 1.0 °
91 % Average g force 1.03 g0.63 g min to max 1.41 g 0.93 1.41 g
Info Average VSI -1,182 ft/m-1,836 ft/m min to max -196 ft/m -1,741 -1,282 ft/m
Info Average altitude 607 ft agl454 ft agl min to max 738 ft agl 738 454 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -7.0 °-10.1 ° min to max -4.2 ° -7.3 -4.6 °
11.251.51.752400450500550600650700Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-190-143-95-4804895143190Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 1 87.09Approaching runway 05 at KIPJ Lincolnton-Lincoln Co Regl from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 430 ft agl to 26 ft agl. A decrease of 404 ft in 26 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
61 % Approach angle 2.4 °1.7 ° min to max 4.4 °Target 3.8 ° 4.1 1.7 °
100 % Average speed 106 kn100 kn min to max 111 kn 106 100 kn
94 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.4 0.2 °
86 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.0 ° min to max 7.3 ° 5.9 0.8 °
89 % Average g force 1.01 g0.66 g min to max 1.44 g 0.86 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -728 ft/m-1,705 ft/m min to max -204 ft/m -882 -571 ft/m
Info Average altitude 96 ft agl26 ft agl min to max 430 ft agl 430 26 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.7 °-10.6 ° min to max -0.8 ° -4.9 -1.9 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-130-98-65-330336598130Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 54.80Landing on runway 05 at KIPJ Lincolnton-Lincoln Co Regl, runway length 5,294 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was excessively high at 100 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 100 kn. Target 70 kn
66 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.1 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.8 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.81 g min to max 1.20 g 1.07 0.82 g
Info Average speed 96 kn89 kn min to max 100 kn 100 89 kn
Info Average VSI -265 ft/m-571 ft/m min to max -98 ft/m -571 -138 ft/m
Info Average altitude 9 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 24 ft agl 24 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-1.8 ° min to max 1.3 ° -1.8 -1.0 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
02505007501,0001,25001223354658Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,250-60-48-36-24-1201224364860Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 74.75Touchdown distance was good at 1,188 ft. Touchdown speed at 90 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was good at -152 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 10 ft from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 44 °F. Wind 12 kn at 280 °. Crosswind: 10 kn Tailwind: 7 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
89 % Touchdown VSI was -152 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 1,188 ftTarget 1,500 ft
0 % Speed at touchdown 90 knTarget 61 kn
95 % Runway alignment max 10.2 ft8.9 ft left 7.9 10.2 ft
66 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.3 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.3 1.2 °
99 % Average g force 1.14 g1.00 g min to max 1.27 g 1.01 1.00 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 90 kn89 kn min to max 90 kn 90 90 kn
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-1.1 ° min to max 0.4 ° -0.8 -1.1 °
Arrival Rollout 78.86Total landing distance 2,839 ft, 54 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 50 ft from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 2,839 ft54 % of runway.
53 % Runway alignment max 49.6 ft49.6 ft left to 0.0 ft left 10.6 13.2 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average speed 86 kn51 kn min to max 94 kn 94 51 kn
Info Average pitch angle -1.0 °-1.5 ° min to max -0.7 ° -1.1 -0.7 °
Info Average bank angle 1.9 °0.1 ° min to max 3.2 ° 1.0 0.5 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 13 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 17 kn0 kn min to max 47 kn 47 0 kn
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-0.8 ° min to max 0.3 ° -0.7 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.1 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 74 kt with 3.6° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

150 kt10050020°10°0°LIFTOFF3.6° off6° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 15 kt 0.3° 0 s
Liftoff1,118 ft 74 kt 3.6° 16.4 s
35 ft1,557 ft · 3.5 s after liftoff 80 kt 5.9° 19.8 s
End of Climb 39,733 ft · 986 ft 135 kt 3.9° 65 s

Takeoff from KAKH 03

Takeoff roll100.00
1,410ft39 %
Liftoff speed33.94
74kt
Runway alignment98.77
6.2ft L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
585fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 986 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 1,797 ft of runway left; then climbing at 1,210 fpm on average to 986 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 74 ktSCALE CHANGES1.0 nm past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 3,658 ft runway.

Rolled from 304 ft in, drifted 6 ft left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 38 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS4 kn75 %widest 6.2 ft LROLL 304 FT INAirborne 1,422 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,422 ft of 3,658 ft · 39 %
Behind the start of the roll, 304 ftTakeoff roll, 1,118 ft Left ahead, 2,236 ft

The approach to KIPJ 05

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3.8° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 1.7 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 280 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3.8° here, which is about 410 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 70 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

1,0002,0003,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,6901,2908804703.8° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND909523278
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 1.7 nm, never more than 610 ft off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR1000 ft L01000 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND22 ft R83 ft R10 ft R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on KIPJ 05

Over the threshold

Threshold height53.13
23ft
Threshold speed0.00
99kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.2ft L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
1,209ft
Centreline94.54
10.2ft L
Speed0.00
89kt
Touchdown rate89.29
-152fpm
Impact98.86
1.27G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No wind recorded: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 7° left of the track, wings level.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 95 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 20 s, an average deceleration of 0.18 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012060 kt · 1,477 ft30 kt · 2,060 fttouchdown2,142 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 23 ft, 27 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 1,209 ft in, 209 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

23 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −151 fpm · −1° nose down · 89 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 23 ft, down at 1,209 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 540 fpm at 23 ft to 150 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 0.8° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−2°4°10°touchdown−151 fpm at touchdown−1° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 5,294 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 10 ft left of the centreline and drifted to 44 ft left on the rollout, back to 15 ft left by the end.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 1,209 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 1,209 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 2,774 ft of 5,294 ft · 52 %
In the air over the runway, 1,209 ftRollout, 1,565 ft Left over, 2,520 ft
Rollout distance100.00
1,565ft52 % used
Rollout alignment53.02
49.6ft L

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