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CZBA
Burlington, Canada
Runway 32
Elevation591 ft asl
Weight1,822 lbs
Fuel152 lbs
Wind212° · 3 kn · 3 kn cross

Flight Score

89.40 %
CYTZ
Toronto, Canada
Runway 26
Elevation249 ft asl
Weight1,810 lbs
Fuel140 lbs
WindCalm
25 Aug 2024 0:14 28 nm Van's RV-14 12 lbs
Departure Score
95.42 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
75.40 %

What went well

Touched down at -136 fpm — a soft arrival
1.12 G at touchdown — inside band
Rollout held the centreline — 3.2 ft off at taxi speed

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was excessively high at 115 kn at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 0 %, −3.39 points
Arrival Rollout — bounce at touchdown; Landing distance 3,703 ft at 29 %, −2.16 points
Arrival Touchdown — Touchdown distance was 3,060 ft at 0 %, Speed at touchdown 66 kn at 53 %, −1.64 points

Next time

Shorten the long landing

See Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 16 stages, 13 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 32 at CZBA Burlington Airpark, Average speed was 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 0 kn0 kn min to max 0 kn 0 0 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 97.11Departure roll runway 32 at CZBA Burlington Airpark. Takeoff distance 923 ft 28 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 70 kn. Local weather - Temperature 71 °F. Wind 3 kn at 211 °. Crosswind: 3 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 923 ft28 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 70 knTarget 64 kn
86 % Runway alignment max 23.0 ft23.0 ft left to 0.0 ft left 2.9 20.6 ft
100 % Average g force 0.95 g0.91 g min to max 0.99 g 0.98 0.95 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 8.5 °5.3 ° min to max 12.1 ° 12.1 5.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.1 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Departure Climb 1 98.68Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 32 CZBA Burlington Airpark.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.7 °-0.9 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.9 -0.4 °
100 % Average speed 83 kn70 kn min to max 93 kn 70 93 kn
95 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.0 ° min to max 4.0 ° 0.0 4.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.92 g min to max 1.20 g 0.94 1.02 g
Info Average VSI 605 ft/m426 ft/m min to max 759 ft/m 426 759 ft/m
Info Average altitude 17 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 50 ft agl 0 50 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.7 °5.0 ° min to max 10.8 ° 5.7 9.3 °
Departure Climb 2 98.53Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 32 CZBA Burlington Airpark.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.4 ° min to max 1.3 ° -0.4 1.3 °
100 % Average speed 100 kn94 kn min to max 113 kn 94 113 kn
94 % Average bank angle 2.3 °0.4 ° min to max 4.2 ° 4.0 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.86 g min to max 1.10 g 1.01 0.86 g
Info Average VSI 991 ft/m764 ft/m min to max 2,012 ft/m 764 2,012 ft/m
Info Average altitude 102 ft agl51 ft agl min to max 385 ft agl 51 385 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.5 °8.4 ° min to max 12.7 ° 9.2 11.0 °

