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LESA
Salamanca, Spain
Runway 21
Elevation2,589 ft asl
Weight904 kg
Fuel54 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

84.50 %
LESA
Salamanca, Spain
Runway 21
Elevation2,589 ft asl
Weight901 kg
Fuel51 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
25 Nov 2024 0:18 10 nm Cessna C172 3 kg
Departure Score
94.96 %
Pattern Score
83.03 %
Arrival Score
75.51 %

What went well

Touched down at -373 fpm — a soft arrival
Rollout controlled — 46 % of the runway used
Airborne in 656 m — 26 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Landing — at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 0 %, −4.25 points
Pattern Crosswind — Heading -16.4 ° at 24 %, −2.84 points
Arrival Touchdown — Speed at touchdown 72 kn at 46 %, Runway alignment max 11.98 m at 67 %, −2.41 points

Top opportunity

Work on the flare

Arrival Landing

Arrive slow and the sink rate at the threshold is already above schedule, the flare is short because there is no energy to extend it, and the touchdown is hard in a way that feels exactly like a late flare. Diagnosing a slow arrival as a late flare is the catastrophic misread: you respond by flaring earlier, which bleeds more speed, which makes the next one worse. The tiebreaker is threshold speed against VRef, not feel. Never diagnose a flare without it.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 15 stages, 13 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 13 minutes and covered 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 10 kn0 kn min to max 19 kn 0 6 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 7 knmax 10 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °1.4 ° min to max 2.1 ° 1.8 1.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.1 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 21 at LESA Salamanca Airport, Average speed was 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 6 kn0 kn min to max 8 kn 0 4 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °1.6 ° min to max 2.2 ° 2.2 1.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Roll 89.86Departure roll runway 21 at LESA Salamanca Airport. Takeoff distance 656 m 26 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 75 kn. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 656 m26 % of runway
93 % Liftoff speed was 75 knTarget 65 kn
82 % Runway alignment max 8.12 m0.00 m left to 8.12 m right -1.96 -8.12 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.20 g 1.00 1.20 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °-0.2 ° min to max 5.5 ° 1.9 5.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.1 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 21 LESA Salamanca Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.6 °0.6 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.6 °
100 % Average speed 76 kn75 kn min to max 76 kn 75 75 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.17 g1.09 g min to max 1.21 g 1.21 1.09 g
Info Average VSI 742 ft/m430 ft/m min to max 1,111 ft/m 430 1,111 ft/m
Info Average altitude 17 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 51 ft agl 1 51 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.0 °5.6 ° min to max 12.6 ° 5.6 12.6 °
Departure Climb 2 90.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 21 LESA Salamanca Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 76 kn69 kn min to max 85 kn 75 77 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 4.6 ° 0.2 4.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.77 g min to max 1.12 g 1.09 1.02 g
Info Average VSI 780 ft/m-175 ft/m min to max 1,458 ft/m 1,127 814 ft/m
Info Average altitude 223 ft agl52 ft agl min to max 477 ft agl 52 477 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.4 °1.0 ° min to max 13.6 ° 12.7 8.6 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 194 ft agl · 88 kt
Pattern Entry 100.00Left hand pattern entry from runway 21 LESA Salamanca Airport. Distance was 1 nm in 17 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 76 kn71 kn min to max 85 kn 76 85 kn
100 % Average bank angle 16.4 °8.3 ° min to max 20.4 ° 8.3 14.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.05 g 1.02 1.05 g
Info Average VSI 226 ft/m-457 ft/m min to max 893 ft/m 866 -457 ft/m
Info Average altitude 557 ft agl496 ft agl min to max 581 ft agl 496 545 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.0 °-0.4 ° min to max 9.0 ° 8.9 -0.4 °
Pattern Crosswind 65.94Left hand pattern crosswind from runway 21 LESA Salamanca Airport. Distance was less than 1 nm in 26 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
24 % Heading -16.4 °-71.2 ° min to max 16.0 ° 16.0 -71.2 °
100 % Average speed 75 kn64 kn min to max 89 kn 86 67 kn
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.98 g min to max 1.12 g 1.07 1.08 g
Info Average VSI 654 ft/m-433 ft/m min to max 1,523 ft/m -433 622 ft/m
Info Average altitude 696 ft agl531 ft agl min to max 870 ft agl 538 870 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 13.3 °1.5 ° min to max 26.4 ° 11.6 11.6 °
Info Average pitch angle 8.1 °0.2 ° min to max 13.7 ° 0.2 9.7 °
