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KOAK
Oakland, United States
Runway 30
Elevation3 ft asl
Weight573,946 lbs
Fuel140,714 lbs
Wind160° · 4 kn · 2 kn cross

Flight Score

99.69 %
KEWR
Newark, United States
Runway 04R
Elevation10 ft asl
Weight476,639 lbs
Fuel42,804 lbs
Wind329° · 5 kn · 4 kn cross
31 Oct 2026 5:01 2469 nm McDonnell Douglas MD-11 97,910 lbs
Departure Score
100.00 %
Enroute Score
99.22 %
Arrival Score
99.86 %

What went well

Touched down at -169 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 1,564 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 36 ft and 167 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Enroute Descent — 250 kt exceeded below 10,000 ft; speed limits at 87 %, −0.26 points

Next time

Slow the descent speed

See Enroute Descent

Below 10,000 ft you are typically limited to 250 kt indicated (a US rule that much of the world mirrors in some form, though not universally). This forces a deceleration around 10,000 ft whether the profile wants one or not, so plan for it rather than discovering it.

Read more in Descent Planning

Start to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 10 minutes and covered 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 12 kt0 kt min to max 21 kt 0 5 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.3 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 16 ft agl
Info Engine 3 Started 16 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Activated 16 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 16 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 16 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Engine 2 Started 16 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 16 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Flaps Position 5 16 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 17 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 4 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 30 at KOAK San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport, Average speed was 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 5 kt4 kt min to max 6 kt 5 6 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.2 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 30 at KOAK San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport. Takeoff distance 6,712 ft 65 % of runway. Rotation speed was 164 kt. Local weather - Temperature 66 °F. Wind 4 kt at 159 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Tailwind: 4 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 6,712 ft65 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 164 ktTarget 159 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 6.3 ft right0.0 ft left to 6.3 ft right -5.8 -2.1 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.08 g 1.00 1.05 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-0.3 ° min to max 7.9 ° -0.1 7.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.0 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 30 KOAK San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 182 kt177 kt min to max 186 kt 177 186 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g1.05 g min to max 1.12 g 1.05 1.12 g
Info Average VSI 517 fpm98 fpm min to max 1,152 fpm 98 1,152 fpm
Info Average altitude 8 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 29 ft agl 0 29 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.0 °8.0 ° min to max 10.8 ° 8.0 10.8 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 30 KOAK San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 186 kt186 kt min to max 187 kt 186 187 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.11 g1.01 g min to max 1.12 g 1.12 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 1,580 fpm1,185 fpm min to max 2,661 fpm 1,185 2,661 fpm
Info Average altitude 70 ft agl30 ft agl min to max 293 ft agl 30 293 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.8 °10.9 ° min to max 14.1 ° 10.9 14.1 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 122 ft agl · 188 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 154 ft agl · 188 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 30 KOAK San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 184 kt180 kt min to max 187 ktTarget 193 kt, 9 kt slow 187 180 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.1 ° min to max 1.3 ° 0.3 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.93 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 0.93 g
100 % Landing gear up at 75 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation -0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.0 °
Info Average VSI 3,090 fpm2,834 fpm min to max 3,245 fpm 2,834 3,144 fpm
Info Average altitude 629 ft agl380 ft agl min to max 890 ft agl 380 890 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 15.5 °14.6 ° min to max 16.2 ° 14.6 15.7 °

