WSSS to WSAP Flight Report - Cessna C172

Flight from WSSS to WSAP

Friday, 09 December 2022 22:08

Minutes 10

18 nm

Fuel 3 kg

Cessna C172

Departure

Started Singapore Changi Intl

Singapore Changi Intl

Altitude

13 ft asl

Weight

917 kg

Fuel

917 kg

Temperature

14 °C

Wind Speed

0 kt

Wind Direction

0.0 °

Headwind

0 kt

Crosswind

0 kt

Arrival

Runway 20 at WSAP

Singapore Paya Lebar Aero

Johor, Malaysia

52 ft asl

Altitude

914 kg

Weight

914 kg

Fuel

14 °C

Temperature

0 kt

Wind Speed

0.0 °

Wind Direction

0 kt

Headwind

0 kt

Crosswind

Flight Score 77.15%

Departure Score 57.33%

Enroute Score 93.33%

Arrival Score 74.40%

Vertical profile — planned vs actual

Landing

64.89 %

Touchdown

70.63 %

Approach & flare

Threshold height

0 %

Threshold height at 97 ft agl was significantly above target.

Threshold speed

100 %

Threshold speed was excessively high at 104 kt.

Flare

0 %

Very poor landing flare

Touchdown

Sink rate

100 %

Touchdown rate was perfect at -49 ft/m.

Impact

100 %

Speed

100 %

Touchdown speed at 30 kt was good.

Aim point

0 %

Touchdown point was 947 m beyond the touchdown zone.

Centreline

6.71 %

Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 14.3 m from centreline.

Bounce

100 %

Flight Map

Replay this flight in 3D — the full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.

Flight Stages WSSS to WSAP

Click on a stage to view more detailed information

Departure Taxi

15.16 %

Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 10 minutes and covered 5 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
0 %	Average speed 31 kn 6 kn min to max 78 kn	21		6 kn
13.75 %	Average speed turning corners 24 kn max 24 kn	0		0 kn
96.57 %	Average g force 1.02 g 0.90 g min to max 1.31 g	1.00		1.00 g
0 %	Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info	Average pitch angle -1.2 ° -3.2 ° min to max 0.9 °	-1.2		-1.0 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.3 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.5 °	0.3		0.3 °
Info	Taxi Lights On at 22:08:22
Info	Navigation Lights On at 22:08:22
Info	Beacon Lights On at 22:08:22
Info	Strobe Lights On at 22:08:22
Info	Landing Lights On at 22:08:22
Info	Landing Gear Down at 22:08:22
Info	Flaps Fully Retracted at 22:08:22
Info	Parking Brake On at 22:08:22
Info	Parking Brake Off at 22:10:37
Info	Parking Brake On at 22:11:06
Info	Parking Brake Off at 22:17:53
Info	Beacon Light OFF should be ON at 22:10:03
Info	Navigation Light OFF should be ON at 22:10:50
Info	Navigation Light OFF should be ON at 22:14:04
Info	Stall Warning Activated at 22:25:36
Info	Stall Warning Deactivated at 22:25:38
Info	Stall Warning Activated at 22:25:38
Info	Stall Warning Deactivated at 22:25:40
Info	Stall Warning Activated at 22:25:40
Info	Stall Warning Deactivated at 22:25:40

Departure Roll

71.15 %

Departure roll Singapore Changi Intl. Bush location altitude 1,590 ft asl. Takeoff distance 9,473 m. liftoff speed was 73 kn. Duration was 16 seconds. Local weather - Temperature 14 °C. Wind 0 kn at 0 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 0 kn

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
Info	Takeoff distance 9,473 m
100 %	Liftoff speed was 73 kn Target 65 kn
17.48 %	Alignment max 12.68 m 12.68 m left to 0.00 m left	8.39		10.36 m
53.14 %	Average g force 1.05 g 0.75 g min to max 2.07 g	1.01		2.07 g
100 %	Takeoff Bounce
Info	Average pitch angle -0.2 ° -12.5 ° min to max 1.1 °	-1.1		-12.5 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.5 ° 0.1 ° min to max 3.5 °	0.3		3.5 °
Info	Landing Lights OFF should be ON at 22:18:26

Departure Climb 1

68.3 %

Departure climb to 50 ft agl from Singapore Changi Intl.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
93.33 %	Heading variation -1.2 ° -1.6 ° min to max -0.6 °	-1.6		-0.6 °
100 %	Average speed 73 kn 72 kn min to max 73 kn	73		72 kn
0 %	Average bank angle 12.6 ° 3.9 ° min to max 21.4 °	3.9		21.4 °
49.71 %	Average g force 1.46 g 0.78 g min to max 2.13 g	2.11		0.88 g
Info	Average VSI 1,014 ft/m 446 ft/m min to max 1,532 ft/m	446		1,532 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 6 ft agl 0 ft agl min to max 18 ft agl	0		18 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle -20.1 ° -23.3 ° min to max -13.5 °	-13.5		-19.4 °

