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KIND
Indianapolis, United States
Runway 23L
Elevation787 ft asl
Weight490,349 lbs
Fuel56,126 lbs
Wind330° · 2 kn · 2 kn cross

Flight Score

99.39 %
KPHL
Philadelphia, United States
Runway 27R
Elevation13 ft asl
Weight466,532 lbs
Fuel32,019 lbs
Wind230° · 4 kn · 2 kn cross
10 Nov 2026 1:21 545 nm McDonnell Douglas MD-11 24,107 lbs
Departure Score
99.05 %
Enroute Score
99.11 %
Arrival Score
100.00 %

What went well

Touched down at -224 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 1,305 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 42 ft and 165 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Departure Climb 3 — climb speed 169 kt against 193 kt at 88 %, −0.32 points
Enroute Descent — 250 kt exceeded below 10,000 ft; speed limits at 80 %, −0.30 points

Next time

Departure

Lower the nose and add power to raise climb speed to 193 kt.

What happened: Climb speed was 169 kt against a target of 193 kt, running 24 kt slow through the climb.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator against the climb target of 193 kt.

See Departure Climb 3

Between four hundred and a thousand feet you're heavy, close to the ground and still carrying flap, and speed is the margin holding all three apart. Slow here doesn't feel like anything — the aeroplane climbs, the nose is up, nothing complains — right up until a turn, a gust or a bank tightens the wing's job and the margin is already gone. The fix is rarely "fly faster", it's lowering the nose a degree and letting the speed build before the next thing you do. Pitch buys altitude, speed buys options, and at this height options are the scarcer of the two.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 21 stages, 19 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 5 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 8 kt0 kt min to max 11 kt 3 9 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.1 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.2 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 16 ft agl
Info Engine 3 Started 16 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 16 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 16 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 3 16 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 16 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 12 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 23L at KIND Indianapolis International Airport, Average speed was 8 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 9 kt8 kt min to max 11 kt 9 11 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-0.3 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 8 kt
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 23L at KIND Indianapolis International Airport. Takeoff distance 5,748 ft 58 % of runway. Rotation speed was 152 kt. Local weather - Temperature 65 °F. Wind 2 kt at 330 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Tailwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 5,748 ft58 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 152 ktTarget 156 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 13.2 ft right0.2 ft left to 13.2 ft right -1.6 -13.2 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.09 g 1.00 1.09 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-0.3 ° min to max 8.5 ° -0.3 8.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.2 1.0 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23L KIND Indianapolis International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average speed 167 kt163 kt min to max 170 kt 163 170 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 1.1 °0.8 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.0 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.13 g1.09 g min to max 1.17 g 1.09 1.17 g
Info Average VSI 784 fpm242 fpm min to max 1,417 fpm 242 1,417 fpm
Info Average altitude 10 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 27 ft agl 0 27 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.3 °8.6 ° min to max 12.2 ° 8.6 12.2 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23L KIND Indianapolis International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.3 °
100 % Average speed 170 kt170 kt min to max 171 kt 170 171 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.9 °0.1 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.9 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.13 g1.01 g min to max 1.16 g 1.16 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 1,888 fpm1,435 fpm min to max 3,073 fpm 1,435 3,073 fpm
Info Average altitude 74 ft agl28 ft agl min to max 343 ft agl 28 343 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 13.4 °12.3 ° min to max 16.1 ° 12.3 16.1 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 137 ft agl · 174 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 177 ft agl · 174 kt
Departure Climb 3 95.25Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 23L KIND Indianapolis International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
88 % Climb speed 169 kt166 kt min to max 170 ktTarget 193 kt, 24 kt slow 170 166 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 1.6 °0.1 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.1 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.96 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 0.96 g
100 % Landing gear up at 86 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 0.3 °0.3 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.3 °
Info Average VSI 3,433 fpm3,153 fpm min to max 3,669 fpm 3,153 3,669 fpm
Info Average altitude 645 ft agl394 ft agl min to max 899 ft agl 394 899 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 17.4 °16.3 ° min to max 18.2 ° 16.3 18.2 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south west of KIND Indianapolis International Airport Indianapolis (Indiana, United States). Climbing from 1,752 ft asl to 34,989 ft asl, an increase of 33,237 ft in 17 minutes and covering 125 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 248 kt163 kt min to max 308 kt 166 278 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 29.6 °0.0 ° min to max 29.6 ° 1.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.81 g min to max 1.19 g 0.94 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 2,284 fpm14 fpm min to max 3,670 fpm 3,670 14 fpm
Info Average altitude 14,508 ft asl1,752 ft asl min to max 34,989 ft asl 1,752 34,989 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 9.0 °2.9 ° min to max 18.1 ° 18.1 2.9 °
Info Turn coordination -5-41 min to max 18 -14 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 1,496 ft agl · 169 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 7,918 ft agl · 259 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9,493 ft agl · 287 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles west of 3OH3 Pelz Field South Vienna (Ohio, United States) and lasted 25 minutes, covering 228 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,249 ft of 34,990 ft asl34,946 ft asl min to max 35,006 ft asl 34,986 34,998 ft asl
100 % Average speed 278 kt277 kt min to max 279 kt 277 278 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 18.1 °0.0 ° min to max 18.1 ° 0.1 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.93 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 0-10 min to max 8 0 1
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °2.7 ° min to max 3.2 ° 3.0 2.9 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Sidman (Pennsylvania, United States). Descent from 34,995 ft asl to 17,838 ft asl, a decrease of 17,157 ft in 10 minutes and covering 88 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 323 kt276 kt min to max 335 kt 278 330 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 16.5 °0.0 ° min to max 16.5 ° 0.5 0.6 °
99.98 % Average g force 1.02 g0.69 g min to max 1.17 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -1,399 fpm-4,211 fpm min to max 19 fpm 19 -252 fpm
Info Average altitude 22,844 ft asl17,838 ft asl min to max 35,001 ft asl 34,995 17,838 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-2.3 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.9 1.4 °
Info Turn coordination 1-4 min to max 13 0 4
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Bressler (Pennsylvania, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 12 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,390 ft of 17,617 ft asl17,438 ft asl min to max 17,798 ft asl 17,798 17,438 ft asl
100 % Average speed 330 kt330 kt min to max 331 kt 330 330 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 0-1 min to max 1 -1 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °1.4 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.4 1.4 °
Enroute Descent 2 91.97Enroute descent started 3 miles north east of Rheems (Pennsylvania, United States). Descent from 17,230 ft asl to 7,997 ft asl, a decrease of 9,233 ft in 7 minutes and covering 42 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
80 % Average speed 308 kt244 kt min to max 334 kt 333 244 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 12.2 °0.0 ° min to max 12.2 ° 0.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.06 g 1.02 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -1,748 fpm-2,532 fpm min to max 28 fpm -2,498 24 fpm
Info Average altitude 12,006 ft asl7,992 ft asl min to max 17,230 ft asl 17,230 7,997 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-1.8 ° min to max 3.4 ° -1.5 3.3 °
Info Turn coordination -1-11 min to max 19 0 1

