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MMNG
Nogales, Mexico
Runway 16
Elevation4,006 ft asl
Weight997 kg
Fuel76 kg
Wind218° · 18 kn · 12 kn cross

Flight Score

90.51 %
E78
Sells, United States
Runway 23
Elevation2,408 ft asl
Weight985 kg
Fuel64 kg
Wind212° · 9 kn · 4 kn cross
22 May 2023 0:40 69 nm Cessna Skyhawk 12 kg
Departure Score
93.37 %
Enroute Score
99.70 %
Arrival Score
78.45 %

What went well

Straight touchdown — 1.75 m off the centreline, no bounce
1.08 G at touchdown — inside band
Airborne in 722 m — 40 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Landing and flare profile at 0 %, −2.31 points
Arrival Final 2 — Approach angle 6.2 ° at 0 %, −1.73 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 5.5 ° at 0 %, Heading variation -0.1 ° at 81 %, −1.33 points

Top opportunity

Work on the flare

Arrival Landing

Arrive slow and the sink rate at the threshold is already above schedule, the flare is short because there is no energy to extend it, and the touchdown is hard in a way that feels exactly like a late flare. Diagnosing a slow arrival as a late flare is the catastrophic misread: you respond by flaring earlier, which bleeds more speed, which makes the next one worse. The tiebreaker is threshold speed against VRef, not feel. Never diagnose a flare without it.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 20 stages, 19 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 7 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 11 kt0 kt min to max 22 kt 0 22 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 8 ktmax 13 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle -0.0 °-4.9 ° min to max 1.7 ° -3.3 -1.5 °
Info Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 4.2 ° 1.1 0.3 °

Events

Fail Beacon Light OFF should be ON
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 26 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 20 kt
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 14 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 12 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 12 kt
Departure Roll 90.22Departure roll runway 16 at MMNG Nogales Intl. Takeoff distance 2,444 m 136 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 74 kt. Local weather - Temperature 31 °C. Wind 18 kt at 217 °. Crosswind: 12 kt Headwind: 13 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Takeoff distance 2,444 m136 % of runway
68 % Liftoff speed was 74 ktTarget 62 kt
83 % Runway alignment max 10.71 m6.44 m left to 4.27 m right -4.27 6.44 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.05 g 0.99 1.05 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -1.2 °-2.9 ° min to max 1.7 ° -1.5 1.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 3.8 ° 0.0 3.8 °
Departure Climb 1 96.14Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 16 MMNG Nogales Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
89 % Heading variation -1.3 °-2.0 ° min to max -0.5 ° -0.5 -2.0 °
100 % Average speed 80 kt74 kt min to max 84 kt 74 84 kt
95 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.0 ° min to max 3.9 ° 3.9 3.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.89 g min to max 1.14 g 1.07 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 233 fpm74 fpm min to max 330 fpm 74 330 fpm
Info Average altitude 5 ft agl-2 ft agl min to max 23 ft agl 0 23 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °0.8 ° min to max 4.6 ° 1.9 4.0 °
Departure Climb 2 87.13Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 16 MMNG Nogales Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
86 % Heading variation -2.2 °-3.2 ° min to max -2.0 ° -2.0 -2.1 °
100 % Average speed 85 kt83 kt min to max 89 kt 84 89 kt
63 % Average bank angle 2.3 °0.0 ° min to max 16.1 ° 3.0 10.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.85 g min to max 1.11 g 1.00 0.90 g
Info Average VSI 442 fpm-4 fpm min to max 661 fpm 331 541 fpm
Info Average altitude 71 ft agl40 ft agl min to max 200 ft agl 40 200 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.8 °2.0 ° min to max 6.2 ° 4.0 3.9 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 113 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 127 ft agl · 97 kt
Enroute Climb 97.64Enroute climb started overhead MMNG Nogales Intl Nogales (Estado de Sonora, Mexico). Climbing from 4,211 ft asl to 4,218 ft asl, an increase of 7 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Climb speed 93 kt89 kt min to max 95 ktTarget 86 kt 89 95 kt
100 % Average bank angle 5.2 °2.4 ° min to max 9.1 ° 9.1 4.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.90 g min to max 1.08 g 0.90 1.08 g
Info Average VSI 132 fpm5 fpm min to max 383 fpm 383 196 fpm
Info Average altitude 4,213 ft asl4,211 ft asl min to max 4,218 ft asl 4,211 4,218 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °1.9 ° min to max 4.5 ° 2.9 4.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead MMNG Nogales Intl Nogales (Estado de Sonora, Mexico) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 4,393 ft asl4,225 ft asl min to max 4,524 ft asl 4,225 4,496 ft asl
100 % Average speed 108 kt104 kt min to max 112 kt 109 112 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.9 °0.0 ° min to max 26.3 ° 5.5 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.93 g min to max 1.15 g 1.09 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 4.3 °2.3 ° min to max 7.9 ° 5.3 2.3 °