Events

Info Bounce during liftoff 251 ft agl · 113 kt
Departure Climb 3 87.35Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 32 CZBA Burlington Airpark.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 1.4 °0.5 ° min to max 1.7 ° 1.5 0.5 °
100 % Average speed 115 kn114 kn min to max 116 kn 114 116 kn
37 % Average bank angle 14.4 °0.2 ° min to max 26.0 ° 0.2 26.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.95 g min to max 1.10 g 1.03 1.09 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 2,147 ft/m1,947 ft/m min to max 2,276 ft/m 1,947 2,276 ft/m
Info Average altitude 588 ft agl416 ft agl min to max 744 ft agl 416 744 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.7 °12.1 ° min to max 13.3 ° 12.1 13.3 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead CZBA Burlington Airpark Burlington (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,376 ft asl to 1,921 ft asl, an increase of 545 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 113 kn109 kn min to max 116 kn 116 109 kn
100 % Average bank angle 28.1 °26.8 ° min to max 30.0 ° 26.8 28.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.80 g min to max 1.11 g 1.10 0.86 g
Info Average VSI 1,886 ft/m690 ft/m min to max 2,339 ft/m 2,303 690 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,680 ft asl1,376 ft asl min to max 1,921 ft asl 1,376 1,921 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 11.1 °4.0 ° min to max 13.6 ° 13.4 4.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile west of CZBA Burlington Airpark Burlington (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 8 minutes, covering 19 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,846 ft asl1,618 ft asl min to max 1,992 ft asl 1,922 1,618 ft asl
100 % Average speed 144 kn110 kn min to max 150 kn 110 146 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.3 °0.0 ° min to max 26.7 ° 26.7 8.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.74 g min to max 1.36 g 0.92 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-2.4 ° min to max 4.3 ° 2.1 0.3 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started overhead New Toronto (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,617 ft asl to 1,833 ft asl, an increase of 216 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 139 kn132 kn min to max 146 kn 146 132 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.4 °0.0 ° min to max 8.4 ° 4.5 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.88 g min to max 1.09 g 1.02 0.89 g
Info Average VSI 384 ft/m-51 ft/m min to max 727 ft/m -51 569 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,702 ft asl1,616 ft asl min to max 1,833 ft asl 1,617 1,833 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °0.4 ° min to max 4.4 ° 0.4 2.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile east of Mimico (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,952 ft asl1,839 ft asl min to max 2,073 ft asl 1,839 2,073 ft asl
100 % Average speed 137 kn131 kn min to max 145 kn 132 136 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.0 °0.0 ° min to max 26.5 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.77 g min to max 1.32 g 0.97 1.07 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °-2.2 ° min to max 4.7 ° 2.6 2.9 °
Arrival 59.71Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started 1 mile east of Mimico (Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 132 kn107 kn min to max 148 kn 135 122 kn
0 % Average bank angle 21.4 °0.1 ° min to max 51.2 ° 0.3 0.1 °
99 % Average g force 1.12 g0.45 g min to max 1.39 g 1.02 1.39 g
Info Average VSI -1,704 ft/m-3,987 ft/m min to max 451 ft/m 433 -1,375 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,242 ft asl339 ft asl min to max 2,119 ft asl 2,081 339 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -5.4 °-15.8 ° min to max 3.2 ° 3.1 0.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 94.85Approaching runway 26 at CYTZ Toronto\/City Centre from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 87 ft agl to 48 ft agl. A decrease of 39 ft in 4 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.0 °2.7 ° min to max 3.2 °Target 3.0 ° 2.7 2.9 °
100 % Average speed 118 kn115 kn min to max 121 kn 121 115 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 -0.1 °
75 % Average bank angle 6.6 °0.4 ° min to max 12.4 ° 1.8 3.1 °
99 % Average g force 1.02 g0.77 g min to max 1.53 g 1.50 1.12 g
Info Average VSI -617 ft/m-1,243 ft/m min to max -312 ft/m -1,243 -854 ft/m
Info Average altitude 73 ft agl48 ft agl min to max 87 ft agl 87 48 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-2.6 ° min to max 2.1 ° 1.8 -0.1 °
00.250.50.751050100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-70-53-35-18018355370Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 49.11Landing on runway 26 at CYTZ Toronto\/City Centre, runway length 3,989 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was excessively high at 115 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 115 kn. Target 60 kn
0 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.1 0.0 °
91 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 5.4 ° 2.6 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.79 g min to max 1.41 g 1.15 1.04 g
Info Average speed 95 kn66 kn min to max 115 kn 115 66 kn
Info Average VSI -174 ft/m-855 ft/m min to max 62 ft/m -855 -136 ft/m
Info Average altitude 20 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 42 ft agl 42 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °0.3 ° min to max 5.6 ° 0.3 5.6 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 24 ft agl · 106 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 20 ft agl · 105 kt
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,2503,50001223354658Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,2503,500-90-72-54-36-1801836547290Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 75.39Touchdown point was excessively long using more than 75% of available runway. Touchdown speed at 66 kn was too fast. Touchdown rate was smooth at -136 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 74 °F. Wind 0 kn at 267 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Touchdown VSI was -136 ft/m.
0 % Touchdown distance was 3,060 ftTarget 1,500 ft
53 % Speed at touchdown 66 knTarget 52 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 0.9 ft0.7 ft left 0.7 0.9 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.2 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.92 g min to max 1.12 g 1.04 1.04 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 64 kn60 kn min to max 66 kn 66 60 kn
Info Average pitch angle 5.9 °5.1 ° min to max 6.9 ° 5.6 6.0 °
Arrival Rollout 67.62Total landing distance 3,703 ft, 93 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
29 % Landing distance 3,703 ft93 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 3.2 ft3.2 ft left to 0.0 ft left 0.9 3.2 ft
100 % Average g force 1.03 g1.00 g min to max 1.05 g 1.04 1.03 g
Info Average speed 54 kn35 kn min to max 60 kn 60 35 kn
Info Average pitch angle 8.1 °6.1 ° min to max 11.8 ° 6.1 11.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.2 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.3 0.8 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 4 ft agl · 49 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 12 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 12 kn10 kn min to max 29 kn 29 12 kn
Info Average pitch angle 11.6 °11.4 ° min to max 11.8 ° 11.8 11.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 0.1 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.97 g min to max 1.06 g 1.05 0.98 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 10 kt
Arrival Taxi 90.05Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 13 kn2 kn min to max 15 kn 12 2 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 6 knmax 12 kn 0 2 kn
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.97 g min to max 1.01 g 0.98 1.01 g
Info Average pitch angle 12.0 °11.6 ° min to max 12.3 ° 11.8 12.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.0 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Fail Taxi Lights