Departure Climb 2

74.71 %

Departure climb to 400 ft agl from Singapore Changi Intl.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Heading variation 0.1 ° -0.6 ° min to max 0.8 °	-0.6		0.8 °
100 %	Average speed 70 kn 69 kn min to max 72 kn	72		69 kn
0 %	Average bank angle 24.7 ° 22.0 ° min to max 26.6 °	22.0		26.6 °
97.14 %	Average g force 0.94 g 0.70 g min to max 1.17 g	0.95		1.16 g
Info	Average VSI 1,785 ft/m 1,591 ft/m min to max 1,858 ft/m	1,591		1,789 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 43 ft agl 21 ft agl min to max 66 ft agl	21		66 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle -18.6 ° -20.2 ° min to max -16.8 °	-19.6		-18.8 °

Enroute Climb

90 %

Enroute climb started 1 mile south of WSSS Singapore Changi Intl Singapore (South West, Singapore). Climbing from 1,660 ft asl to 4,054 ft asl, an increase of 2,394 ft in 3 minutes and covering 4 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 88 kn 67 kn min to max 109 kn	69		97 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 5.8 ° 0.0 ° min to max 27.9 °	26.9		9.1 °
0 %	Average g force 0.98 g -1.06 g min to max 2.99 g	1.07		1.03 g
Info	Average VSI 721 ft/m -607 ft/m min to max 3,250 ft/m	1,763		966 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 2,731 ft asl 1,660 ft asl min to max 4,054 ft asl	1,660		4,054 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle -5.5 ° -29.4 ° min to max 5.4 °	-18.5		-6.4 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0

Enroute Level

100 %

Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north of WSSS Singapore Changi Intl Singapore (South West, Singapore) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 1 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average altitude 4,128 ft asl 4,077 ft asl min to max 4,184 ft asl	4,077		4,081 ft asl
100 %	Average speed 93 kn 82 kn min to max 99 kn	99		82 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 4.4 ° 0.3 ° min to max 10.2 °	9.8		1.6 °
100 %	Average g force 0.95 g 0.85 g min to max 1.02 g	0.91		1.02 g
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Average pitch angle -2.7 ° -5.8 ° min to max 1.7 °	-5.5		1.7 °

Enroute Descent

90 %

Enroute descent started 2 miles north west of WSSS Singapore Changi Intl Singapore (South West, Singapore). Descent from 3,864 ft asl to 3,392 ft asl, a decrease of 472 ft in 1 minutes and covering less than 1 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 84 kn 81 kn min to max 95 kn	95		82 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 1.1 ° 0.1 ° min to max 3.1 °	1.3		0.7 °
100 %	Average g force 1.02 g 0.97 g min to max 1.16 g	1.16		1.06 g
Info	Average VSI -807 ft/m -998 ft/m min to max -515 ft/m	-916		-889 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 3,529 ft asl 3,392 ft asl min to max 3,864 ft asl	3,864		3,392 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle 3.5 ° 1.6 ° min to max 4.7 °	2.7		3.6 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Landing Lights OFF should be ON at 22:23:37

Arrival

100 %

Arrival started 2 miles north west of WSSS Singapore Changi Intl Singapore (South West, Singapore).

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 93 kn 81 kn min to max 106 kn	81		106 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 4.8 ° 0.1 ° min to max 11.8 °	0.1		11.8 °
100 %	Average g force 1.01 g 0.79 g min to max 1.12 g	1.03		0.90 g
Info	Average VSI -1,209 ft/m -1,704 ft/m min to max -296 ft/m	-792		-1,482 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 2,713 ft asl 2,027 ft asl min to max 3,377 ft asl	3,377		2,027 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle 6.4 ° -0.4 ° min to max 10.0 °	1.9		8.9 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0

Arrival Final 1

87.68 %

Approaching runway 20 at WSAP Singapore Paya Lebar Aero from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 1,823 ft agl to 1,705 ft agl. A decrease of 118 ft in 6 seconds.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
72.1 %	Approach angle 2.0 ° 1.6 ° min to max 2.5 ° Target 3.0 °	2.5		1.6 °
100 %	Average speed 108 kn 105 kn min to max 108 kn	108		105 kn
100 %	Heading variation -0.1 ° -0.1 ° min to max -0.0 °	-0.0		-0.1 °
66.86 %	Average bank angle 2.3 ° 0.2 ° min to max 6.0 °	6.0		1.0 °
98.86 %	Average g force 1.06 g 0.83 g min to max 1.27 g	1.04		0.98 g
Info	Average VSI -1,155 ft/m -1,546 ft/m min to max -656 ft/m	-1,544		-656 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 1,755 ft agl 1,705 ft agl min to max 1,823 ft agl	1,823		1,705 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 5.8 ° 3.9 ° min to max 8.4 °	8.4		4.4 °

