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LILR
Cremona (CR), Italy
Runway 29
Elevation148 ft asl
Weight2,715 kg
Fuel254 kg
Wind359° · 3 kn · 3 kn cross

Flight Score

87.50 %
LOIH
Hohenems, Austria
Runway 23
Elevation1,345 ft asl
Weight2,618 kg
Fuel156 kg
Wind167° · 4 kn · 4 kn cross
15 Sep 2026 0:54 154 nm Beechcraft Duke 98 kg
Departure Score
88.06 %
Enroute Score
92.00 %
Arrival Score
82.43 %

What went well

Touchdown 319 m in — inside the full-score zone
Rollout held the centreline — 0.75 m off at taxi speed
Lifted off at 80 kt — on the 96 kt target

What held you back

Enroute Climb — stall warning; speed limits at 0 %, −2.67 points
Departure Roll — Strobe Lights at 0 %, Takeoff distance 581 m at 38 %, −2.26 points
Arrival Rollout — Landing distance 569 m at 43 %, −1.76 points
Arrival Touchdown — Touchdown rate was -647 fpm at 0 %, g force 0.87 to 1.69 g at 75 %, −1.60 points

Next time

Departure

Make small rudder corrections against a fixed point at the far end of the runway to hold the centreline during the roll.

What happened: The aircraft drifted 8.4 m off the runway centreline during the ground roll, and wing drift like that usually keeps reappearing as bank in the climb, with 3.8° of bank in the first climb segment and 2.3° still showing in the second.

Watch for: Heading indicator: steady on the runway centreline during the roll, then wings level through the climb.

See Departure RollDeparture Climb 1Departure Climb 2

Arrival

Add power on short final to recover 94 kt by the threshold, then hold that speed through the flare.

What happened: Crossing the threshold at 78 kt against the 94 kt target usually leaves too little energy for the flare, and the sink that then returns usually carries through to a firm touchdown.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 94 kt at the threshold.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 29 at LILR Cremona-Migliaro Airfield, Average speed was 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 7 kt0 kt min to max 17 kt 0 17 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °4.0 ° min to max 4.3 ° 4.3 4.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.3 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.4 °
Info Average g force 0.98 g0.98 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.98 g

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Roll 79.64Departure roll runway 29 at LILR Cremona-Migliaro Airfield. Takeoff distance 581 m 91 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 80 kt. Local weather - Temperature 28 °C. Wind 3 kt at 359 °. Crosswind: 3 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
38 % Takeoff distance 581 m91 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 80 ktTarget 96 kt
85 % Runway alignment max 8.37 m left8.37 m left to 2.35 m right -0.77 8.37 m
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.94 g min to max 1.10 g 0.97 1.10 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 4.7 °3.9 ° min to max 12.9 ° 4.0 12.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.5 1.9 °

Events

Fail Strobe Lights
Departure Climb 1 97.50Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 29 LILR Cremona-Migliaro Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
96 % Heading variation -1.2 °-1.4 ° min to max -0.8 ° -0.8 -1.1 °
100 % Average speed 86 kt80 kt min to max 92 kt 80 92 kt
94 % Average bank angle 3.8 °0.1 ° min to max 7.4 ° 2.0 3.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.78 g min to max 1.22 g 1.12 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 355 fpm220 fpm min to max 568 fpm 463 330 fpm
Info Average altitude 25 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 45 ft agl 0 45 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.3 °9.5 ° min to max 15.8 ° 13.3 11.0 °

