The flight in the Piper PA28-236 Dakota aircraft began with a depart roll onto runway 23 at CNQ3 Niagara Central Dorothy Rungeling Airport. The aircraft required a takeoff distance of 1,245 feet, which accounted for 36% of the runway. The liftoff speed reached 77 knots.
As conditions were ideal, the pilot took advantage of the favorable weather to initiate an enroute climb overhead CNQ3. Starting from an altitude of 1,024 feet above sea level, the aircraft accelerated upwards to 3,898 feet in just 2 minutes, covering a distance of 3 nautical miles. Following the initial climb, the aircraft transitioned into level cruise at 3 miles north west of Welland.
Cruising took place for a duration of 15 minutes as the aircraft moved 6 nautical miles across the air space. This was followed by the initiation of the enroute descent 3 miles north east of Welland. The aircraft descended 2,458 feet from an initial altitude of 3,570 feet above sea level to a final altitude of 1,113 feet in just 3 minutes, maintaining pace with the distance of 6 nautical miles covered.
With runway 23 at CNQ3 in sight, the pilot prepared the aircraft for the final approach, aligning their heading with 218.0° from a distance of 1 nautical mile and at an altitude of 504 feet above ground level. A gentle touchdown onto the runway was executed, as the threshold speed of 73 knots was respected and the touchdown speed of 52 knots was achieved. A very long touchdown was made, consuming more than 50% of the runway.
Following the touch down, the aircraft's landing distance covered 73% of the runway's length at 2,535 feet. Runway rollout alignment, however, was perfect. Taxiing off the runway to reach the parking area, completed in under a minute and required less than 1 nautical mile to accomplish.
Lastly, the flight totalled 17 nautical miles in distance and lasted 24 minutes, using a total of 22 pounds of fuel.
Replay this flight in 3D — the full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Entering runway 23 at CNQ3 Niagara Central Dorothy Rungeling Airport, Average speed was 5 kt.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| Info |
Average speed 4 kt 0 kt min to max 11 kt |
0 | 11 kt | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 1.8 ° 0.0 ° min to max 3.6 ° |
0.0 | 3.4 ° | |
| Info |
Average bank angle 0.5 ° 0.0 ° min to max 2.6 ° |
0.0 | 2.6 ° | |
| Info |
Average g force 0.83 g 0.61 g min to max 1.00 g |
0.61 | 0.98 g | |
| Info |
Battery Master On at 19:30:58 |
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| Info |
Engine 1 Started at 19:30:58 |
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| Info |
Beacon Lights Switched On at 19:30:58 |
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| Info |
Parking Brake On at 19:30:58 |
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| Info |
Parking Brake Off at 19:31:06 |
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| Info |
Navigation Lights Switched On at 19:31:06 |
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| Info |
Strobe Lights Switched On at 19:31:06 |
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| Info |
Taxi Lights Switched On at 19:31:06 |
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| Info |
Beacon Lights Switched Off at 19:31:47 |
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| Info |
Navigation Lights Switched Off at 19:31:47 |
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| Info |
Strobe Lights Switched Off at 19:31:47 |
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| Info |
Taxi Lights Switched Off at 19:31:47 |
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| Info |
Parking Brake On at 19:31:47 |
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| Info |
Beacon Lights Switched On at 19:31:48 |
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| Info |
Landing Lights Switched On at 19:31:48 |
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| Info |
Navigation Lights Switched On at 19:31:48 |
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| Info |
Strobe Lights Switched On at 19:31:48 |
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| Info |
Taxi Lights Switched On at 19:31:48 |
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| Info |
Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated at 19:31:48 |