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 9,384 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 9,255 ft agl · 305 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Activated 7,952 ft agl · 300 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south of Chester Springs (Pennsylvania, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±900 ft of 7,995 ft asl7,990 ft asl min to max 7,998 ft asl 7,995 7,995 ft asl
100 % Average speed 245 kt244 kt min to max 245 kt 245 244 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 0-3 min to max 10 -1 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °3.2 ° min to max 3.6 ° 3.2 3.3 °
Enroute Descent 3 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile north of Devon (Pennsylvania, United States). Descent from 7,996 ft asl to 3,196 ft asl, a decrease of 4,799 ft in 6 minutes and covering 27 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 216 kt185 kt min to max 247 kt 245 187 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 29.0 °0.0 ° min to max 29.0 ° 0.6 1.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.95 g min to max 1.16 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -1,032 fpm-1,484 fpm min to max 74 fpm 33 72 fpm
Info Average altitude 5,140 ft asl3,186 ft asl min to max 7,997 ft asl 7,996 3,196 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °-0.7 ° min to max 5.2 ° 3.3 5.2 °
Info Turn coordination 4-24 min to max 35 -1 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 7,016 ft agl · 276 kt
Enroute Level 4 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south of Moorestown-Lenola (New Jersey, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±660 ft of 3,169 ft asl2,897 ft asl min to max 3,214 ft asl 3,210 2,897 ft asl
100 % Average speed 186 kt185 kt min to max 188 kt 186 187 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 16.4 °0.1 ° min to max 16.4 ° 6.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 8-10 min to max 29 7 0
Info Average pitch angle 4.6 °2.3 ° min to max 5.0 ° 5.0 2.3 °
Enroute Descent 4 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile south east of Collingswood (New Jersey, United States). Descent from 2,762 ft asl to 1,294 ft asl, a decrease of 1,468 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 166 kt164 kt min to max 185 kt 185 166 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.5 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.05 g 0.98 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -669 fpm-1,812 fpm min to max -424 fpm -761 -673 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,645 ft asl1,294 ft asl min to max 2,762 ft asl 2,762 1,294 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.2 °-0.3 ° min to max 5.0 ° 2.2 4.1 °
Info Turn coordination 0-9 min to max 12 2 1

