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YMES
East Sale, Australia
Runway 09
Elevation16 ft asl
Weight2,822 kg
Fuel586 kg
Wind109° · 3 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

88.60 %
YMES
East Sale, Australia
Runway 09
Elevation16 ft asl
Weight2,776 kg
Fuel539 kg
Wind109° · 3 kn · 1 kn cross
8 Jul 2026 0:11 31 nm PC-21 47 kg
Departure Score
93.75 %
Enroute Score
84.92 %
Arrival Score
87.14 %

What went well

Touchdown 426 m in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 1.46 m off the centreline, no bounce
1.06 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Enroute Climb — GPWS warning; bank angle up to 57.8 ° at 64 %, −5.03 points
Arrival Approach — 300 ft gate 71 %, −2.38 points
Departure Roll — Liftoff speed was 129 kt at 0 %, Strobe Lights at 0 %, −2.08 points

Next time

Departure

Rotate the moment the speed tape reaches 80 kt, not after it.

What happened: Rotation was held until 129 kt, 49 kt past the 80 kt rotation target. Carrying that much extra speed into rotation usually adds unwanted energy right at liftoff.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator against the 80 kt rotation target.

Arrival

Adjust power to bring the approach speed onto 115 kt and hold it through the gates.

What happened: The approach speed deviated from the target through the stabilisation gates. This kind of deviation usually carries through to an unstable threshold crossing.

Watch for: Watch the airspeed indicator against 115 kt.

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 20 stages, 9 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 09 at YMES RAAF Base East Sale, Average speed was 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 0 kt0 kt min to max 0 kt 0 0 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.0 0.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 4 ft agl
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 4 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 4 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 4 ft agl
Info Pitot Heat Switched Off 4 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched Off 4 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 4 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 4 ft agl · 4 kt
Departure Roll 75.00Departure roll runway 09 at YMES RAAF Base East Sale. Takeoff distance 816 m 37 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 129 kt. Local weather - Temperature 14 °C. Wind 4 kt at 109 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 4 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 816 m37 % of runway
0 % Liftoff speed was 129 ktTarget 80 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.26 m right0.00 m left to 1.26 m right -0.11 -0.22 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.15 g 1.00 1.15 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °0.8 ° min to max 7.2 ° 0.8 7.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.3 0.3 °

Events

Fail Strobe Lights
Info Parking Brake On 4 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 4 ft agl · 10 kt
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 09 YMES RAAF Base East Sale.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 132 kt130 kt min to max 136 kt 130 136 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.4 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.4 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.13 g1.04 g min to max 1.21 g 1.21 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 886 fpm491 fpm min to max 1,232 fpm 491 1,232 fpm
Info Average altitude 20 ft agl7 ft agl min to max 39 ft agl 7 39 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.5 °7.3 ° min to max 9.3 ° 7.3 9.3 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 26 ft agl · 131 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 26 ft agl · 131 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 26 ft agl · 131 kt
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 09 YMES RAAF Base East Sale.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.2 °
100 % Average speed 143 kt136 kt min to max 166 kt 136 166 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.4 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.0 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.13 g 1.03 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 1,553 fpm1,245 fpm min to max 2,878 fpm 1,245 2,878 fpm
Info Average altitude 93 ft agl40 ft agl min to max 349 ft agl 40 349 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.0 °9.4 ° min to max 12.9 ° 9.4 12.9 °
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 09 YMES RAAF Base East Sale.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 176 kt168 kt min to max 182 ktTarget 165 kt, 11 kt fast 168 182 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.8 °0.1 ° min to max 19.9 ° 0.3 19.9 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.90 g min to max 1.04 g 1.04 0.92 g
100 % Landing gear up at 11 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 0.4 °0.3 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.3 0.5 °
Info Average VSI 3,415 fpm3,062 fpm min to max 3,551 fpm 3,062 3,396 fpm
Info Average altitude 675 ft agl401 ft agl min to max 942 ft agl 401 942 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 13.0 °11.6 ° min to max 13.8 ° 13.4 11.6 °
Enroute Climb 84.92Enroute climb started overhead YMES RAAF Base East Sale East Sale (State of Victoria, Australia). Climbing from 1,022 ft asl to 487 ft asl, an increase of 535 ft in 2 minutes and covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 185 kt130 kt min to max 217 kt 182 134 kt
64 % Average bank angle 25.6 °0.0 ° min to max 57.8 ° 30.8 0.4 °
92 % Average g force 1.20 g0.83 g min to max 1.81 g 1.02 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -285 fpm-2,520 fpm min to max 3,256 fpm 3,256 -1,060 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,446 ft asl487 ft asl min to max 1,900 ft asl 1,022 487 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-8.8 ° min to max 11.4 ° 11.4 -2.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 841 ft agl · 132 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,659 ft agl · 219 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,638 ft agl · 218 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 1,605 ft agl · 199 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 538 ft agl · 135 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Not counted in the flight scoreFinal approach to runway 09 at YMES RAAF Base East Sale. Descent from 938 ft agl to 71 ft agl in 37 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed
100 % Landing flappassed
100 % Sink ratepassed
100 % On glideslopepassed
100 % On centrelinepassed
100 % On speedpassed
100 % Wings levelpassed