Events

Fail Stall Warning Activated 4 ft agl · 87 kt
Fail Stall Warning Activated 33 ft agl · 91 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 26 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 42 ft agl · 95 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 44 ft agl · 96 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 50 ft agl · 97 kt
Departure Climb 2 87.04Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 29 LILR Cremona-Migliaro Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.6 °-1.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° -1.0 1.2 °
100 % Average speed 94 kt92 kt min to max 95 kt 92 94 kt
48 % Average bank angle 2.3 °0.0 ° min to max 23.2 ° 3.0 23.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.95 g min to max 1.08 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 568 fpm330 fpm min to max 1,111 fpm 330 950 fpm
Info Average altitude 70 ft agl45 ft agl min to max 213 ft agl 45 213 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.1 °10.6 ° min to max 14.4 ° 11.2 13.3 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 55 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 63 ft agl · 99 kt
Enroute Climb 60.00Enroute climb started overhead LILR Cremona-Migliaro Airfield Cremona (CR) (Lombardia, Italy). Climbing from 389 ft asl to 14,009 ft asl, an increase of 13,621 ft in 14 minutes and covering 32 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Average speed 112 kt93 kt min to max 153 kt 94 153 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.8 °0.0 ° min to max 31.0 ° 25.6 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.90 g min to max 1.12 g 1.03 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 977 fpm-69 fpm min to max 1,274 fpm 897 -69 fpm
Info Average altitude 4,689 ft asl389 ft asl min to max 14,013 ft asl 389 14,009 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 10.2 °2.5 ° min to max 14.9 ° 13.2 2.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Stall Warning Activated 268 ft agl · 100 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 404 ft agl · 99 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 441 ft agl · 100 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 10,120 ft agl · 138 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 13,537 ft agl · 148 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Brusaporto (Lombardia, Italy) and lasted 20 minutes, covering 69 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,200 ft of 14,002 ft asl13,991 ft asl min to max 14,012 ft asl 14,009 13,999 ft asl
100 % Average speed 171 kt156 kt min to max 176 kt 156 172 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.86 g min to max 1.16 g 0.98 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °0.5 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.6 1.8 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Bonaduz (Kanton Graubunden, Switzerland). Descent from 13,999 ft asl to 8,884 ft asl, a decrease of 5,115 ft in 7 minutes and covering 23 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 171 kt164 kt min to max 191 kt 172 178 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.6 °0.0 ° min to max 18.6 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.86 g min to max 1.18 g 1.01 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -769 fpm-1,398 fpm min to max 6 fpm -6 -1,025 fpm
Info Average altitude 11,376 ft asl8,884 ft asl min to max 13,999 ft asl 13,999 8,884 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-1.5 ° min to max 1.9 ° 1.9 -1.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 11,700 ft agl · 215 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 6,549 ft agl · 207 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Grabs (Kanton St. Gallen, Switzerland) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 11 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±935 ft of 8,512 ft asl8,493 ft asl min to max 8,694 ft asl 8,694 8,510 ft asl
100 % Average speed 169 kt165 kt min to max 177 kt 177 169 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.90 g min to max 1.09 g 1.03 0.90 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °-1.0 ° min to max 2.2 ° -1.0 1.0 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 6,673 ft agl · 203 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 7,260 ft agl · 194 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 7,260 ft agl · 194 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 7,260 ft agl · 194 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 7,260 ft agl · 194 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 7,261 ft agl · 194 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile south east of Koblach (Vorarlberg, Austria). Descent from 8,353 ft asl to 1,540 ft asl, a decrease of 6,813 ft in 7 minutes and covering 17 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 127 kt83 kt min to max 177 kt 174 92 kt
100 % Average bank angle 12.0 °0.0 ° min to max 25.7 ° 1.4 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.73 g min to max 1.30 g 1.00 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -796 fpm-1,678 fpm min to max 165 fpm -1,166 -232 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,801 ft asl1,540 ft asl min to max 8,353 ft asl 8,353 1,540 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °-2.8 ° min to max 9.3 ° -1.5 5.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 5,793 ft agl · 188 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 5,793 ft agl · 188 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,229 ft agl · 162 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,024 ft agl · 136 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,027 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 224 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 223 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 216 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 217 ft agl · 92 kt
Arrival Approach 80.00Final approach to runway 23 at LOIH Hohenems-Dornbirn Airfield. Descent from 301 ft agl to 36 ft agl in 44 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed
100 % Landing flappassed
100 % Sink ratepassed
100 % On glideslopepassed
0 % On speedfailed