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched On 196 ft agl · 107 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 196 ft agl · 107 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 187 ft agl · 108 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 185 ft agl · 108 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 225 ft agl · 109 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 279 ft agl · 108 kt
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south west of MMNG Nogales Intl Nogales (Estado de Sonora, Mexico). Climbing from 4,496 ft asl to 7,178 ft asl, an increase of 2,682 ft in 4 minutes and covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 79 kt69 kt min to max 101 kt 98 98 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.0 ° min to max 13.5 ° 1.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.21 g 1.00 1.05 g
Info Average VSI 636 fpm-277 fpm min to max 1,629 fpm -277 170 fpm
Info Average altitude 5,463 ft asl4,486 ft asl min to max 7,178 ft asl 4,496 7,178 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.8 °1.4 ° min to max 11.3 ° 2.3 1.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 407 ft agl · 113 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 361 ft agl · 113 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 593 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,677 ft agl · 96 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 7 miles north west of MMNG Nogales Intl Nogales (Estado de Sonora, Mexico) and lasted 19 minutes, covering 42 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 7,157 ft asl7,128 ft asl min to max 7,180 ft asl 7,172 7,145 ft asl
100 % Average speed 129 kt120 kt min to max 142 kt 124 124 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.0 ° min to max 15.1 ° 0.8 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.19 g 1.06 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-3.6 ° min to max 2.6 ° -0.9 0.5 °

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 2,928 ft agl · 134 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 3,300 ft agl · 132 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched Off 3,294 ft agl · 132 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 3,310 ft agl · 131 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3,245 ft agl · 129 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3,278 ft agl · 129 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 3,278 ft agl · 129 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3,303 ft agl · 129 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 3,303 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3,277 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 3,939 ft agl · 126 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 3,939 ft agl · 126 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 3,946 ft agl · 126 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 3,946 ft agl · 126 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 6 miles east of Topawa (Pima County, Arizona, United States). Descent from 7,142 ft asl to 4,141 ft asl, a decrease of 3,001 ft in 5 minutes and covering 10 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 110 kt98 kt min to max 125 kt 125 100 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.3 °0.0 ° min to max 21.5 ° 0.1 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.90 g min to max 1.18 g 0.98 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -542 fpm-1,490 fpm min to max 86 fpm -63 -41 fpm
Info Average altitude 4,912 ft asl4,141 ft asl min to max 7,145 ft asl 7,142 4,141 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-4.7 ° min to max 3.0 ° 0.8 3.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 4,204 ft agl · 122 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,261 ft agl · 118 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,051 ft agl · 109 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 1,784 ft agl · 106 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,682 ft agl · 102 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 4 miles east of E78 Sells Sells (Arizona, United States) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 4,132 ft asl4,122 ft asl min to max 4,147 ft asl 4,140 4,138 ft asl
100 % Average speed 96 kt89 kt min to max 99 kt 99 89 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.1 °0.1 ° min to max 21.3 ° 1.4 8.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.90 g min to max 1.13 g 1.00 0.90 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °0.7 ° min to max 6.4 ° 3.0 0.8 °

