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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Make small rudder corrections against a point at the far end to hold the centreline.
What happened: During the ground roll you drifted 15 m off the runway centreline.
Watch for: Watch runway alignment against the centreline, correcting with small rudder inputs.
See Departure Roll
Arrival
Make small rudder corrections against a fixed point at the far end of the runway to stop the drift as soon as it starts in the flare.
What happened: On the landing you drifted 17 m off the centreline, and that kind of lateral drift usually carries through to a touchdown point 19 m off centreline and into a rollout that is still skewed off the runway centreline.
Watch for: Heading indicator: track straight down the extended runway centreline through touchdown and rollout.
A small uncorrected heading error at 40 knots becomes a metre of offset per second by 100 knots, noticed only at rotation, producing a crabbed liftoff. Root cause is nearly always eyes on the tape instead of the far end of the runway. Small heading changes displace a distant point visibly long before the nearby centreline stripes look wrong.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 17 stages, 14 in the score
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Taxi out
The roll
A slow rotation
The nose came up at 138 kt against the 140 kt rotate speed, and rose at 1.9° a second, slower than the 2.1 to 2.9 other Airbus A320ceo pilots fly.
The rotation started on speed but the nose came up slowly. Make it one positive, continuous pull at the normal rate for this aircraft, rather than easing the nose up in steps.
Liftoff and climb
Plan view the roll down the 3,284 m runway.
Rolled from 72 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 15 m at the widest, and lifted off 15 m left. Airborne 43 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Side view from the start of the roll to 1,378 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,524 m of runway left; then climbing at 2,320 fpm on average to 1,378 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway.
Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare.
Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 35 ft, where the slope reads properly.
The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 35 ft, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 2.1 to 2.9° a second, the middle half of rotation rates flown by other Airbus A320ceo pilots over the last 180 days (230 takeoffs); the grey pair are 2 to 3° a second, the rates airliners are rotated at. A trace steeper than both green lines is a faster rotation than most, one shallower than both a slower one. The red dashed line is 11.7°, the pitch at which this aircraft's tail touches the runway with the wheels still on it, drawn from rotation to liftoff only: once the wheels leave, every foot climbed adds tail clearance.
Right-hand, 1,500 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.
Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 2 nm out at 200 kt
The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.
Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded
The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,500 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.
Good: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.
Good: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.
Good: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.
Good: full marks on the turn.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 40 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 552 m right of the centreline, then inside the band from 2.5 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 32 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 19 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between +1 kt and +3 kt on the approach speed of 128 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
The flare held the target profile well
The flare began at 1 ft agl above the runway, lower than this aircraft wants. Touchdown was 585 m past the threshold. Begin raising the nose earlier - a late flare leaves no time to arrest the sink.
Touchdown
Rollout
Taxi in
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 39 ft, 11 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare late, at 1 ft. Touched down 585 m in, 281 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 300 fpm at the flare to 240 fpm at touchdown. The pitch barely changed. Into the flare at 116 kt, 12 kt under the 128 kt approach speed, and 116 kt at touchdown.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,284 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 19 m right of the centreline, and steered back to 8.3 m left by the end of the rollout. Little crosswind (2 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 13° left of the track, wings level.
Wind 001° at 3 kt · 1 kt head · 2 kt across
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.
Touched down 585 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.
From 120 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 15 s, an average deceleration of 0.31 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
The rest of the report
The Airbus A320-ceo departed from runway 05R at NZAA Auckland International Airport. Takeoff used 1,427 m (43 % of the runway) and rotation occurred at 138 kt. The local weather was 35 °C with wind 3 kt from 001°, giving a 3 kt cross-wind and a 1 kt head-wind.
Initial climb reached 400 ft agl in 35 seconds, averaging 2,018 fpm and attaining 193 kt at the top of the climb. The right-hand circuit around runway 05R lasted 5 minutes. The downwind leg was 8 nm, flown in 144 seconds at 1,480 ft agl, followed by a 1 nm base leg completed in 25 seconds.
Final approach descended from 1,303 ft agl to 58 ft agl in 107 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, speed and wings level; the centreline check was not met at one gate.
Landing was on runway 05R (length 3,284 m). The threshold height was good and the threshold speed was 129 kt. The flare began late but was described as great; touchdown occurred 187 m beyond the touchdown zone at 116 kt, with a touchdown rate of minus 238 fpm. The touchdown point was misaligned by 18.7 m from the centreline. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 1,054 m (32 % of the runway) and the rollout was slightly misaligned by 10.7 m from the centreline.
After landing, taxiing to parking took less than 1 minute and covered less than 1 nm. The total flight was 23 nm, lasted 9 minutes and used 3 kg of fuel.
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