Events

Fail Stall Warning Activated 50 ft agl · 89 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 224 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 223 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 216 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 217 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 70 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 60 ft agl · 91 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 29 ft agl · 86 kt
Arrival Landing 82.64Landing on runway 23 at LOIH Hohenems-Dornbirn Airfield, runway length 638 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was a little below target at 78 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
74 % Threshold speed was a little below target at 78 kt. Target 94 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 34 ft agl
69 % The flare wandered off the target profile. The flare took all the sink out 10 ft agl above the runway and the aircraft settled on from there, 1,271 fpm of sink coming back, having crossed the threshold below target speed. Touchdown was 319 m past the threshold. Carry the speed to the flare and hold it lower - the aircraft ran out of lift before the wheels arrived, so the fix is energy on the approach, not attitude.
77 % Runway alignment max 12.06 m right5.92 m right to 12.06 m right -9.49 -5.92 m
93 % Average bank angle 3.3 °0.0 ° min to max 5.2 ° 0.4 4.2 °
98 % Average g force 0.98 g0.75 g min to max 1.29 g 0.89 0.87 g
Info Average speed 77 kt72 kt min to max 80 kt 78 72 kt
Info Average VSI -118 fpm-480 fpm min to max 410 fpm -411 -480 fpm
Info Average altitude 8 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 19 ft agl 19 6 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.3 °4.6 ° min to max 14.0 ° 5.4 10.7 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 7 ft agl · 87 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 17 ft agl · 86 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 9 ft agl · 80 kt
07515022530037508.3517253342Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375-12-10-8-6-4-2024681012Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 75.94Touchdown point was very long using more than 50% of available runway. Touchdown speed at 72 kt was good. Touchdown rate was heavy at -647 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.9 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 22 °C. Wind 4 kt at 167 °. Crosswind: 4 kt Headwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Touchdown rate was -647 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 319 mTarget 365 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 72 ktTarget below 92 kt
90 % Runway alignment max 5.92 m right5.31 m right -5.92 -4.61 m
75 % Average bank angle 2.7 °2.2 ° min to max 4.2 ° 4.2 2.3 °
75 % Average g force 1.21 g0.87 g min to max 1.69 g 0.87 1.19 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 71 kt71 kt min to max 72 kt 72 71 kt
Info Average pitch angle 10.7 °9.9 ° min to max 11.1 ° 10.7 9.9 °
Arrival Rollout 73.55Total landing distance 569 m, 89 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
43 % Landing distance 569 m89 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 2.01 m right0.00 m left to 2.01 m right -2.01 -0.75 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.95 g min to max 1.12 g 1.12 1.01 g
Info Average speed 72 kt44 kt min to max 76 kt 76 44 kt
Info Average pitch angle 5.2 °1.9 ° min to max 9.8 ° 9.8 1.9 °
Info Average bank angle 1.4 °0.1 ° min to max 2.2 ° 2.2 0.2 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Deactivated 3 ft agl · 77 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 4 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 9 kt0 kt min to max 37 kt 37 2 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.8 °1.4 ° min to max 5.3 ° 1.7 5.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.1 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 1.02 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 7 kt4 kt min to max 8 kt 6 4 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 5 ktmax 5 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 4.3 °3.1 ° min to max 4.9 ° 4.5 3.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.4 0.9 °

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 80 kt with 12.9° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF12.9° off11° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0102030 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 14 kt 4.0° 0 s
Liftoff481 m · target 96 80 kt 12.9° 15.0 s
35 ft738 m · 5.5 s after liftoff 89 kt 10.6° 20.5 s
End of the climb1,485 m · 214 ft 94 kt 13.3° 35.1 s

Takeoff from LILR 29

Takeoff roll37.99
581m91 %
Liftoff speed100.00
80kttarget 96, 16 slow
TechniqueOk
soft or short field
Runway alignment85.32
8.37m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb97.50
355fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 214 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft 197 m past the runway end; then climbing at 640 fpm on average to 214 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END3040506070KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 80 ktSCALE CHANGES0.9 km past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 642 m runway.

Rolled from 101 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 8.2 m at the widest, and lifted off 8.4 m left. Airborne 91 % of the way down the runway, past the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

100200300400500600THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS2 kn75 %widest 8.21 m LROLL 101 M INAirborne 581 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 581 m of 642 m · 91 %
Behind the start of the roll, 101 mTakeoff roll, 481 m Left ahead, 61 m

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 300 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.

Five checks, one gate300 ft 80.004 of 5
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate250 fpm
On glideslope2.2°
On speed−11 kt

At the 300 ft gate: speed more than 5 kt below the approach speed of 94 kt.

Still turning onto final at the lower gate, so the centreline and wings level are not asked there - the aeroplane was not lined up yet, and was banked because it was turning. The other checks are marked as usual.

