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EDDM
Munich, Germany
Runway 08L
Elevation1,467 ft asl
Weight60,767 kg
Fuel4,837 kg
Wind60° · 16 kn · 7 kn cross

Flight Score

96.95 %
EDDF
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Runway 07R
Elevation338 ft asl
Weight59,023 kg
Fuel2,879 kg
Wind59° · 17 kn · 3 kn cross
3 Nov 2026 0:58 237 nm Airbus A320ceo 1,957 kg
Departure Score
92.43 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
98.43 %

What went well

Threshold crossed at 45 ft and 134 kt — both inside band
Straight touchdown — 4.45 m off the centreline, no bounce
Flare on profile — 100 %

What held you back

Departure Climb 3 — gear not retracted; Landing gear up at 0 ft agl at 0 %, −2.00 points
Departure Roll — Strobe Lights at 0 %, Takeoff distance 3,193 m at 86 %, −0.52 points
Firm touchdown — 307 fpm, −0.39 points on the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 307 fpm−0.38
  • Arrival Touchdown · 1.32 G at contact−0.01

Next time

Departure

Raise the gear lever promptly once a positive rate of climb is confirmed after liftoff.

What happened: The landing gear was never raised during the initial climb and was still down when the climb ended.

Watch for: Landing gear lever: UP promptly after confirming a positive rate of climb.

See Departure Climb 3

Arrival

Keep the back pressure coming once the flare is established, holding the nose up through to touchdown instead of easing it.

What happened: The flare arrested the sink but 308 fpm of it came back before touchdown, and in flights like this one that returning sink usually carries through to a firm or hard touchdown at 307 fpm.

Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: the sink held near zero all the way through touchdown, not allowed to build back up.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

When Vr arrives, an abrupt near-full-scale pull, pitch overshoots, a push, and an oscillation through the first 200 ft. It feels like “this aircraft is twitchy” but the actual fault happened before liftoff. The pitch trace needs to show a clean ramp during liftoff.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 7 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 10 kt0 kt min to max 28 kt 4 28 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.10 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.0 °-1.1 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.0 0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.2 °

Events

Info Parking Brake On 9 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Engine 2 Started 9 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 9 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 9 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 9 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 27 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 29 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 28 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 08L at EDDM Munich Airport, Average speed was 50 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 35 kt30 kt min to max 38 kt 30 38 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °0.3 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.3 0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 92.14Departure roll runway 08L at EDDM Munich Airport. Takeoff distance 3,193 m 79 % of runway. Rotation speed was 144 kt. Local weather - Temperature 7 °C. Wind 17 kt at 60 °. Crosswind: 7 kt Headwind: 16 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
86 % Takeoff distance 3,193 m79 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 144 ktTarget 130 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 7.93 m left7.93 m left to 0.76 m right -0.76 7.06 m
99.9 % Average g force 1.00 g0.80 g min to max 1.13 g 1.00 0.96 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-1.6 ° min to max 6.6 ° 0.6 6.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.3 ° 0.1 0.5 °

Events

Fail Strobe Lights
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 08L EDDM Munich Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.1 °
100 % Average speed 160 kt155 kt min to max 163 kt 155 162 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.5 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.20 g0.98 g min to max 1.29 g 0.98 1.23 g
Info Average VSI 550 fpm142 fpm min to max 1,201 fpm 142 1,201 fpm
Info Average altitude 7 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 26 ft agl 0 26 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.6 °6.9 ° min to max 14.0 ° 6.9 14.0 °

