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KPHL
Philadelphia, United States
Runway 09L
Elevation13 ft asl
Weight501,854 lbs
Fuel62,841 lbs
Wind110° · 2 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

98.99 %
KIND
Indianapolis, United States
Runway 23L
Elevation787 ft asl
Weight476,613 lbs
Fuel36,609 lbs
Wind120° · 2 kn · 2 kn cross
27 Oct 2026 1:33 530 nm McDonnell Douglas MD-11 26,232 lbs
Departure Score
99.81 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
97.16 %

What went well

Touchdown 589 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 20 ft and 164 kt — both inside band
Straight touchdown — 5.4 ft off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Firm touchdown — 403 fpm, −0.95 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 403 fpm−0.61
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.29
  • Arrival Touchdown · 1.45 G at contact−0.04
Departure Climb 3 — scored 99.04 %, −0.06 points

Next time

Arrival

Begin the flare with progressive back pressure and keep it coming until the sink is arrested, rather than flying it on flat.

What happened: The nose was barely raised in the flare and little of the sink was taken out, flying the aircraft onto the runway. This pattern usually carries through to a firm touchdown with a noticeable sink rate.

Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a smoothly reducing sink through the normal flare band, not a steady rate into the runway.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 6 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 11 kt0 kt min to max 20 kt 0 6 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 16 ft agl
Info Engine 3 Started 16 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 16 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 16 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 2 16 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 3 16 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 16 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 16 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 8 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 09L at KPHL Philadelphia International Airport, Average speed was 8 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 6 kt6 kt min to max 6 kt 6 6 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 8 kt
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 09L at KPHL Philadelphia International Airport. Takeoff distance 5,502 ft 58 % of runway. Rotation speed was 154 kt. Local weather - Temperature 71 °F. Wind 2 kt at 109 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 5,502 ft58 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 154 ktTarget 156 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 4.7 ft left4.7 ft left to 0.9 ft right 2.5 -0.9 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 1.07 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-0.1 ° min to max 8.3 ° -0.1 8.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.0 1.2 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 09L KPHL Philadelphia International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 170 kt166 kt min to max 172 kt 166 172 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 1.3 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.14 g1.07 g min to max 1.16 g 1.07 1.15 g
Info Average VSI 796 fpm204 fpm min to max 1,364 fpm 204 1,364 fpm
Info Average altitude 8 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 25 ft agl 0 25 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.3 °8.3 ° min to max 11.8 ° 8.3 11.8 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 09L KPHL Philadelphia International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 173 kt172 kt min to max 175 kt 172 175 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.2 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.7 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.12 g0.99 g min to max 1.15 g 1.15 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 1,810 fpm1,380 fpm min to max 2,846 fpm 1,380 2,846 fpm
Info Average altitude 75 ft agl26 ft agl min to max 332 ft agl 26 332 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.8 °11.9 ° min to max 14.8 ° 11.9 14.8 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 218 ft agl · 176 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 261 ft agl · 176 kt
Departure Climb 3 99.04Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 09L KPHL Philadelphia International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
98 % Climb speed 176 kt175 kt min to max 177 ktTarget 193 kt, 17 kt slow 175 177 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.98 g min to max 0.99 g 0.98 0.98 g
100 % Landing gear up at 163 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.3 °
Info Average VSI 3,135 fpm2,885 fpm min to max 3,331 fpm 2,885 3,331 fpm
Info Average altitude 672 ft agl378 ft agl min to max 946 ft agl 378 946 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 15.4 °14.9 ° min to max 15.7 ° 14.9 15.7 °
Enroute Climb 99.99Enroute climb started 1 mile west of National Park (New Jersey, United States). Climbing from 1,034 ft asl to 33,993 ft asl, an increase of 32,958 ft in 16 minutes and covering 97 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 262 kt177 kt min to max 318 kt 177 286 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.5 °0.0 ° min to max 26.8 ° 0.2 0.0 °
99.9 % Average g force 1.01 g0.79 g min to max 1.39 g 0.97 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 2,627 fpm19 fpm min to max 5,579 fpm 3,348 19 fpm
Info Average altitude 12,991 ft asl1,034 ft asl min to max 33,993 ft asl 1,034 33,993 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 8.4 °2.7 ° min to max 15.6 ° 15.6 2.7 °
Info Turn coordination -5-28 min to max 22 -5 -2

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 5,373 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 1,472 ft agl · 182 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 4,190 ft agl · 241 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9,927 ft agl · 289 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north east of Aspers (Pennsylvania, United States) and lasted 45 minutes, covering 324 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,200 ft of 33,997 ft asl33,794 ft asl min to max 34,007 ft asl 33,996 33,794 ft asl
100 % Average speed 284 kt272 kt min to max 285 kt 285 272 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 11.7 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.05 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 0-14 min to max 16 1 -1
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °1.8 ° min to max 3.1 ° 2.8 2.0 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 3 miles west of Sidney (Ohio, United States). Descent from 33,654 ft asl to 9,298 ft asl, a decrease of 24,355 ft in 12 minutes and covering 77 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 318 kt247 kt min to max 332 kt 273 247 kt
100 % Average bank angle 5.2 °0.0 ° min to max 22.3 ° 0.2 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.82 g min to max 1.19 g 0.93 1.06 g
Info Average VSI -2,221 fpm-4,070 fpm min to max -647 fpm -1,400 -1,598 fpm
Info Average altitude 19,017 ft asl9,298 ft asl min to max 33,654 ft asl 33,654 9,298 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.9 °-2.8 ° min to max 1.3 ° 1.0 0.4 °
Info Turn coordination -2-32 min to max 42 0 0