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 841 ft agl · 132 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 372 ft agl · 138 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 538 ft agl · 135 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 337 ft agl · 141 kt
Arrival Landing (GA) 96.45Not counted in the flight scoreLanding on runway 09 at YMES RAAF Base East Sale, runway length 2,228 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 133 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
96 % Threshold speed was well above target at 133 kt. Target 116 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
89 % The flare mostly held the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.2° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 426 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
100 % Runway alignment max 1.87 m left1.87 m left to 1.75 m left 1.75 1.81 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.95 g min to max 1.14 g 0.96 1.02 g
Info Average speed 132 kt131 kt min to max 133 kt 133 132 kt
Info Average VSI -690 fpm-884 fpm min to max -518 fpm -878 -518 fpm
Info Average altitude 17 ft agl-6 ft agl min to max 46 ft agl 46 -6 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-1.6 ° min to max 0.8 ° -1.6 0.1 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 26 ft agl · 132 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 19 ft agl · 133 kt
Go-around Go-Around runway 09 at YMES RAAF Base East Sale at 18 ft agl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 149 kt117 kt min to max 205 kt 132 124 kt
63 % Average bank angle 12.8 °0.0 ° min to max 58.7 ° 0.2 8.6 °
90 % Average g force 1.13 g0.66 g min to max 1.74 g 1.57 1.20 g
Info Average altitude 501 ft agl9 ft agl min to max 1,193 ft agl 18 413 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °-8.1 ° min to max 13.2 ° 0.8 -1.4 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 716 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 53 ft agl · 138 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 53 ft agl · 138 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 53 ft agl · 138 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,102 ft agl · 206 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,102 ft agl · 206 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,082 ft agl · 204 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 1,021 ft agl · 192 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 443 ft agl · 131 kt
Arrival Approach 57.14Not counted in the flight scoreFinal approach to runway 09 at YMES RAAF Base East Sale. Descent from 845 ft agl to 85 ft agl in 57 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed
100 % Landing flappassed
0 % Sink ratefailed
0 % On glideslopefailed
0 % On centrelinefailed
100 % On speedpassed
100 % Wings levelpassed