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 1,492 ft agl · 95 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,487 ft agl · 95 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 4 miles east of E78 Sells Sells (Arizona, United States). Descent from 4,129 ft asl to 3,866 ft asl, a decrease of 263 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 96 kt89 kt min to max 101 kt 89 101 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.4 °0.0 ° min to max 6.0 ° 5.3 4.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.05 g 0.98 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -512 fpm-654 fpm min to max -355 fpm -442 -355 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,987 ft asl3,866 ft asl min to max 4,129 ft asl 4,129 3,866 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-1.6 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.9 -1.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 4 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles north east of E78 Sells Sells (Arizona, United States) and lasted less than 1 minute. , covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 3,884 ft asl3,839 ft asl min to max 3,926 ft asl 3,861 3,916 ft asl
100 % Average speed 88 kt74 kt min to max 101 kt 101 74 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.2 °0.1 ° min to max 14.0 ° 4.3 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.90 g min to max 1.21 g 1.03 1.04 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °-0.8 ° min to max 7.6 ° -0.8 3.7 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 1,188 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 1,327 ft agl · 78 kt
Arrival 100.00Arrival started 3 miles north east of E78 Sells Sells (Arizona, United States).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 60 kt57 kt min to max 62 kt 61 57 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.1 ° min to max 3.5 ° 1.2 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.92 g min to max 1.02 g 0.98 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -203 fpm-652 fpm min to max 174 fpm 174 -652 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,893 ft asl3,834 ft asl min to max 3,921 ft asl 3,920 3,834 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-0.8 ° min to max 3.2 ° 3.2 -0.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 3 80.15Approaching runway 23 at E78 Sells from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,413 ft agl to 1,301 ft agl. A decrease of 113 ft in 16 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
34 % Approach angle 5.8 °5.6 ° min to max 6.0 °Target 3.0 ° 5.7 6.0 °
100 % Average speed 61 kt58 kt min to max 63 kt 58 63 kt
100 % Heading variation -1.1 °-1.1 ° min to max -1.0 ° -1.0 -1.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.3 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.6 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.98 g min to max 1.05 g 0.98 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -441 fpm-752 fpm min to max -158 fpm -721 -158 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,345 ft agl1,301 ft agl min to max 1,413 ft agl 1,413 1,301 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-1.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° -0.9 0.5 °
22.252.52.7531,2001,2501,3001,350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-120-90-60-300306090120Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 2 68.82Approaching runway 23 at E78 Sells from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 1,299 ft agl to 603 ft agl. A decrease of 697 ft in 58 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 6.2 °5.6 ° min to max 6.5 °Target 3.0 ° 6.1 5.6 °
100 % Average speed 61 kt57 kt min to max 64 kt 64 57 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.8 °-1.1 ° min to max -0.6 ° -1.0 -1.0 °
94 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 4.2 ° 0.7 1.9 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.91 g min to max 1.05 g 1.05 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -690 fpm-1,041 fpm min to max 52 fpm -98 -914 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,000 ft agl603 ft agl min to max 1,302 ft agl 1,299 603 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.0 °-4.2 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.8 -2.2 °
11.251.51.7525005506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,250Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-100-75-50-250255075100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 76.13Approaching runway 23 at E78 Sells from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 588 ft agl to 103 ft agl. A decrease of 485 ft in 46 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 5.5 °5.3 ° min to max 6.1 °Target 3.0 ° 5.5 5.3 °
100 % Average speed 61 kt58 kt min to max 68 kt 58 61 kt
81 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.7 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.7 0.0 °
99.6 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 2.2 ° 0.9 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.88 g min to max 1.06 g 1.04 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -645 fpm-893 fpm min to max -317 fpm -893 -599 fpm
Info Average altitude 240 ft agl103 ft agl min to max 588 ft agl 588 103 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.9 °-3.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° -1.6 0.1 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450500550Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-60-45-30-15015304560Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 58.44Landing on runway 23 at E78 Sells, runway length 1,750 m. Threshold height at 85 ft agl was significantly above target. Threshold speed was good at 61 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 61 kt. Target 63 kt
34 % Target 50 ft agl
0 % Landing and flare profile
99.6 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 2.0 ° 0.9 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.07 g 1.02 1.03 g
Info Average speed 56 kt49 kt min to max 61 kt 61 49 kt
Info Average VSI -299 fpm-596 fpm min to max -119 fpm -596 -154 fpm
Info Average altitude 31 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 85 ft agl 85 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °0.1 ° min to max 3.8 ° 0.1 3.8 °
07515022530037545052560001734516885Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600-12-10-8-6-4-2024681012Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 95.24Touchdown point was 113 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 49 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was good at -154 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 34 °C. Wind 11 kt at 213 °. Crosswind: 5 kt Headwind: 10 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
89 % Touchdown VSI was -154 fpm.
89 % Touchdown distance was 554 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 49 ktTarget below 48 kt
97 % Runway alignment max 2.29 m2.02 m left 2.29 1.75 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.4 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.8 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g1.02 g min to max 1.08 g 1.03 1.03 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 49 kt48 kt min to max 49 kt 49 48 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °3.3 ° min to max 3.8 ° 3.8 3.3 °
Arrival Rollout 91.90Total landing distance 1,068 m, 61 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,068 m61 % of runway.
82 % Runway alignment max 6.73 m6.73 m left to 0.00 m left 1.72 1.34 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 1.00 g
Info Average speed 45 kt30 kt min to max 50 kt 50 30 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.6 °0.1 ° min to max 3.2 ° 3.2 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.6 °0.2 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.4 0.4 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 10 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 15 kt6 kt min to max 30 kt 30 6 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-1.2 ° min to max 1.0 ° -0.1 0.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.4 0.6 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g