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| Info |
Landing Gear Down at 19:31:48 |
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| Info |
Pitot Heat Switched On at 19:31:48 |
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| Info |
Parking Brake Off at 19:31:57 |
Departure roll runway 23 at CNQ3 Niagara Central Dorothy Rungeling Airport. Takeoff distance 1,245 ft 36 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 77 kt. Local weather - Temperature 60 °F. Wind 1 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Takeoff distance 1,245 ft 36 % of runway |
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| 100 % |
Average speed 54 kt 1 kt min to max 77 kt |
1 | 77 kt | |
| 100 % |
Runway alignment max 2.7 ft 0.8 ft left to 1.9 ft right |
-0.0 | -1.9 ft | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 0.99 g 0.96 g min to max 1.14 g |
1.00 | 1.14 g | |
| 100 % |
Takeoff Bounce |
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| Info |
Average pitch angle 2.2 ° 1.2 ° min to max 4.6 ° |
3.2 | 4.6 ° | |
| Info |
Average bank angle 0.3 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° |
0.3 | 0.5 ° |
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23 CNQ3 Niagara Central Dorothy Rungeling Airport.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Heading variation 0.1 ° 0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° |
0.1 | 0.1 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 82 kt 77 kt min to max 86 kt |
77 | 86 kt | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 0.3 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° |
0.6 | 0.2 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.06 g 1.02 g min to max 1.19 g |
1.15 | 1.05 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI 566 fpm 367 fpm min to max 751 fpm |
367 | 751 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 21 ft agl 0 ft agl min to max 49 ft agl |
0 | 49 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 6.8 ° 4.8 ° min to max 8.4 ° |
4.8 | 8.4 ° |
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23 CNQ3 Niagara Central Dorothy Rungeling Airport.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Heading variation 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° |
0.1 | 0.8 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 88 kt 86 kt min to max 91 kt |
86 | 91 kt | |
| 64.84 % |
Average bank angle 1.7 ° 0.0 ° min to max 15.4 ° |
0.0 | 15.4 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.03 g 0.96 g min to max 1.07 g |
1.05 | 0.99 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI 1,021 fpm 758 fpm min to max 1,352 fpm |
758 | 1,186 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 111 ft agl 50 ft agl min to max 367 ft agl |
50 | 367 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 9.6 ° 8.5 ° min to max 10.5 ° |
8.5 | 8.9 ° |
Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 23 CNQ3 Niagara Central Dorothy Rungeling Airport.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Heading variation 1.8 ° 1.6 ° min to max 2.1 ° |
1.6 | 2.1 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 92 kt 92 kt min to max 93 kt |
92 | 93 kt | |
| 64.82 % |
Average bank angle 15.3 ° 15.2 ° min to max 15.4 ° |
15.4 | 15.2 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.01 g 1.00 g min to max 1.01 g |
1.00 | 1.01 g | |
| 100 % |
Landing gear up |
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| Info |
Average VSI 1,098 fpm 1,068 fpm min to max 1,133 fpm |
1,133 | 1,068 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 403 ft agl 385 ft agl min to max 420 ft agl |
385 | 420 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 8.4 ° 8.3 ° min to max 8.6 ° |
8.6 | 8.3 ° |
Enroute climb started overhead CNQ3 Niagara Central Dorothy Rungeling Airport Welland (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,024 ft asl to 3,898 ft asl, an increase of 2,874 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Average speed 95 kt 90 kt min to max 113 kt |
93 | 113 kt | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 10.0 ° 0.2 ° min to max 22.7 ° |
15.0 | 1.4 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.01 g 0.84 g min to max 1.14 g |
1.02 | 0.99 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI 1,317 fpm 456 fpm min to max 1,919 fpm |
