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MY FS FLIGHTS
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Improve the rollout
See Arrival Rollout
A crosswind landing is a geometry problem. The air mass you're flying in is moving sideways across the runway, and you need your ground track down the centreline with your wheels aligned to it at the moment of contact. There are two techniques that will help, the crab and the sideslip.
Read more in Crosswind Landings in the SimStart to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 131 kt with 0.8° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 1,000 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 2,763 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,590 fpm on average to 1,000 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 3,990 m runway.
Rolled from 200 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 2.1 m at the widest, and lifted off 1.3 m right, in 5 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 22 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.
At the 1,000 ft gate: no landing flap set.
At the 500 ft gate: centreline more than 1° off.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 0.8 to 0.5 nm, then not again: left of the centreline from 0.5 nm, low from 0.4 nm and slow from 0.2 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 4.5° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
On the glideslope from 4 nm to 0.4 nm, then low to the threshold (up to 120 ft under).
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 4.5° here, which is about 480 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 80 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Outside the 1° band 3 times; furthest 871 m right at 4.0 nm.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 51 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 31 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Fast from 4 nm to 3.0 nm (up to +86 kt), then inside the band to 0.2 nm, then slow to the threshold (up to −11 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Excellent landing flare
7 kt across from the right, which takes about 4° of crab to hold the centreline at 90 kt. Touched down with the nose 5° into wind, wings level.
Wind 029° at 9 kt · 5 kt tail · 7 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,162 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 10 ft, 40 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 84 m in, 220 m short of the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,162 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 520 fpm at 10 ft to 110 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.6° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the full 1,162 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 6.9 m left of the centreline and drifted to 11 m right on the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 84 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.34 G arrival bounced.
The rest of the report
The flight began with a departure roll from runway 07C at Frankfurt Airport (EDDF). The aircraft, a PC21, accelerated down the runway and lifted off at a speed of 131 kt, covering a distance of 974 m, which was 24% of the runway length. The local weather conditions at the time of takeoff were characterized by a temperature of 6 °C and a wind speed of 9 kt from a direction of 30 °, resulting in a crosswind of 6 kt and a headwind of 7 kt.
As the aircraft climbed away from the airport, it began its enroute climb 1 mile north east of EDDF, rising from an altitude of 1,955 ft above sea level to 3,495 ft asl in just 1 minute, covering a distance of 2 nm. This rapid ascent was followed by a brief level cruise, lasting 5 minutes, during which the aircraft covered a further 2 nm, before beginning its enroute descent overhead Neu-Isenburg, a town located in the state of Hessen, Germany.
The descent from 3,695 ft asl to 2,210 ft asl took 3 minutes, covering a distance of 4 nm. The aircraft then began its final approach to runway 26 at Frankfurt-Egelsbach Airport (EDFE), flying from the east at a heading of 263.0 ° and an altitude of 1,806 ft above ground level. The landing was made on a runway with a length of 1,162 m, and the threshold height was reported as good. The threshold speed was also satisfactory at 91 kt, and the touchdown distance was good at 84 m, with a touchdown speed of 90 kt.
However, the touchdown rate was only fair at -250 fpm, and the runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned from the centreline by 7.3 m. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 5 °C and a wind speed of 9 kt from a direction of 29 °, resulting in a crosswind of 7 kt and a tailwind of 5 kt. The total landing distance was 1,011 m, which was 87% of the runway length. Unfortunately, the runway rollout alignment was excessively misaligned from the centreline by 120.0 m.
The total flight distance was 14 nm, and the flight duration was 5 minutes. The aircraft used a total of 29 kg of fuel during the flight.
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