Arrival Landing

64.89 %

Landing on runway 20 at WSAP Singapore Paya Lebar Aero, runway length 4,431 m. Threshold height at 97 ft agl was significantly above target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 104 kn.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Threshold speed was excessively high at 104 kn. Target 70 kn
0 %	Target 50 ft agl
100 %	Heading variation -0.1 ° -0.1 ° min to max -0.0 °	-0.1		-0.0 °
100 %	Average bank angle 1.0 ° 0.0 ° min to max 20.1 °	0.4		20.1 °
98.86 %	Average g force 1.02 g 0.73 g min to max 1.23 g	1.08		0.93 g
Info	Average speed 93 kn 50 kn min to max 104 kn	104		50 kn
Info	Average VSI -246 ft/m -703 ft/m min to max 242 ft/m	-703		242 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 52 ft agl -9 ft agl min to max 97 ft agl	97		0 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 0.2 ° -12.7 ° min to max 3.3 °	3.3		-12.7 °

Arrival Touchdown

70.63 %

Touchdown point was 947 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 30 kn was good. Touchdown rate was perfect at -49 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 14.3 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 14 °C. Wind 0 kn at 0 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 0 kn.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Touchdown VSI was -49 ft/m.
0 %	Touchdown distance was 1,328 m Target 457 m
100 %	Speed at touchdown 30 kn Target 55 kn
6.71 %	Runway alignment max 25.74 m 9.16 m left	-11.48		14.26 m
92.48 %	Average bank angle 1.7 ° 1.1 ° min to max 3.7 °	3.7		1.2 °
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.99 g min to max 1.00 g	0.99		1.00 g
100 %	Landing Bounce
Info	Average speed 12 kn 5 kn min to max 30 kn	30		5 kn
Info	Average pitch angle -1.0 ° -2.2 ° min to max 0.2 °	-2.2		-0.8 °

Takeoff on runway XX at WSSS Singapore Changi Intl in the Cessna C172

57.33 %

15.16 %

Taxi

Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 10 minutes and covered 5 nm.

Taxi Lights

100 %

Switched On

Ground Speed kt

Turn Speed

13.75 %

96.57 %

Bank °

Info

Pitch °

Info

71.15 %

Takeoff Roll

The bush takeoff report uses a virtual runway in the direction of the roll and is 5,000 feet long and 50 feet wide

Takeoff Distance

100 %

Roll distance of 9,473 m using 621.58 % of runway

Liftoff Speed

100 %

Liftoff speed was 73 kn - Target 62 kn

Alignment

17.48 %

12.68 m left to 0.00 m left

Bounce

100 %

No Bounce Detected

Strobe Lights

100 %

Switched On

Landing Lights

0 %

Switched Off

53.14 %

IAS kt

Info

Bank °

Info

Pitch °

Info

68.3 %

Climb 1

Departure climb to 50 ft agl from Singapore Changi Intl.

Alignment

93.33 %

IAS kt

100 %

Bank °

0 %

49.71 %

Pitch °

Info

Climb Rate fpm

Info

74.71 %

Climb 2

Departure climb to 400 ft agl from Singapore Changi Intl.

Alignment

100 %

IAS kt

100 %

Bank °

0 %

97.14 %

Pitch °

Info

Climb Rate fpm

Info

Landing on runway 20 at WSAP Singapore Paya Lebar Aero in the Cessna C172

Landing Score 74.4 %

87.68 %

Final 1

Approaching runway 20 at WSAP Singapore Paya Lebar Aero from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 1,823 ft agl to 1,705 ft agl. A decrease of 118 ft in 6 seconds.

Glideslope

72.1 %

Poor descent path above glideslope limit

Heading

100 %

Excellent heading alignment

Glideslope °

72.1 %

IAS kt

100 %

Alignment

100 %

Bank °

66.86 %

98.86 %

Descent Rate fpm

Info

64.89 %

Landing

Landing on runway 20 at WSAP Singapore Paya Lebar Aero, runway length 4,431 m. Threshold height at 97 ft agl was significantly above target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 104 kn.

Height

0 %

Threshold height at 97 ft agl was significantly above target. Target 50 ft agl

Speed

100 %

Threshold speed was excessively high at 104 kt. Target 62 kt

Flare

0 %

Very poor landing flare

Centreline ft

100 %

Bank °