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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Keep the approach speed on target
Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.
Read more in VRef ExplainedStart to finish · 15 stages, 13 scored
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Two stabilised approach gates, each with six checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
The approach, gate by gate
Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.
Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 8,782 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 58 ft short of the threshold. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The Cessna 750 Citation X taxied from the parking area to runway 26 at KABQ Albuquerque International Sunport in 18 minutes, covering a ground distance of 4 nm.
During the departure roll on runway 26, the aircraft accelerated through 4,073 ft, representing 30 % of the runway length, and lifted off at 137 kt. Ambient conditions were 64 °F with a 2-kt wind from 270°, providing a 2-kt headwind and no crosswind.
Climb commenced overhead KABQ, with the jet climbing from 5,687 ft asl to 29,224 ft asl, a gain of 23,537 ft achieved in 10 minutes while covering 60 nm.
Cruise began 8 mi west of Los Alamos, New Mexico, and was maintained for 70 minutes, during which the aircraft flew 625 nm at level altitude.
Descent started 8 mi south of KLEM Lemmon Municipal Airport, South Dakota, descending from 29,861 ft asl to 2,937 ft asl, a loss of 26,924 ft in 16 minutes and spanning 92 nm.
The final approach to runway 13 at KBIS Bismarck Municipal Airport was executed from the north-west on a heading of 138.0° at 4 nm and 1,271 ft agl, followed by a further descent from 1,311 ft agl to 59 ft agl in 103 seconds, meeting the stabilisation gate criteria.
Landing on runway 13, which is 8,782 ft long, was completed with a touchdown speed of 97 kt and a touchdown distance of 818 ft. The aircraft touched down with a vertical rate of minus 512 fpm, positioned 21 ft off the centreline, and the total landing roll measured 3,131 ft (36 % of the runway). Local weather at the time was 59 °F with a 2-kt wind from 270°, a 1-kt crosswind component and a 1-kt tailwind component.
Runway rollout alignment was reported as very good, confirming the aircraft remained on the centreline after touchdown.
The aircraft taxied from the runway to the parking area in 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm.
In total, the flight covered 790 nm, required 105 minutes of elapsed time, and consumed 377 lb of fuel.
The Cessna 750 Citation X entered the final approach to runway 13 at KBIS Bismarck Municipal Airport from the north-west on a heading of 138.0° at 4 nm and 1,271 ft agl. The approach was assessed as stabilised at the 1,000 ft gate, with gear, flaps, sink rate, glideslope, centreline and speed all within limits, and the aircraft descended from 1,311 ft agl to 59 ft agl in 103 seconds, scoring on the stabilisation gates.
At threshold the height was good and the threshold speed was 97 kt, noted as well below target with a reminder to take care not to stall.
Touchdown occurred 818 ft down the runway at a speed of 97 kt, which was judged good, but the touchdown rate was very hard at minus 512 fpm and the touchdown point was slightly misaligned by 21 ft from the centreline.
The total landing distance was 3,131 ft, representing 36 % of the 8,782 ft runway, and the runway rollout alignment was very good.
To reduce the hard touchdown, a slightly higher flare height and a more gradual reduction of descent rate should be practiced, while maintaining a touchdown speed closer to the target to avoid the low-speed stall risk noted at 97 kt.
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