Events

Info Strobe Lights Switched On 14 ft agl · 158 kt
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 08L EDDM Munich Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.1 -0.0 °
100 % Average speed 162 kt161 kt min to max 166 kt 162 163 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.3 ° min to max 3.3 ° 1.4 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.20 g0.98 g min to max 1.25 g 1.23 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 1,822 fpm1,237 fpm min to max 3,881 fpm 1,237 3,881 fpm
Info Average altitude 68 ft agl27 ft agl min to max 331 ft agl 27 331 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 15.7 °14.1 ° min to max 19.6 ° 14.1 18.7 °
Departure Climb 3 70.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 08L EDDM Munich Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 156 kt154 kt min to max 162 ktTarget 164 kt, 8 kt slow 162 154 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.3 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.89 g0.81 g min to max 0.95 g 0.93 0.95 g
0 % Landing gear up at 0 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation -0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.0 -0.0 °
Info Average VSI 3,076 fpm2,398 fpm min to max 3,908 fpm 3,908 2,398 fpm
Info Average altitude 697 ft agl397 ft agl min to max 960 ft agl 397 960 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 15.5 °14.1 ° min to max 18.4 ° 18.4 14.6 °

Events

Fail Gear Not Retracted
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 2 miles west of Eitting (Bavaria, Germany). Climbing from 2,474 ft asl to 24,009 ft asl, an increase of 21,534 ft in 9 minutes and covering 51 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 236 kt154 kt min to max 283 kt 154 281 kt
100 % Average bank angle 11.8 °0.0 ° min to max 30.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.89 g min to max 1.26 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,824 fpm-17 fpm min to max 4,033 fpm 2,383 0 fpm
Info Average altitude 10,102 ft asl2,474 ft asl min to max 24,011 ft asl 2,474 24,009 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.7 °1.9 ° min to max 14.8 ° 14.8 1.9 °
Info Turn coordination -3-15 min to max 6 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 1,749 ft agl · 202 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,948 ft agl · 217 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2,200 ft agl · 236 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 2,394 ft agl · 239 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 2,394 ft agl · 239 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9,972 ft agl · 297 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south of EDHT Wülzburg Airport Hottingen (Bavaria, Germany) and lasted 7 minutes, covering 43 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,700 ft of 24,009 ft asl23,956 ft asl min to max 24,337 ft asl 24,009 24,337 ft asl
100 % Average speed 265 kt250 kt min to max 283 kt 280 250 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.9 °0.0 ° min to max 18.6 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.88 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 0.88 g
Info Turn coordination 0-6 min to max 1 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °0.8 ° min to max 2.9 ° 1.9 0.8 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Ohrenbach (Bavaria, Germany). Descent from 24,162 ft asl to 4,425 ft asl, a decrease of 19,738 ft in 25 minutes and covering 122 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 232 kt219 kt min to max 255 kt 250 220 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.2 °0.0 ° min to max 23.5 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.90 g min to max 1.13 g 1.04 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -678 fpm-2,046 fpm min to max 6 fpm -1,023 -394 fpm
Info Average altitude 10,212 ft asl4,425 ft asl min to max 24,162 ft asl 24,162 4,425 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °-1.1 ° min to max 3.3 ° 1.4 2.7 °
Info Turn coordination -2-9 min to max 8 0 0