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 2,683 ft agl · 191 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2,659 ft agl · 188 kt
Info Flaps Position 6 2,382 ft agl · 179 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 27R at KPHL Philadelphia International Airport. Descent from 1,313 ft agl to 81 ft agl in 89 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 966 ft agl · 168 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 994 ft agl · 168 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 1,006 ft agl · 168 kt
Arrival Landing 100.00Landing on runway 27R at KPHL Philadelphia International Airport, runway length 9,519 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 166 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 166 kt. Target 162 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
100 % Perfect landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 3.8 ft left3.8 ft left to 0.6 ft left 3.8 0.7 ft
100 % Steepest bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.7 0.6 °
100 % Peak g force 1.13 g1.01 g min to max 1.13 g 1.01 1.04 g
Info Average speed 164 kt161 kt min to max 166 kt 166 161 kt
Info Average VSI -528 fpm-833 fpm min to max -246 fpm -833 -246 fpm
Info Average altitude 12 ft agl-9 ft agl min to max 43 ft agl 43 -9 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.3 °3.8 ° min to max 6.5 ° 3.8 6.5 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Approach 994 ft agl · 168 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 30 ft agl · 164 kt
02505007501,0001,2501,50001223354658Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,500-90-72-54-36-1801836547290Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 100.00Touchdown distance was good at 1,304 ft. Touchdown speed at 161 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was fair at -224 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 57 °F. Wind 4 kt at 230 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 4 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -224 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 1,305 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 161 ktTarget below 159 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.0 ft left1.2 ft left 0.7 2.0 ft
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.6 °0.2 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.2 °
100 % Peak g force 1.27 g1.04 g min to max 1.27 g 1.04 1.10 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 160 kt160 kt min to max 161 kt 161 160 kt
Info Average pitch angle 6.5 °6.5 ° min to max 6.6 ° 6.5 6.6 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 4,807 ft, 50 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 4,807 ft50 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 7.4 ft right2.6 ft left to 7.4 ft right 2.6 -2.2 ft
100 % Average g force 1.01 g1.00 g min to max 1.09 g 1.09 1.00 g
Info Average speed 121 kt79 kt min to max 156 kt 156 79 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °-0.2 ° min to max 7.3 ° 6.6 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.2 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 48 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 44 kt13 kt min to max 79 kt 79 13 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.2 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 16 ft agl · 24 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 16 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 15 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 9 kt0 kt min to max 13 kt 13 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 2 kt

Takeoff from KIND 23L

Taxi out

LightsOk
All on
Taxi speed100.00
11kt peak

The roll

Takeoff roll100.00
5,748ft58 %
Runway alignment100.00
13.2ft R
Rotation speed100.00
152kttarget 156, 4 early

Liftoff pitch close to a tail strike

The wheels left at 8.6°, 0.9° short of this aircraft's 9.5° tail strike.

The tail can only touch while the main wheels are still on the runway, so the margin that matters is the one at liftoff. Rotate at the rotate speed, at the normal rate, and let the aircraft fly itself off at its own attitude: keep the pull going towards the climb attitude only once the wheels have left. Rotating early, or pulling faster than the aircraft can lift off, is what eats the margin.

Liftoff and climb

Liftoff
163ktat 8.6°
Rotation
2.2°/sover 3.7 s, gaining 11 kt
35 ft
170ktat 12.7°, 4.1 s after liftoff
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Bank after liftoff100.00
1.1°steepest
Gear up100.00
86ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed88.13
169kttarget 193

Plan view the roll down the 9,991 ft runway.

Rolled from 446 ft in, drifted right of the centreline, 13 ft at the widest, and lifted off 13 ft right. Airborne 57 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

2,0004,0006,0008,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 12.5 ft RROLL 446 FT INAirborne 5,764 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 5,764 ft of 9,991 ft · 58 %
Behind the start of the roll, 446 ftTakeoff roll, 5,317 ft Left ahead, 4,227 ft

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 900 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 3,045 ft of runway left; gear up at 86 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,460 fpm on average to 900 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3169 kt avgtarget 193THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120140KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLnose up on the runway · 1,021 ft · 3.7 sRotate 152 kttarget 156Liftoff 163 ktGear up 86 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayNose up, wheels on the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 193180 kt12060020°10°0°nose up on the runway · 1,021 ft · 3.7 sROTATELIFTOFFGEAR UPtarget 156held 14.7°8.6° off · 2.2°/s13° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganNose up, wheels on the runwayClimb attitude heldClimb 3

Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 35 ft, where the slope reads properly.