Events

Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Deactivated 545 ft agl · 188 kt
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile west of KOAK San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport Oakland (California, United States). Climbing from 963 ft asl to 32,573 ft asl, an increase of 31,610 ft in 20 minutes and covering 137 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 261 kt179 kt min to max 309 kt 180 289 kt
100 % Average bank angle 11.0 °0.0 ° min to max 27.5 ° 0.7 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.79 g min to max 1.13 g 0.92 1.02 g
Info Average VSI 1,986 fpm-777 fpm min to max 3,557 fpm 3,034 534 fpm
Info Average altitude 12,064 ft asl963 ft asl min to max 32,573 ft asl 963 32,573 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.9 °3.4 ° min to max 15.5 ° 15.5 3.8 °
Info Turn coordination -4-31 min to max 27 1 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 9,079 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 1,206 ft agl · 183 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2,123 ft agl · 197 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 10,562 ft agl · 300 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 6 miles south of 5CL0 Grupe Ranch Airport Mariposa (California, United States) and lasted 239 minutes, covering 2,179 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,133 ft of 32,997 ft asl32,670 ft asl min to max 33,014 ft asl 32,670 32,842 ft asl
100 % Average speed 302 kt280 kt min to max 304 kt 288 280 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.0 ° min to max 14.7 ° 0.0 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.14 g 1.01 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 0-36 min to max 44 1 2
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °1.7 ° min to max 4.6 ° 4.0 2.1 °
Enroute Descent 99.90Enroute descent started 2 miles south east of Annapolis (Maryland, United States). Descent from 32,420 ft asl to 27,225 ft asl, a decrease of 5,195 ft in 2 minutes and covering 12 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 298 kt277 kt min to max 312 kt 277 312 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.1 ° min to max 5.0 ° 0.1 0.2 °
99 % Average g force 1.03 g0.79 g min to max 1.36 g 0.79 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -3,412 fpm-6,572 fpm min to max -1,376 fpm -6,572 -1,376 fpm
Info Average altitude 29,141 ft asl27,225 ft asl min to max 32,420 ft asl 32,420 27,225 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.7 °-5.9 ° min to max 1.0 ° -5.9 0.6 °
Info Turn coordination 0-2 min to max 3 0 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Rock Hall (Maryland, United States) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 26 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,854 ft of 26,968 ft asl26,767 ft asl min to max 27,078 ft asl 27,078 26,767 ft asl
100 % Average speed 314 kt312 kt min to max 315 kt 312 315 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.02 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 0-7 min to max 7 0 -7
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °1.5 ° min to max 2.2 ° 1.7 1.8 °
Enroute Descent 2 94.63Enroute descent started 2 miles south west of MD03 Woodstock Airport Chesapeake City (Maryland, United States). Descent from 26,729 ft asl to 8,045 ft asl, a decrease of 18,684 ft in 10 minutes and covering 66 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
87 % Average speed 310 kt250 kt min to max 330 kt 315 250 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 3.5 ° 0.1 0.1 °
99.8 % Average g force 1.00 g0.63 g min to max 1.09 g 1.00 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -1,923 fpm-3,660 fpm min to max -137 fpm -242 -699 fpm
Info Average altitude 16,178 ft asl8,045 ft asl min to max 26,729 ft asl 26,729 8,045 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-2.8 ° min to max 2.1 ° 1.8 2.1 °
Info Turn coordination 0-8 min to max 13 -2 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 9,492 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 9,684 ft agl · 295 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north of Yardley (Pennsylvania, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±899 ft of 7,954 ft asl7,946 ft asl min to max 7,985 ft asl 7,985 7,946 ft asl
100 % Average speed 249 kt248 kt min to max 250 kt 248 249 kt
100 % Average bank angle 9.5 °0.0 ° min to max 21.0 ° 0.1 13.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.99 g min to max 1.08 g 1.00 1.04 g
Info Turn coordination 6-1 min to max 19 0 4
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °3.0 ° min to max 3.6 ° 3.0 3.6 °
Enroute Descent 3 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile south east of Hopewell (New Jersey, United States). Descent from 7,947 ft asl to 1,304 ft asl, a decrease of 6,644 ft in 8 minutes and covering 30 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 201 kt168 kt min to max 251 kt 249 168 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.8 °0.0 ° min to max 16.4 ° 12.3 2.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.10 g 1.04 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -879 fpm-2,247 fpm min to max 125 fpm 86 -857 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,314 ft asl1,304 ft asl min to max 7,960 ft asl 7,947 1,304 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °-1.2 ° min to max 4.8 ° 3.6 3.6 °
Info Turn coordination -2-24 min to max 9 2 0