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 10,649 ft agl · 294 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Essenheim (Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±718 ft of 4,105 ft asl3,996 ft asl min to max 4,353 ft asl 4,353 3,999 ft asl
100 % Average speed 211 kt187 kt min to max 220 kt 220 187 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.6 °2.6 ° min to max 5.4 ° 2.8 5.4 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 3,079 ft agl · 222 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile south of Mainz (Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany). Descent from 3,999 ft asl to 1,746 ft asl, a decrease of 2,253 ft in 3 minutes and covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 153 kt136 kt min to max 188 kt 184 136 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.04 g 0.97 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -715 fpm-1,009 fpm min to max -124 fpm -124 -656 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,276 ft asl1,746 ft asl min to max 3,999 ft asl 3,999 1,746 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.6 °-0.5 ° min to max 4.9 ° 4.9 2.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 2,781 ft agl · 193 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 2,676 ft agl · 191 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,115 ft agl · 178 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 1,865 ft agl · 164 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 1,860 ft agl · 163 kt
Info Flaps Position 5 1,849 ft agl · 163 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 07R at EDDF Frankfurt Airport. Descent from 1,439 ft agl to 57 ft agl in 120 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates
Arrival Landing 99.89Landing on runway 07R at EDDF Frankfurt Airport, runway length 3,984 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 134 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 134 kt. Target 133 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
99.8 % Excellent landing flare. It lost 0.2 points, for 308 fpm of sink coming back after the flare.
100 % Runway alignment max 5.29 m left5.29 m left to 4.40 m right 5.29 -4.40 m
99 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 2.5 ° 0.8 0.1 °
100 % Peak g force 1.12 g0.93 g min to max 1.12 g 1.01 0.93 g
Info Average speed 131 kt125 kt min to max 134 kt 134 125 kt
Info Average VSI -346 fpm-630 fpm min to max -46 fpm -630 -215 fpm
Info Average altitude 12 ft agl-10 ft agl min to max 45 ft agl 45 -10 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.7 °2.7 ° min to max 6.2 ° 2.7 4.6 °
07515022530037545052560067501223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 92.26Touchdown point was 144 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 125 kt was good. Touchdown rate was firm at -307 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 4.6 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 11 °C. Wind 17 kt at 59 °. Crosswind: 3 kt Headwind: 17 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
71 % Touchdown rate was -307 fpm.
88 % Touchdown distance was 568 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 125 ktTarget below 125 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 4.60 m right4.53 m right -4.40 -4.45 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.1 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.1 0.9 °
96 % Peak g force 1.32 g0.92 g min to max 1.32 g 0.93 1.18 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 124 kt124 kt min to max 125 kt 125 124 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.6 °4.5 ° min to max 4.6 ° 4.6 4.6 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,305 m, 33 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,305 m33 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 2.72 m left2.72 m left to 0.00 m left 1.95 1.37 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.13 g 1.13 1.00 g
Info Average speed 81 kt54 kt min to max 106 kt 106 54 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-0.3 ° min to max 5.2 ° 4.6 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.8 0.1 °

Events

Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 10 ft agl · 122 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 49 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 32 kt0 kt min to max 53 kt 53 17 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-1.6 ° min to max 0.6 ° -0.3 -0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 2.3 ° 0.1 0.8 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.01 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 4 8 ft agl · 31 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 9 ft agl · 32 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 7 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 10 kt0 kt min to max 19 kt 16 1 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 9 ktmax 10 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °-0.8 ° min to max 0.7 ° -0.3 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.5 0.1 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 8 ft agl · 18 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 9 ft agl · 16 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 9 ft agl · 14 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 15 kt
Info Parking Brake On 9 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 9 ft agl · 12 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 14 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 26 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 144 kt, 14 kt above the 130 kt target, and lifted off at 155 kt 3.8 s later, the nose coming up at 2.1° a second. Climb 3 averaged 156 kt, 8 kt under its 164 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 164180 kt12060020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 1306.9° off · 2.1°/s15° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 53 kt 0.6° 0 s
80 kt116 m 80 kt 0.6° 4.5 s
Rotate727 m · target 130 144 kt -1.1° 16.5 s
Liftoff994 m · +11 kt from rotation 155 kt 6.9° 20.2 s
35 ft1,261 m · 3.4 s after liftoff 162 kt 14.8° 23.6 s
Climb 31,798 m · 397 ft to 960 ft · target 164 156 kt avg 18.4° 31.0 s
End of Climb 32,518 m · 960 ft 154 kt 14.6° 41.5 s

Takeoff from EDDM 08L

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll85.78
3,193m79 %
Rotation speed100.00
144kttarget 130, 14 fast
Liftoff speed
155kt
Runway alignment100.00
7.93m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Climb 3 speed100.00
156kttarget 164
Rate of climb100.00
549fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 960 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 599 m of runway left; then climbing at 2,710 fpm on average to 960 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3156 kt avgtarget 164THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 144 kttarget 130Liftoff 155 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 4,065 m runway.