1,053 | 604 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 1,958 ft asl 1,024 ft asl min to max 3,898 ft asl |
1,024 | 3,898 ft asl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 9.2 ° 3.0 ° min to max 12.4 ° |
8.3 | 3.6 ° | |
| Info |
Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0 |
0 | 0 |
Enroute level cruise started 3 miles north west of Welland (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 15 minutes, covering 6 nm.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Average altitude 3,660 ft asl 3,529 ft asl min to max 4,016 ft asl |
3,972 | 3,632 ft asl | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 120 kt 111 kt min to max 150 kt |
115 | 143 kt | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 15.1 ° 0.2 ° min to max 36.5 ° |
1.5 | 0.4 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.04 g 0.88 g min to max 1.27 g |
0.98 | 1.02 g | |
| Info |
Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0 |
0 | 0 | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 0.6 ° -5.0 ° min to max 4.3 ° |
1.6 | -1.9 ° |
Enroute descent started 3 miles north east of Welland (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 3,570 ft asl to 1,113 ft asl, a decrease of 2,458 ft in 3 minutes and covering 6 nm.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Average speed 101 kt 82 kt min to max 144 kt |
144 | 86 kt | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 3.8 ° 0.0 ° min to max 11.3 ° |
0.4 | 6.4 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.00 g 0.86 g min to max 1.12 g |
1.01 | 0.94 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI -910 fpm -2,085 fpm min to max 71 fpm |
-442 | -1,503 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 2,208 ft asl 1,113 ft asl min to max 3,570 ft asl |
3,570 | 1,113 ft asl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -3.6 ° -8.3 ° min to max -0.2 ° |
-1.9 | -5.9 ° | |
| Info |
Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0 |
0 | 0 | |
| Info |
Flaps Position 1 at 19:53:10 |
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| Info |
Flaps Position 2 at 19:53:13 |
Approaching runway 23 at CNQ3 Niagara Central Dorothy Rungeling Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 504 ft agl to 26 ft agl. A decrease of 478 ft in 34 seconds.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 75.54 % |
Approach angle 2.3 ° 1.5 ° min to max 5.0 ° Target 3.0 ° |
5.0 | 1.5 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average speed 76 kt 73 kt min to max 88 kt |
87 | 73 kt | |
| 100 % |
Heading variation -0.1 ° -0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° |
0.4 | -0.1 ° | |
| 89.86 % |
Average bank angle 0.9 ° 0.0 ° min to max 6.8 ° |
3.2 | 0.3 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.01 g 0.88 g min to max 1.23 g |
0.93 | 1.00 g | |
| Info |
Average VSI -565 fpm -1,852 fpm min to max -378 fpm |
-1,597 | -378 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 89 ft agl 26 ft agl min to max 504 ft agl |
504 | 26 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle -0.6 ° -8.9 ° min to max 0.9 ° |
-6.9 | 0.5 ° |
Landing on runway 23 at CNQ3 Niagara Central Dorothy Rungeling Airport, runway length 3,488 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was 73 kt.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Average speed 62 kt 52 kt min to max 73 kt |
73 | 52 kt | |
| 100 % |
Target 50 ft agl |
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| 52.23 % |
Landing and flare profile |
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| 100 % |
Heading variation -0.1 ° -0.1 ° min to max -0.0 ° |
-0.1 | -0.0 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 0.7 ° 0.0 ° min to max 2.1 ° |
0.4 | 1.5 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.01 g 0.93 g min to max 1.08 g |
0.99 | 0.99 g | |
| Info |
Average speed 62 kt 52 kt min to max 73 kt |
73 | 52 kt | |
| Info |
Average VSI -74 fpm -376 fpm min to max 37 fpm |
-376 | -46 fpm | |
| Info |
Average altitude 0 ft agl -5 ft agl min to max 15 ft agl |
15 | -5 ft agl | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 4.8 ° 0.5 ° min to max 8.1 ° |
0.5 | 8.1 ° |