Events

Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Activated 4,310 ft agl · 264 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3,820 ft agl · 255 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2,139 ft agl · 192 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,139 ft agl · 192 kt
Info Flaps Position 5 2,139 ft agl · 192 kt
Info Flaps Position 6 1,786 ft agl · 175 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 04R at KEWR Newark Liberty International Airport. Descent from 1,321 ft agl to 88 ft agl in 85 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 982 ft agl · 169 kt
Arrival Landing 100.00Landing on runway 04R at KEWR Newark Liberty International Airport, runway length 8,813 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 168 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 168 kt. Target 163 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
100 % Perfect landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 4.0 ft right1.9 ft right to 4.0 ft right -4.0 -2.3 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.7 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.99 g min to max 1.09 g 1.03 0.99 g
Info Average speed 165 kt160 kt min to max 168 kt 168 160 kt
Info Average VSI -369 fpm-696 fpm min to max -174 fpm -696 -220 fpm
Info Average altitude 9 ft agl-7 ft agl min to max 36 ft agl 36 -7 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.9 °4.5 ° min to max 6.6 ° 4.5 6.5 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Approach 982 ft agl · 169 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 35 ft agl · 165 kt
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,75001123344657Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,5001,750-90-72-54-36-1801836547290Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 99.30Touchdown point was 185 ft beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 160 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was good at -169 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 57 °F. Wind 4 kt at 330 °. Crosswind: 4 kt Headwind: 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
97 % Touchdown rate was -169 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 1,564 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 160 ktTarget below 160 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.4 ft right2.2 ft right -2.3 -1.8 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.5 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.9 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.99 g min to max 1.12 g 0.99 1.11 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 160 kt159 kt min to max 160 kt 160 159 kt
Info Average pitch angle 6.4 °6.3 ° min to max 6.5 ° 6.5 6.3 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 5,692 ft, 65 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 5,692 ft65 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 4.5 ft left4.5 ft left to 2.2 ft right 3.4 -2.1 ft
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.10 g 1.10 0.98 g
Info Average speed 117 kt78 kt min to max 155 kt 155 78 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °-0.4 ° min to max 6.3 ° 6.3 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.5 0.1 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 50 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 46 kt6 kt min to max 78 kt 78 8 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.4 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.08 g 0.99 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 16 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 16 ft agl · 11 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 8 minutes and covered 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 15 kt1 kt min to max 23 kt 8 1 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 11 ktmax 11 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.2 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 17 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 164 kt, 5 kt above the 159 kt target, and lifted off at 176 kt 4.3 s later, the nose coming up at 1.7° a second. Climb 3 averaged 184 kt, 9 kt under its 193 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 193210 kt14070020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 1598.0° off · 1.7°/s11° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 2 kt -0.1° 0 s
80 kt1,320 ft 80 kt -0.2° 27.4 s
Rotate5,324 ft · target 159 164 kt 0.4° 45.8 s
Liftoff6,611 ft · +12 kt from rotation 176 kt 8.0° 50.1 s
35 ft8,254 ft · 5.2 s after liftoff 186 kt 11.2° 55.3 s
Gear up9,162 ft · 75 ft · full marks to 400 ft 187 kt 13.0° 58.8 s
Climb 311,435 ft · 380 ft to 890 ft · target 193 184 kt avg 14.6° 65 s
End of Climb 314,652 ft · 890 ft 180 kt 15.7° 76 s

Takeoff from KOAK 30

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
6,712ft65 %
Rotation speed100.00
164kttarget 159, 5 fast
Liftoff speed
176kt
Runway alignment100.00
6.3ft R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
75ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
184kttarget 193
Rate of climb100.00
517fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 890 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 2,027 ft of runway left; gear up at 75 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,100 fpm on average to 890 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3184 kt avgtarget 193THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120140KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 164 kttarget 159Liftoff 176 ktGear up 75 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 10,398 ft runway.