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 9,324 ft agl · 305 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Activated 8,438 ft agl · 286 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead 66II Pat Robinson Airport Lapel (Indiana, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±954 ft of 9,000 ft asl8,964 ft asl min to max 9,077 ft asl 9,077 8,964 ft asl
100 % Average speed 233 kt223 kt min to max 244 kt 243 223 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.3 °0.1 ° min to max 9.5 ° 9.5 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.06 g 1.06 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 0-6 min to max 4 -3 2
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °2.1 ° min to max 4.2 ° 2.1 4.2 °

Events

Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Deactivated 8,121 ft agl · 279 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile east of Fishers (Indiana, United States). Descent from 8,964 ft asl to 2,020 ft asl, a decrease of 6,944 ft in 4 minutes and covering 16 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 184 kt164 kt min to max 223 kt 223 166 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.2 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.05 g 0.99 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -1,176 fpm-3,642 fpm min to max 12 fpm -8 -569 fpm
Info Average altitude 4,078 ft asl2,020 ft asl min to max 8,965 ft asl 8,964 2,020 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °-5.3 ° min to max 5.1 ° 4.2 4.4 °
Info Turn coordination 0-5 min to max 8 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Activated 8,182 ft agl · 257 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 8,073 ft agl · 258 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 5,886 ft agl · 232 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 5,748 ft agl · 232 kt
Info Flaps Position 5 2,303 ft agl · 204 kt
Info Flaps Position 6 2,023 ft agl · 182 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 23L at KIND Indianapolis International Airport. Descent from 1,250 ft agl to 39 ft agl in 82 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 923 ft agl · 170 kt
Arrival Landing 95.60Landing on runway 23L at KIND Indianapolis International Airport, runway length 9,991 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 165 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 165 kt. Target 163 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
82 % The flare mostly held the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.3° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 589 ft past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
100 % Runway alignment max 9.0 ft right7.5 ft right to 9.0 ft right -9.0 -7.5 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.3 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g1.05 g min to max 1.09 g 1.05 1.08 g
Info Average speed 164 kt163 kt min to max 165 kt 165 163 kt
Info Average VSI -616 fpm-796 fpm min to max -452 fpm -796 -452 fpm
Info Average altitude 8 ft agl-3 ft agl min to max 21 ft agl 21 -3 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.5 °4.6 ° min to max 6.2 ° 4.6 6.2 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Approach 923 ft agl · 170 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 31 ft agl · 167 kt
025050075001223354658Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft0250500750-90-72-54-36-1801836547290Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 90.22Touchdown distance was good at 589 ft. Touchdown speed at 163 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was hard at -403 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 76 °F. Wind 2 kt at 120 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Tailwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
54 % Touchdown rate was -403 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 589 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 163 ktTarget below 161 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 7.5 ft right6.5 ft right -7.5 -5.4 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.1 °
89 % Average g force 1.20 g1.08 g min to max 1.45 g 1.08 1.20 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 163 kt162 kt min to max 163 kt 163 162 kt
Info Average pitch angle 6.3 °6.2 ° min to max 6.3 ° 6.2 6.2 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 7,220 ft, 72 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 7,220 ft72 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 3.0 ft left3.0 ft left to 1.9 ft right 0.3 0.9 ft
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.15 g 1.15 0.98 g
Info Average speed 121 kt84 kt min to max 167 kt 167 84 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °-0.3 ° min to max 6.4 ° 6.3 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.2 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 52 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 53 kt5 kt min to max 84 kt 84 8 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.3 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.02 g 0.98 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 16 ft agl · 6 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 7 minutes and covered 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 14 kt2 kt min to max 22 kt 8 4 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.3 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.2 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.0 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 12 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 12 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 16 ft agl · 13 kt

2 landings

Every landing in this flight

The flight is kept as it was recorded: it ends when the engine is shut down, so a landing with the rotors turning is a stop along the way, not a new flight.