Rolled from 2,204 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 55 m at the widest, and lifted off 6.5 m left, in 6 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 79 % of the way down the runway, past the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS6 kn75 %widest 54.62 m RROLL 2,204 M INAirborne 3,198 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 3,198 m of 4,065 m · 79 %
Behind the start of the roll, 2,204 mTakeoff roll, 994 m Left ahead, 867 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate640 fpm650 fpm
On glideslope3.3°3.2°
On centreline0.2° off0.2° off
On speed+1.8 kt+2.2 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to EDDF 07R

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 100 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,4287293792231,000 ft gate7 of 71,135 ft · 135 kt500 ft gate7 of 7581 ft · 135 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 31× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 12 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR30 m L030 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND11 m R11 m R9 m R9 m L10 m R10 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 33 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between −0 kt and +4 kt on the approach speed of 133 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

120140160180 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 133+4 kt+3 kt+2 kt+1 kt+1 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on EDDF 07R

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
45ft
Threshold speed100.00
134kttarget 133, 1 fast
Centreline offset100.00
5.29m L

Touchdown

Past threshold87.87
568m
Centreline100.00
4.60m R
Speed100.00
124kttarget 125 or less
Touchdown rate71.42
-307fpm
Impact96.00
1.32G
BouncesOk
None
The flare99.80

Excellent landing flare. It lost 0.2 points, for 308 fpm of sink coming back after the flare.

The crosswind

Little crosswind (2 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 4° left of the track, wings level.

Wind 059° at 17 kt · 17 kt head · 2 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 107 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 34 s, an average deceleration of 0.12 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012060 kt · 676 m30 kt · 1,034 mtouchdown1,076 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 45 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 19 ft. Touched down 568 m in, 263 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

45 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 19 ft · −513 fpm · 4° · 134 ktdescent slowed at 7 ft · −38 fpm · 6.2°−307 fpm · 4.6° nose up · 125 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 45 ft, down at 568 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 510 fpm at the flare to 310 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 0.6° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−307 fpm at touchdown4.6° at touchdown, +0.6° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,984 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 4.4 m right of the centreline, and steered back to 2 m left by the end of the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 2 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 568 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 568 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 307 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 1,271 m of 3,984 m · 32 %
In the air over the runway, 568 mRollout, 703 m Left over, 2,713 m
Rollout distance100.00
703m32 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
2.72m L

The rest of the report

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Flight narrative

The Airbus A320-ceo taxied from the parking area to runway 08L at EDDM Munich Airport, a movement that lasted 7 minutes and covered 1 nm.

Take-off was performed on runway 08L. The aircraft used 3,193 m of runway, which is 79 % of the available length. Rotation occurred at 144 kt. Local weather at departure was temperature 7 °C, wind 17 kt from 060°, giving a crosswind component of 7 kt and a headwind component of 16 kt.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 18 seconds, with an average climb rate of 2,377 fpm and a speed of 154 kt at the top of the segment. The subsequent climb from 2,474 ft asl to 24,009 ft asl lasted 9 minutes, covered 51 nm and began 2 miles west of Eitting.

Cruise was maintained at 24,000 ft asl for 7 minutes, covering 43 nm, beginning 2 miles south of EDHT Wülzburg Airport Hottingen.

Descent from 24,162 ft asl to 1,746 ft asl took 29 minutes and covered 134 nm, starting overhead Ohrenbach.

Final approach to runway 07R at EDDF Frankfurt Airport began with a descent from 1,439 ft agl to 57 ft agl in 120 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were all met: gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed, and wings level. The landing gear was lowered at 2,115 ft agl when the aircraft was at 178 kt. The final flap position (flap 5) was selected at 1,849 ft agl with a speed of 163 kt.

Landing on runway 07R, which is 3,984 m long, was performed with a good threshold height. Threshold speed was 134 kt. The flare was described as excellent. Touchdown occurred 144 m beyond the touchdown zone at a speed of 125 kt, with a firm rate of minus 307 fpm. The touchdown point was slightly off centreline by 4.6 m. Local weather at landing was temperature 11 °C, wind 17 kt from 059°, giving a crosswind component of 3 kt and a headwind component of 17 kt. No bounce was observed.

The total landing roll was 1,305 m, representing 33 % of the runway, and the rollout alignment was perfect. After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area, a movement that took 7 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.

Overall, the flight covered 237 nm in 58 minutes and consumed 1,957 kg of fuel.

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