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 69 kt with 5.7° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF5.7° off9° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 6 kt 12.1° 0 s
Liftoff910 ft 69 kt 5.7° 14.3 s
35 ft1,631 ft · 5.0 s after liftoff 90 kt 9.4° 19.3 s
End of Climb 36,150 ft · 744 ft 116 kt 13.3° 43.8 s

Takeoff from CZBA 32

Takeoff roll100.00
923ft28 %
Liftoff speed100.00
69kt
Runway alignment85.57
23.0ft L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb98.68
605fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 744 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,652 ft of runway left; then climbing at 1,510 fpm on average to 744 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 69 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 3,347 ft runway.

Rolled from 64 ft in, drifted left of the centreline, 23 ft at the widest, and lifted off 21 ft left. Airborne 29 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS2 kn75 %widest 23.1 ft LROLL 64 FT INAirborne 974 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 974 ft of 3,347 ft · 29 %
Behind the start of the roll, 64 ftTakeoff roll, 910 ft Left ahead, 2,373 ft

The approach to CYTZ 26

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 0.9 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 160 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND240
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 820 ft right of the centreline at 0.9 nm.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR1000 ft L01000 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND78 ft R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on CYTZ 26

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
42ft
Threshold speed0.00
115kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.1ft R

Touchdown

Past threshold0.00
3,061ft
Centreline100.00
0.9ft L
Speed53.48
66kt
Touchdown rate98.76
-136fpm
Impact100.00
1.12G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

Calm: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 67 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 8 s, an average deceleration of 0.24 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 221 ft30 kt · 692 fttouchdown720 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 3,989 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 42 ft, close to the 50 ft target. Touched down 3,061 ft in, 2,061 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 3,989 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

42 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −135 fpm · 5.6° nose up · 66 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 42 ft, down at 3,061 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

From 41 ft the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 220 fpm before coming down at 140 fpm to touch. The nose came up 5.3° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−135 fpm at touchdown5.6° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 3,989 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 2 ft of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

1,0002,0003,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 3,061 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 3,061 ft past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 3,493 ft of 3,989 ft · 88 %
In the air over the runway, 3,061 ftRollout, 432 ft Left over, 496 ft
Rollout distance49.84
432ft88 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
3.2ft L

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