Pattern Downwind 92.02Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was 2 nm in 97 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading 3.6 °-17.9 ° min to max 13.2 ° 13.2 -17.9 °
73 % Average altitude 1,169 ft agl883 ft agl min to max 1,324 ft agl 883 976 ft agl
100 % Average speed 75 kn54 kn min to max 104 kn 67 104 kn
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.82 g min to max 1.07 g 1.07 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 80 ft/m-1,314 ft/m min to max 1,449 ft/m 739 -1,314 ft/m
Info Average bank angle 2.2 °0.0 ° min to max 17.8 ° 9.7 13.4 °
Info Average pitch angle 3.7 °-6.5 ° min to max 16.8 ° 10.7 -6.5 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 1,239 ft agl · 102 kt
Pattern Base Leg Turn 74.16Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 1 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 19.8 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
19 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 19.8 °.
100 % Average speed 90 kn75 kn min to max 118 kn 105 83 kn
100 % Average bank angle 14.0 °0.0 ° min to max 24.7 ° 17.0 0.0 °
84 % Average g force 1.04 g0.62 g min to max 2.06 g 0.98 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -581 ft/m-2,412 ft/m min to max 3,480 ft/m -1,387 -1,471 ft/m
Info Average altitude 740 ft agl472 ft agl min to max 952 ft agl 952 472 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.9 °-11.0 ° min to max 21.2 ° -6.9 -8.3 °
Arrival Final 1 92.67Approaching runway 21 at LESA Salamanca Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 445 ft agl to 177 ft agl. A decrease of 269 ft in 9 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
63 % Approach angle 18.0 °14.1 ° min to max 27.8 °Target 3.0 ° 14.1 27.8 °
100 % Average speed 88 kn84 kn min to max 92 kn 84 92 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.6 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.96 g min to max 1.02 g 0.96 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -1,754 ft/m-1,869 ft/m min to max -1,544 ft/m -1,544 -1,804 ft/m
Info Average altitude 313 ft agl177 ft agl min to max 445 ft agl 445 177 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -9.4 °-9.8 ° min to max -8.7 ° -8.7 -9.0 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 36.23Landing on runway 21 at LESA Salamanca Airport, runway length 2,516 m. Threshold height at 147 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 93 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
45 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 93 kn. Target 70 kn
0 % Target 50 ft agl
0 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °0.1 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.1 0.4 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.92 g min to max 1.17 g 1.02 0.97 g
Info Average speed 84 kn72 kn min to max 94 kn 93 72 kn
Info Average VSI -513 ft/m-1,755 ft/m min to max 55 ft/m -1,755 -369 ft/m
Info Average altitude 34 ft agl5 ft agl min to max 147 ft agl 147 5 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-8.6 ° min to max 2.8 ° -8.6 -0.5 °
0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,0501,1250285785114142Runway Distance mLanding Height ft0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,0501,125-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 63.84Touchdown point was 379 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 72 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was firm at -369 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 12.0 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
91 % Touchdown VSI was -369 ft/m.
72 % Touchdown distance was 714 mTarget 457 m
46 % Speed at touchdown 72 knTarget 55 kn
67 % Runway alignment max 11.98 m11.45 m left 10.92 11.98 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.0 0.6 °
98 % Average g force 1.07 g0.94 g min to max 1.58 g 0.97 1.09 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 69 kn66 kn min to max 72 kn 72 66 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °-0.5 ° min to max 3.8 ° -0.5 3.5 °
Arrival Rollout 84.82Total landing distance 1,287 m, 51 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 12.3 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,287 m51 % of runway.
66 % Runway alignment max 12.30 m12.30 m left to 0.00 m left 12.00 2.30 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.08 g 1.07 1.01 g
Info Average speed 69 kn41 kn min to max 75 kn 75 41 kn
Info Average pitch angle 3.1 °0.5 ° min to max 3.7 ° 3.5 0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.6 0.0 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 4 ft agl · 71 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 3 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 12 kn5 kn min to max 37 kn 37 5 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °0.2 ° min to max 2.3 ° 0.4 2.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.00 g
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 4 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 9 kn0 kn min to max 15 kn 5 3 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 10 knmax 13 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °1.6 ° min to max 2.4 ° 2.1 1.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.1 0.1 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl

Takeoff

OkTaxi lightsSet
100.00Takeoff roll656 m · 26 %
92.78Liftoff speed75 kt
81.50Runway alignment8.12 m R
OkBounce on takeoffNone
100.00Rate of climb741 fpm

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

0.00Threshold height146 ft
44.91Threshold speed93 kt
100.00Centreline offset0.12 m L

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate for a circuit: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate is an instrument-approach check and does not apply.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on LESA 21

Past threshold0.00
968m
Centreline67.46
11.98m L
Speed45.78
72kt
Touchdown rate90.71
-373fpm
Impact97.71
1.58G
Bounces80.00
1

Side view — the last 1,541 m of the approach.

146 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 146 ft, down at 968 m

Plan view — the first 1,541 m of the 2,516 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 503 M 968 m past threshold CLEARED

Touched down 968 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,419 m of 2,516 m · 56 %
Rollout distance100.00
451m46 % used
Rollout alignment66.27
12.30m L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 21 at LESA Salamanca Airport in the Cessna 172
94.96 %
100 %
Taxi
Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 13 minutes and covered 2 nm.
Taxi Lights
100 %
Switched On
Ground Speed kt
100 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
100 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
3 2 1
89.86 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 21 at LESA Salamanca Airport. Takeoff distance 656 m 26 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 75 kn. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 656 m using 26.08 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
92.78 %
Liftoff speed was 75 kn - Target 65 kn
Alignment
81.5 %
0.00 m left to 8.12 m right
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
0 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
80 40 0
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
6 3 0
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,500-20-15-10-505101520 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
100 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 21 LESA Salamanca Airport.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
80 75 70
Bank °
100 %
1 0.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
13 9 5
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,200 550 -100
90 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 21 LESA Salamanca Airport.
Alignment
0 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
90 75 60
Bank °
100 %
5 2.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
14 7.5 1
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,500 650 -200
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,500078156234312390 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.250100200300400 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.25-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 21 at LESA Salamanca Airport in the Cessna 172
Landing Score 69.39 %
92.67 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 21 at LESA Salamanca Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 445 ft agl to 177 ft agl. A decrease of 269 ft in 9 seconds.
Glideslope
63.34 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
100 %
Excellent heading alignment
Glideslope °
63.34 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
93 86 80
Alignment
100 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
100 %
2 1 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-1,544 -1,722 -1,900
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
36.23 %
Landing
Landing on runway 21 at LESA Salamanca Airport, runway length 2,516 m. Threshold height at 147 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 93 kn.
Height
0 %
Threshold height at 147 ft agl was excessively over target. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
44.91 %
Threshold speed was excessively high at 93 kt. Target 70 kt
Flare
0 %
Very poor landing flare
Centreline ft
100 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
100 %
1 0.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
94 82 70
Pitch °
Info
3 -2.5 -8
Descent Rate fpm
Info
55 -873 -1,800
0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,0501,1250285785114142 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,0501,125-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
63.84 %
Touchdown
Touchdown point was 379 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 72 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was firm at -369 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 12.0 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
Touchdown
90.71 %
Touchdown rate was firm at -373 fpm.
Speed
45.78 %
Touchdown speed at 72 kt was excessively fast. Target below 55 kn
Distance
71.87 %
Touchdown point was 379 m beyond the touchdown zone.
Alignment
67.46 %
Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 12.0 m from centreline.
Bank
100 %
Bank angle 0.4 °
G
97.71 %
G 1.07 g
Bounce
80 %
Bounce Detected
84.82 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 1,287 m, 51 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 12.3 m from centreline.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 1,287 m using 51.13 % of runway
Alignment
66.27 %
Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 12.3 m from centreline.
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
66 43 20
Bank °
Info
2 1 0
Pitch °
Info
4 2 0
02004006008001,0001,2001,400 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
100 %
Taxi
Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 4 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched Off
Taxi Lights
100 %
Switched On
Ground Speed kt
100 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
100 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
3 2 1
Metrics
Metrics

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