Rolled from 117 ft in, drifted 8 ft right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 64 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

2,0004,0006,0008,00010,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS2 kn75 %widest 8.2 ft RROLL 117 FT INAirborne 6,728 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 6,728 ft of 10,398 ft · 65 %
Behind the start of the roll, 117 ftTakeoff roll, 6,611 ft Left ahead, 3,670 ft

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate880 fpm880 fpm
On glideslope3.0°2.9°
On centreline0.3° off0.2° off
On speed+5.4 kt+6.9 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KEWR 04R

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 50 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,2706403361841,000 ft gate7 of 71,011 ft · 168 kt500 ft gate7 of 7515 ft · 170 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 7× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 190 ft off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR480 ft L0480 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND180 ft L23 ft R54 ft R22 ft R93 ft L26 ft R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 41 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 24 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between +5 kt and +7 kt on the approach speed of 163 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

160180200220 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 163+5 kt+5 kt+5 kt+5 kt+5 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KEWR 04R

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
36ft
Threshold speed100.00
167kttarget 163, 4 fast
Centreline offset100.00
4.0ft R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
1,564ft
Centreline100.00
2.4ft R
Speed100.00
160kttarget 160 or less
Touchdown rate96.51
-169fpm
Impact100.00
1.12G
BouncesOk
None
The flare100.00

Perfect landing flare

The crosswind

3 kt across from the left, which takes about 1° of crab to hold the centreline at 161 kt. Touched down straight - the crab taken out before the wheels touched, wings level.

Wind 329° at 5 kt · 3 kt head · 3 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 157 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 38 s, an average deceleration of 0.17 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012016060 kt · 4,712 ft30 kt · 5,645 fttouchdown5,871 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 5,981 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 36 ft, 14 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 25 ft. Touched down 1,564 ft in, 564 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,981 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

36 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 25 ft · −605 fpm · 5.1° · 167 ktdescent slowed at 2 ft · −161 fpm · 6.4°−169 fpm · 6.5° nose up · 160 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 36 ft, down at 1,564 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 600 fpm at the flare to 170 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.4° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−169 fpm at touchdown6.5° at touchdown, +1.4° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 5,981 ft of the 8,813 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 5 ft of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 3 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 1,564 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 1,564 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 5,581 ft of 8,813 ft · 63 %
In the air over the runway, 1,564 ftRollout, 4,017 ft Left over, 3,232 ft
Rollout distance100.00
4,017ft63 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
4.5ft L

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Flight narrative

The MD-11 departed KOAK San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport on runway 30. The take-off roll used 6,712 ft, 65 % of the runway, and rotation occurred at 164 kt. Local weather was 66 °F with a wind 4 kt from 159°, a 2 kt crosswind and a 4 kt tailwind.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl lasted 23 seconds, averaging 2,052 fpm and reaching 180 kt at the top of the climb. The aircraft then climbed from 963 ft asl to 32,573 ft asl in 20 minutes, covering 137 nm, beginning about 1 mile west of KOAK.

Cruise was maintained at 33,000 ft asl for 239 minutes, covering 2,179 nm, with the aircraft positioned about 6 miles south of 5CL0 Grupe Ranch Airport Mariposa.

Descent began from 32,420 ft asl to 1,304 ft asl in 24 minutes, covering 142 nm, starting 2 miles south-east of Annapolis, with brief level-offs at 27,000 ft asl and 8,000 ft asl.

On final approach to runway 04R at KEWR Newark Liberty International Airport, descent from 1,321 ft agl to 88 ft agl took 85 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed and wings level. Configuration was landing gear down at 2,139 ft agl at 192 kt; final flap position 6 was selected at 1,786 ft agl at 175 kt.

Landing occurred on runway 04R, whose length is 8,813 ft. The threshold speed was 168 kt and the touchdown speed was 160 kt, noted as a little fast. Touchdown was 185 ft beyond the touchdown zone, with a rate of -169 fpm and perfect alignment. The flare was described as perfect, and there was no bounce. Total landing distance was 5,692 ft, 65 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was perfect.

After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in 8 minutes, covering 2 nm. The overall flight covered 2,469 nm in 301 minutes and used 97,910 lbs of fuel.

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