Touchdown point was very long using more than 50% of available runway. Touchdown speed 52 kt. Touchdown rate was perfect at -46 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 59 °F. Wind 1 kt at 269 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Touchdown VSI was -46 fpm. |
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| 79.13 % |
Touchdown distance was 2,126 ft Target 1,500 ft |
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| 100 % |
Average speed 52 kt 52 kt min to max 52 kt |
52 | 52 kt | |
| 100 % |
Runway alignment max 1.3 ft 1.3 ft right |
-1.3 | -1.3 ft | |
| 100 % |
Average bank angle 0.7 ° 0.0 ° min to max 1.5 ° |
1.5 | 0.1 ° | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.03 g 0.99 g min to max 1.07 g |
0.99 | 1.06 g | |
| 100 % |
Landing Bounce |
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| Info |
Average speed 52 kt 52 kt min to max 52 kt |
52 | 52 kt | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 8.0 ° 7.9 ° min to max 8.1 ° |
8.1 | 7.9 ° |
Total landing distance 2,535 ft, 73 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Landing distance 2,535 ft 73 % of runway. |
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| 100 % |
Runway alignment max 3.7 ft 1.6 ft left to 2.0 ft right |
-1.4 | 1.6 ft | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.00 g 0.97 g min to max 1.04 g |
1.04 | 1.00 g | |
| Info |
Average speed 49 kt 33 kt min to max 52 kt |
52 | 33 kt | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 7.2 ° 2.7 ° min to max 8.6 ° |
7.8 | 2.7 ° | |
| Info |
Average bank angle 0.3 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° |
0.2 | 0.0 ° | |
| Info |
Flaps Fully Retracted at 19:54:56 |
Exiting runway, average speed 20 kt
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| Info |
Average speed 20 kt 19 kt min to max 28 kt |
28 | 20 kt | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 3.6 ° 2.4 ° min to max 4.7 ° |
2.4 | 3.0 ° | |
| Info |
Average bank angle 1.2 ° 0.3 ° min to max 2.0 ° |
0.3 | 1.9 ° | |
| Info |
Average g force 1.00 g 0.98 g min to max 1.01 g |
1.01 | 0.99 g |
Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
| Score | Description | Start | Profile | End |
| 100 % |
Average speed 18 kt 4 kt min to max 23 kt |
20 | 4 kt | |
| 50 % |
Average speed turning corners 17 kt max 21 kt |
0 | 0 kt | |
| 100 % |
Average g force 1.00 g 0.98 g min to max 1.01 g |
0.99 | 1.01 g | |
| Info |
Average pitch angle 3.0 ° 2.3 ° min to max 4.0 ° |
2.6 | 3.3 ° | |
| Info |
Average bank angle 0.9 ° 0.1 ° min to max 2.2 ° |
1.9 | 0.7 ° | |
| 100 % |
Landing Lights at 19:55:20 |
The aircraft in question, a Piper PA28-236 Dakota, successfully executed a landing at CNQ3 Niagara Central Dorothy Rungeling Airport. The final approach was made from the north-east, heading 218.0°, at an altitude of 504 ft above ground level (agl) and 1 nm from the runway.
The landing process was conducted with a good threshold height, as indicated by the flight control's report. The threshold speed of 73 kt was maintained, and the aircraft touched down smoothly. However, it's worth noting that the touchdown point was located very far down the runway, using more than 50% of the available length, which is a relatively long distance. This may indicate that the pilot could have slowed the aircraft more aggressively or utilized more of the runway for deceleration.
Despite the extended rollout, the touchdown speed of 52 kt was within an acceptable range, and the touchdown rate of -46 fpm was perfect. The runway touchdown alignment was also perfect, suggesting that the pilot had maintained precise control of the aircraft during the final stages of the approach.
Local weather conditions were favorable, with a temperature of 59°F and a low wind of 1 kt at 269°, providing minimal headwind or crosswind components. This allowed the pilot to maintain a stable approach and landing.
The total landing distance of 2,535 ft accounted for 73% of the available runway length, which is relatively long but still within acceptable limits. The rollout alignment after touchdown was perfect, indicating that the pilot maintained control of the aircraft and successfully arrested its rotation.
Overall, the landing was conducted at a 94.5% score, suggesting that the pilot executed the approach and landing procedure with a high degree of proficiency.
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