Takeoff

100.00Takeoff roll722 m · 40 %
68.10Liftoff speed74 kt · target 62, 12 fast
83.01Runway alignment6.44 m L
OkBounce on takeoffNone
96.14Rate of climb242 fpm

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

33.91Threshold height64 ft
100.00Threshold speed60 kt · on target
99.64Centreline offset0.06 m L

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

The approach, gate by gate

Gate Height Centreline Speed
2.0 nm 1,317 ft 1.35° R +2 kt
1.5 nm 1,122 ft 1.04° R +1 kt
1.0 nm 748 ft 1.32° R +1 kt
0.5 nm 380 ft 0.60° R +8 kt
THR 86 ft 1.53 m L +1 kt

Touchdown on E78 23

Past threshold89.22
556m
Centreline97.35
1.75m L
Speed100.00
49kttarget 57 or less
Touchdown rate89.02
-154fpm
Impact100.00
1.08G
BouncesOk
None

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

64 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 64 ft, down at 556 m

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,750 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD CROSS 5 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 556 m past threshold CLEARED

Touched down 556 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,054 m of 1,750 m · 60 %
Rollout distance100.00
499m60 % used
Rollout alignment82.01
6.73m L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The flight in question was conducted in a Cessna Skyhawk aircraft. The pre-flight taxiing process took 7 minutes and covered a distance of 1 nautical mile (nm) from the parking area to the runway. The aircraft departed from runway 16 at MMNG Nogales Intl. Airport in Nogales, Mexico, with a takeoff distance of 2,444 meters, which was 136% of the runway length. The liftoff speed was 74 knots.

The local weather conditions at the time of departure were characterized by a temperature of 31 degrees Celsius, with a wind speed of 18 knots at 217 degrees. This resulted in a crosswind of 12 knots and a headwind of 13 knots. The aircraft climbed to an altitude of 4,211 feet above sea level (asl) before leveling off and cruising for a short period. The climb and cruise phases were conducted in a relatively short distance, with the aircraft covering less than 1 nm in less than 1 minute.

As the aircraft continued its enroute climb, it ascended to an altitude of 7,178 ft asl, an increase of 2,682 ft in 4 minutes, covering a distance of 7 nm. The aircraft then leveled off and cruised for 19 minutes, covering a distance of 42 nm. The descent phase began 6 miles east of Topawa, Arizona, where the aircraft descended from 7,142 ft asl to 4,141 ft asl, a decrease of 3,001 ft in 5 minutes, covering a distance of 10 nm.

The aircraft continued its descent and leveled off for a short period before beginning its final approach to runway 23 at E78 Sells Airport in Arizona. The final approach was conducted from the north-east, with the aircraft heading 238.0 degrees at 2 nm and 1,413 ft above ground level (agl). The landing was conducted on a runway with a length of 1,750 meters, and the threshold height was significantly above the target height. However, the threshold speed was good at 61 knots.

The touchdown point was 113 meters beyond the touchdown zone, and the touchdown speed was a little fast at 49 knots. The touchdown rate was good at -154 feet per minute (fpm), and the runway touchdown alignment was very good. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 34 degrees Celsius, with a wind speed of 11 knots at 213 degrees. This resulted in a crosswind of 5 knots and a headwind of 10 knots.

The total landing distance was 1,068 meters, which was 61% of the runway length. The runway rollout alignment was very good. The total flight distance was 69 nm, and the flight duration was 40 minutes. The aircraft used 12 kilograms of fuel during the flight.

Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 16 at MMNG Nogales Intl in the Cessna Skyhawk
93.37 %
100 %
Taxi
Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 7 minutes and covered 1 nm.
Taxi Lights
100 %
Switched On
Ground Speed kt
100 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
100 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
5 2.5 0
Pitch °
Info
2 -1 -4
90.22 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 16 at MMNG Nogales Intl. Takeoff distance 2,444 m 136 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 74 kt. Local weather - Temperature 31 °C. Wind 18 kt at 217 °. Crosswind: 12 kt Headwind: 13 kt.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 2,444 m using 136.3 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
68.1 %
Liftoff speed was 74 kn - Target 62 kn
Alignment
83.01 %
6.44 m left to 4.27 m right
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
80 50 20
Bank °
Info
4 2 0
Pitch °
Info
2 0 -2
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,750-15-10-5051015 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
96.14 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 16 MMNG Nogales Intl.
Alignment
89.44 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
90 80 70
Bank °
95.11 %
4 2 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
5 2.5 0
Climb Rate fpm
Info
400 100 -200
87.12 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 16 MMNG Nogales Intl.
Alignment
85.5 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
90 85 80
Bank °
63 %
17 8.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
7 4.5 2
Climb Rate fpm
Info
700 300 -100
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7500265278104130 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.040.080.120.160.20100 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.040.080.120.160.2-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 23 at E78 Sells in the Cessna Skyhawk
Landing Score 80.43 %
Landing Summary