When the approach was stable

Never every check met at once: right of the centreline all the way, slow from 0.2 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LOIH 23

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 1.8 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 150 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND410174300 ft gate4 of 5on speed263 ft · 83 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 1,111 m right of the centreline at 1.8 nm.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND837 m R42 m R181 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 47 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 28 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 1.8 nm, where the final began, to 1.2 nm, then slow to 0.7 nm (up to −11 kt), then inside the band to 0.2 nm, then slow to the threshold (up to −17 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

80100120140 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 94+1 kt−2 kt−16 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LOIH 23

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
18ft
Threshold speed74.29
78kttarget 94, 16 slow
Centreline offset77.27
12.06m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
319m
Centreline89.52
5.92m R
Speed100.00
71kttarget 92 or less
Touchdown rate0.00
-647fpm
Impact74.86
1.69G
BouncesOk
None
The flare68.78

The flare wandered off the target profile. The flare took all the sink out 10 ft agl above the runway and the aircraft settled on from there, 1,271 fpm of sink coming back, having crossed the threshold below target speed. Touchdown was 319 m past the threshold. Carry the speed to the flare and hold it lower - the aircraft ran out of lift before the wheels arrived, so the fix is energy on the approach, not attitude.

The crosswind

3 kt across from the left, which takes about 2° of crab to hold the centreline at 72 kt. Touched down with 2° of it still on, 4° of bank.

Wind 167° at 4 kt · 2 kt head · 3 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 78 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 11 s, an average deceleration of 0.27 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608010060 kt · 200 m30 kt · 304 mtouchdown316 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 638 m of the approach.

Began the flare at 20 ft, 5 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 18 ft, 32 ft below the 50 ft target; ballooned 15 ft from 3 ft. Touched down 319 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 638 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

18 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT held off 214 m from the lowest point 80 ft400 Flare began at 20 ft, 5 m before the threshold−453 fpm · 5.1° · 78 ktballooned +15 ft · from 3 ft to 18 ft−646 fpm · 10.7° nose up · 72 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 18 ft, down at 319 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

From the flare the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 560 fpm before coming down at 650 fpm to touch. The nose came up 5.6° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°7°14°descent slowedtouchdown−646 fpm at touchdown10.7° at touchdown, +5.6° from the flareclimbing 560 fpm
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 638 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 4.6 m right of the centreline and drifted to 8.8 m left on the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 3 kn FULL SCORE TO 401 M 319 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 319 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.69 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.

Runway used 546 m of 638 m · 86 %
In the air over the runway, 319 mRollout, 227 m Left over, 92 m
Rollout distance58.32
227m85 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
2.01m R

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The Beechcraft Duke taxied to runway 29 at LILR Cremona-Migliaro Airfield and commenced the departure roll. Takeoff was achieved after a distance of 581 m, representing 91 % of the runway, with liftoff attained at 80 kt. Local conditions were 28 °C with a wind of 3 kt from 359°, giving a 3 kt cross-wind component and a 1 kt head-wind component.

Climb began overhead the departure field, rising from 389 ft asl to 14 009 ft asl - an increase of 13 621 ft - in 14 minutes while covering 32 nm. The aircraft continued the ascent on a heading that kept it over the Cremona area.

Level cruise was established over Brusaporto, Lombardia, Italy and was maintained for 20 minutes, during which 69 nm were flown.

Descent commenced over Bonaduz, Kanton Graubünden, Switzerland, with the altitude decreasing from 13 999 ft asl to 8 884 ft asl - a loss of 5 115 ft - in 7 minutes while covering 23 nm.

A second level cruise segment was flown over Grabs, Kanton St. Gallen, Switzerland for 3 minutes, covering 11 nm.

The next descent started 1 mile south-east of Koblach, Vorarlberg, Austria, dropping from 8 353 ft asl to 1 540 ft asl - a loss of 6 813 ft - in 7 minutes and spanning 17 nm.

Final approach to runway 23 at LOIH Hohenems-Dornbirn Airfield was executed from the north-east on a heading of 223.0°, beginning at 0 nm and 191 ft agl. The approach segment descended from 301 ft agl to 36 ft agl in 44 seconds and met the stabilisation gates.

Landing was made on runway 23, whose length is 638 m. The threshold speed was slightly below target at 78 kt, while touchdown occurred at 72 kt with a hard rate of minus 480 fpm. The touchdown point used more than 50 % of the available runway; total landing distance was 569 m, representing 89 % of the runway. The aircraft touched down 5.9 m off the centreline. Weather at the destination was 22 °C with a wind of 4 kt from 167°, giving a 4 kt cross-wind component and a 2 kt head-wind component. Runway rollout alignment was very good.

The aircraft taxied from the runway to parking in less than 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm.

In total the flight covered 154 nm, required 54 minutes, and consumed 98 kg of fuel.

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