# Where Into flight Touchdown Ground speed Sideways On the ground
1 LEPP · Pamplona Airport 35:48 432 ft/min 5.2 kt 0.0 kt 0:25
2 LEPP · Pamplona Airport 38:05 113 ft/min 14.5 kt 10.7 kt 0:17

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 154 kt, on the 156 kt target, and lifted off at 165 kt 3.8 s later, the nose coming up at 2.1° a second. Climb 3 averaged 176 kt, 17 kt under its 193 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 193180 kt12060020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 1568.3° off · 2.1°/s12° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 8 kt -0.1° 0 s
80 kt1,101 ft 80 kt -0.1° 23.1 s
Rotate4,262 ft · target 156 154 kt 0.5° 39.0 s
Liftoff5,304 ft · +11 kt from rotation 165 kt 8.3° 42.8 s
35 ft6,437 ft · 4.0 s after liftoff 173 kt 12.2° 46.8 s
Gear up7,625 ft · 163 ft · full marks to 400 ft 175 kt 14.4° 51.6 s
Climb 39,081 ft · 378 ft to 946 ft · target 193 176 kt avg 14.9° 56.7 s
End of Climb 312,293 ft · 946 ft 177 kt 15.7° 67 s

Takeoff from KPHL 09L

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
5,502ft58 %
Rotation speed100.00
154kttarget 156, 2 slow
Liftoff speed
165kt
Runway alignment100.00
4.7ft L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
163ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed97.61
176kttarget 193
Rate of climb100.00
795fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 946 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 2,807 ft of runway left; gear up at 163 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,340 fpm on average to 946 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3176 kt avgtarget 193THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120140KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 154 kttarget 156Liftoff 165 ktGear up 163 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 9,456 ft runway.

Rolled from 212 ft in, never more than 5 ft off the centreline. Airborne 58 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

2,0004,0006,0008,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 4.6 ft LROLL 212 FT INAirborne 5,517 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 5,517 ft of 9,456 ft · 58 %
Behind the start of the roll, 212 ftTakeoff roll, 5,304 ft Left ahead, 3,939 ft

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate760 fpm850 fpm
On glideslope3.0°3.0°
On centreline0.1° off0.0° off
On speed+2.3 kt+1.4 kt
Wings level1° bank0° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KIND 23L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 80 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,2336753571511,000 ft gate7 of 71,038 ft · 165 kt500 ft gate7 of 7533 ft · 164 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 28× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 40 ft off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR110 ft L0110 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND43 ft L15 ft R5 ft L10 ft R37 ft L7 ft R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 41 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 24 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between +1 kt and +4 kt on the approach speed of 163 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

160180200220 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 163+4 kt+2 kt+2 kt+3 kt+2 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KIND 23L

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
20ft
Threshold speed100.00
164kttarget 163, 1 fast
Centreline offset100.00
9.0ft R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
589ft
Centreline100.00
7.5ft R
Speed100.00
162kttarget 160, 2 fast
Touchdown rate53.95
-403fpm
Impact88.57
1.45G
BouncesOk
None
The flare82.38

The flare mostly held the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.3° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 589 ft past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.

The crosswind

Little crosswind (2 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 120° at 2 kt · 1 kt tail · 2 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 168 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 51 s, an average deceleration of 0.14 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012016060 kt · 7,753 ft30 kt · 8,522 fttouchdown8,863 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 7,454 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 20 ft, 30 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 17 ft. Touched down 589 ft in, 411 ft short of the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 7,454 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

20 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 17 ft · −797 fpm · 4.9° · 165 ktdescent slowed at 1 ft · −393 fpm · 6.2°−403 fpm · 6.2° nose up · 163 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 20 ft, down at 589 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 800 fpm at the flare to 400 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.3° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−403 fpm at touchdown6.2° at touchdown, +1.3° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 7,454 ft of the 9,991 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 5 ft right of the centreline, and stayed within 7 ft of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 2 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 589 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 589 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 403 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 7,054 ft of 9,991 ft · 71 %
In the air over the runway, 589 ftRollout, 6,465 ft Left over, 2,937 ft
Rollout distance100.00
6,465ft71 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
3.0ft L

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Flight narrative

The MD-11 departed KPHL on runway 09L. The take-off roll used 5,502 ft, 58 % of the runway, and rotation occurred at 154 kt. Local weather was 71 °F with a wind of 2 kt from 109°, giving a 1 kt cross-wind and a 2 kt head-wind.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl lasted 22 seconds, averaging 2,274 fpm and reaching 177 kt at the top. The climb continued from 1,034 ft asl to 33,993 ft asl in 16 minutes, covering 97 nm. Level cruise was held at 34,000 ft asl for 45 minutes, covering 324 nm.

Descent began at 33,654 ft asl and proceeded to 2,020 ft asl in 17 minutes, covering 99 nm, with a brief level-off at 9,000 ft asl. The final approach to runway 23L at KIND started from 1,250 ft agl and descended to 39 ft agl in 82 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were all met: gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed, and wings level.

Configuration on final: landing gear was down at 5,886 ft agl at 232 kt; final flap position 6 was selected at 2,023 ft agl at 182 kt. The aircraft crossed the threshold at a good speed of 165 kt. The flare was described as very good, with little round-out. Touchdown occurred 589 ft down the runway at 163 kt, a little fast, with a hard rate of -403 fpm. Alignment on touchdown and rollout was very good and perfect, respectively. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 7,220 ft, 72 % of the 9,991 ft runway.

After landing, the MD-11 taxied to the parking area in 7 minutes, covering 2 nm. The overall flight covered 530 nm in 93 minutes and used 26,232 lb of fuel.

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