The Cessna Skyhawk successfully landed at E78 Sells, achieving an overall score of 80.4%. The aircraft approached the runway from the north-east, heading 238.0° at 2 nautical miles and 1,413 feet above ground level (agl). The final approach was executed with a good threshold speed of 61 knots, which is a crucial factor in ensuring a smooth landing.

However, the threshold height at 85 feet agl was significantly above the target, indicating a slight deviation from the ideal approach path. Despite this, the touchdown point was 113 meters beyond the touchdown zone, which is a relatively minor deviation. The touchdown speed of 49 knots was a little fast, but the touchdown rate of -154 feet per minute (fpm) was good, indicating a controlled descent.

The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 34°C and a wind speed of 11 knots from 213°. This resulted in a crosswind of 5 knots and a headwind of 10 knots, which the pilot effectively managed during the landing. The runway touchdown alignment was very good, indicating that the aircraft was properly aligned with the runway.

The total landing distance of 1,068 meters was 61% of the runway length, which is a relatively short distance considering the aircraft's size and weight. The runway rollout alignment was also very good, indicating that the pilot maintained control of the aircraft during the rollout phase. Overall, the landing was successful, but there is room for improvement in terms of threshold height and touchdown speed.

80.15 %
Final 3
Approaching runway 23 at E78 Sells from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,413 ft agl to 1,301 ft agl. A decrease of 113 ft in 16 seconds.
Glideslope
33.82 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
100 %
Excellent heading alignment
Glideslope °
33.82 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
63 57 50
Alignment
100 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
100 %
2 1 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-158 -479 -800
22.252.52.7531,2001,2501,3001,350 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
22.252.52.753-120-90-60-300306090120 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
68.82 %
Final 2
Approaching runway 23 at E78 Sells from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 1,299 ft agl to 603 ft agl. A decrease of 697 ft in 58 seconds.
Glideslope
0 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
100 %
Excellent heading alignment
Glideslope °
0 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
64 57 50
Alignment
100 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
94.08 %
5 2.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
52 -524 -1,100
11.251.51.7525005506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,250 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
11.251.51.752-100-75-50-250255075100 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
76.13 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 23 at E78 Sells from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 588 ft agl to 103 ft agl. A decrease of 485 ft in 46 seconds.
Glideslope
0 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
81.07 %
Good heading alignment
Glideslope °
0 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
68 59 50
Alignment
81.07 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
99.58 %
3 1.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-317 -608 -900
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450500550 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-60-45-30-15015304560 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
58.44 %
Landing
Landing on runway 23 at E78 Sells, runway length 1,750 m. Threshold height at 85 ft agl was significantly above target. Threshold speed was good at 61 kt.
Height
33.91 %
Threshold height at 85 ft agl was significantly above target. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
100 %
Threshold speed was good at 61 kt. Target 63 kt
Flare
0 %
Very poor landing flare
Centreline ft
99.64 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
100 %
2 1 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
61 50 40
Pitch °
Info
4 2 0
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-119 -359 -600
07515022530037545052560001734516885 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075150225300375450525600-12-10-8-6-4-2024681012 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
95.24 %
Touchdown
Touchdown point was 113 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 49 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was good at -154 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 34 °C. Wind 11 kt at 213 °. Crosswind: 5 kt Headwind: 10 kt.
Touchdown
89.02 %
Touchdown rate was good at -154 fpm.
Speed
100 %
Touchdown speed at 49 kt was a little fast. Target below 48 kn
Distance
89.43 %
Touchdown point was 113 m beyond the touchdown zone.
Alignment
97.35 %
Runway touchdown alignment was very good.
Bank
100 %
Bank angle 0.6 °
G
100 %
G 1.05 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
91.9 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 1,068 m, 61 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 1,068 m using 61.03 % of runway
Alignment
82.01 %
Runway rollout alignment was very good.
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
48 34 20
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
4 2 0
02004006008001,000 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
Metrics
Metrics

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