How to read this

The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 35 ft, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 2 to 3° a second, the rates airliners are rotated at: a trace steeper than both is a faster rotation, one shallower than both a slower one. The red dashed line is 9.5°, the pitch at which this aircraft's tail touches the runway with the wheels still on it, drawn from rotation to liftoff only: once the wheels leave, every foot climbed adds tail clearance.

20°10°0°2°/s3°/sTAIL STRIKE 9.5°ROTATELIFTOFF35 FT8.6° off · 2.2°/s13° at 35 ftROTATION DETAIL-2-10+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8 sseconds from rotation
PitchRotation began2 to 3°/s from rotationTail strikeNose up, wheels on the runway

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate840 fpm1,060 fpm
On glideslope3.0°3.2°
On centreline0.1° off0.1° off
On speed+4.0 kt+3.6 kt
Wings level1° bank1° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KPHL 27R

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 40 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,2766943521961,000 ft gate7 of 71,036 ft · 166 kt500 ft gate7 of 7551 ft · 166 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 31× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 40 ft off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR100 ft L0100 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND7 ft L4 ft L20 ft R13 ft R37 ft R9 ft L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 41 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 24 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between +2 kt and +4 kt on the approach speed of 162 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

160180200220 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 162+4 kt+3 kt+3 kt+4 kt+4 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KPHL 27R

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
42ft
Threshold speed100.00
165kttarget 162, 3 fast
Centreline offset100.00
3.8ft L
Bank100.00
1.0°steepest
Flare100.00

Perfect landing flare

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
1,305ft
Centreline100.00
2.0ft L
Speed100.00
161kttarget 158, 3 fast
Touchdown rate100.00
-224fpm
Impact100.00
1.27G
BouncesOk
None
Bank100.00
0.6°as the wheels touched

Rollout

Rollout distance100.00
3,318ft49 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
7.4ft R

Taxi in

LightsOk
All set
Taxi speed100.00
13kt peak

Side view — the last 5,023 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 42 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 24 ft. Touched down 1,305 ft in, 305 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,023 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

42 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 24 ft · −648 fpm · 4.9° · 165 ktdescent slowed at 1 ft · −239 fpm · 6.5°−223 fpm · 6.5° nose up · 161 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 42 ft, down at 1,305 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 650 fpm at the flare to 220 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.6° on the way down. Into the flare at 165 kt, 3 kt over the 162 kt approach speed, and 161 kt at touchdown.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−223 fpm at touchdown6.5° at touchdown, +1.6° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 5,023 ft of the 9,519 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 11 ft left at the widest. Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 230° at 4 kt · 4 kt head · 1 kt across

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 1,305 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 1,305 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 4,623 ft of 9,519 ft · 49 %
In the air over the runway, 1,305 ftRollout, 3,318 ft Left over, 4,896 ft

The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.

From 157 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 40 s, an average deceleration of 0.17 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012016060 kt · 3,899 ft30 kt · 5,333 fttouchdown5,546 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The MD-11 taxied from the parking area to runway 23L at Indianapolis International Airport (KIND) in 5 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.

Take-off was on runway 23L. The aircraft used 5,748 ft of runway, which was 58 % of the available length. Rotation occurred at 152 kt. Local weather was 65 °F with a wind of 2 kt from 330°, a 2 kt crosswind and a 1 kt tailwind.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl lasted 20 seconds, averaging 2,341 fpm and reaching 166 kt at the top of the segment.

The climb continued from 1,752 ft asl to 34,989 ft asl in 17 minutes, covering 125 nm, beginning about 1 mile south-west of KIND.

Cruise was level at 35,000 ft asl for 25 minutes, covering 228 nm, beginning about 3 miles west of Pelz Field (3OH3).

Descent began from 34,995 ft asl to 1,294 ft asl in 29 minutes, covering 185 nm, starting overhead Sidman with brief level-offs at 17,600 ft asl and 8,000 ft asl.

Final approach to runway 27R at Philadelphia International Airport (KPHL) descended from 1,313 ft agl to 81 ft agl in 89 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed and wings level. Configuration on final was landing gear down at 2,683 ft agl at 191 kt and final flap position 6 at 2,382 ft agl at 179 kt.

Landing on runway 27R, which is 9,519 ft long, had a good threshold height and a threshold speed of 166 kt. The flare was described as perfect. Touchdown occurred 1,304 ft down the runway at 161 kt, a little fast, with a fair touchdown rate of minus 224 fpm and perfect runway-touchdown alignment. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 4,807 ft, 50 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was perfect. Local weather was 57 °F with a wind of 4 kt from 230°, a 2 kt crosswind and a 4 kt headwind.

After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in 3 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.

The flight covered 545 nm in 81 minutes and used 24,107 lb of fuel.

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