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 716 ft agl · 130 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 443 ft agl · 131 kt
Arrival Landing (GA) 93.35Not counted in the flight scoreLanding on runway 09 at YMES RAAF Base East Sale, runway length 2,228 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 116 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 116 kt. Target 115 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
73 % The flare wandered off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 2.1° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 426 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
100 % Runway alignment max 2.89 m left2.89 m left to 0.68 m left 2.89 0.68 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.2 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.2 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g1.01 g min to max 1.05 g 1.01 1.03 g
Info Average speed 112 kt107 kt min to max 116 kt 116 107 kt
Info Average VSI -556 fpm-671 fpm min to max -365 fpm -671 -365 fpm
Info Average altitude 22 ft agl-5 ft agl min to max 50 ft agl 50 -5 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °-0.2 ° min to max 2.7 ° -0.2 2.7 °
Go-around Go-Around runway 09 at YMES RAAF Base East Sale at 14 ft agl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 157 kt98 kt min to max 211 kt 104 109 kt
75 % Average bank angle 19.3 °0.0 ° min to max 52.4 ° 0.0 3.6 °
96 % Average g force 1.13 g0.85 g min to max 1.68 g 1.35 1.01 g
Info Average altitude 761 ft agl8 ft agl min to max 1,185 ft agl 14 342 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °-3.3 ° min to max 11.6 ° 1.4 -2.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 4 ft agl · 118 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 26 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 26 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 26 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,085 ft agl · 201 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,085 ft agl · 201 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,082 ft agl · 199 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 1,112 ft agl · 185 kt
Arrival Approach 71.43Not counted in the flight scoreFinal approach to runway 09 at YMES RAAF Base East Sale. Descent from 658 ft agl to 102 ft agl in 30 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed
100 % Landing flappassed
100 % Sink ratepassed
0 % On glideslopefailed
100 % On centrelinepassed
0 % On speedfailed
100 % Wings levelpassed
Arrival Landing (GA) 89.83Not counted in the flight scoreLanding on runway 09 at YMES RAAF Base East Sale, runway length 2,228 m. Threshold height at 63 ft agl was above target. Threshold speed was a little below target at 101 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
83 % Threshold speed was a little below target at 101 kt. Target 115 kt
81 % Threshold height at 63 ft agl was above target.Target 50 ft agl
95 % Great landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 3.26 m left3.26 m left to 1.57 m left 3.26 1.57 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 1.4 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g1.00 g min to max 1.07 g 1.01 1.07 g
Info Average speed 101 kt100 kt min to max 102 kt 101 101 kt
Info Average VSI -664 fpm-872 fpm min to max -436 fpm -872 -436 fpm
Info Average altitude 26 ft agl-4 ft agl min to max 63 ft agl 63 -4 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °0.3 ° min to max 3.6 ° 0.3 3.6 °
Go-around Go-Around runway 09 at YMES RAAF Base East Sale at 15 ft agl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 162 kt99 kt min to max 200 kt 101 116 kt
62 % Average bank angle 18.5 °0.0 ° min to max 59.0 ° 0.2 1.0 °
97 % Average g force 1.12 g0.80 g min to max 1.67 g 1.24 1.01 g
Info Average altitude 801 ft agl10 ft agl min to max 1,164 ft agl 15 241 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °-4.6 ° min to max 11.0 ° 3.5 -0.0 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 698 ft agl · 133 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 29 ft agl · 115 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 29 ft agl · 115 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 29 ft agl · 115 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 1,090 ft agl · 192 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,063 ft agl · 199 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,057 ft agl · 200 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 1,023 ft agl · 193 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 674 ft agl · 130 kt
Arrival Approach 71.43Final approach to runway 09 at YMES RAAF Base East Sale. Descent from 576 ft agl to 70 ft agl in 36 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed
100 % Landing flappassed
0 % Sink ratefailed
100 % On glideslopepassed
100 % On centrelinepassed
100 % On speedpassed
0 % Wings levelfailed
Arrival Landing 86.76Landing on runway 09 at YMES RAAF Base East Sale, runway length 2,228 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly below target at 108 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
97 % Threshold speed was slightly below target at 108 kt. Target 115 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
50 % The flare strayed well off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.2° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 426 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
100 % Runway alignment max 2.73 m left2.73 m left to 1.52 m left 2.73 1.70 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.1 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.7 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 1.03 g
Info Average speed 107 kt103 kt min to max 108 kt 108 103 kt
Info Average VSI -398 fpm-488 fpm min to max -290 fpm -488 -290 fpm
Info Average altitude 14 ft agl-9 ft agl min to max 34 ft agl 34 -9 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °1.0 ° min to max 3.1 ° 1.0 3.1 °
07515022530037545052560067509.8620303949Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 90.36Touchdown point was 72 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 103 kt was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -290 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 12 °C. Wind 3 kt at 109 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
52 % Touchdown rate was -290 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 426 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 103 ktTarget below 112 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.72 m left1.63 m left 1.70 1.46 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.06 g 0.99 0.99 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 103 kt102 kt min to max 103 kt 103 102 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °0.7 ° min to max 3.2 ° 3.1 0.7 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 720 m, 32 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 720 m32 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 1.04 m right0.89 m left to 1.04 m right 0.89 -0.63 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Average speed 78 kt53 kt min to max 98 kt 98 53 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °0.6 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.1 0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 35 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 31 kt17 kt min to max 44 kt 44 17 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °0.5 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.01 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 129 kt with 4.0° of pitch. Climb 3 averaged 176 kt, 11 kt over its 165 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 165210 kt14070020°10°0°LIFTOFF4.0° off9° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0102030 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 14 kt 0.8° 0 s
80 kt220 m 80 kt 1.7° 8.4 s
Liftoff560 m · target 80 129 kt 4.0° 15.1 s
Gear up753 m · 11 ft · full marks to 400 ft 130 kt 8.0° 18.1 s
35 ft859 m · 4.6 s after liftoff 136 kt 9.3° 19.7 s
Climb 31,659 m · 401 ft to 942 ft · target 165 176 kt avg 13.4° 30.2 s
End of Climb 32,452 m · 942 ft 182 kt 11.6° 39.6 s

Takeoff from YMES 09

Takeoff roll100.00
816m37 %
Liftoff speed0.00
129kttarget 80, 49 fast
Runway alignment100.00
1.26m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
11ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
176kttarget 165
Rate of climb100.00
885fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 942 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,265 m of runway left; gear up at 11 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,300 fpm on average to 942 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3176 kt avgtarget 165THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 129 ktGear up 11 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 2,228 m runway.

Rolled from 104 m in, never more than 1.1 m off the centreline. Airborne 29 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,5002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 1.15 m RROLL 104 M INAirborne 664 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 664 m of 2,228 m · 30 %
Behind the start of the roll, 104 mTakeoff roll, 560 m Left ahead, 1,564 m

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 300 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.

Seven checks, one gate300 ft 71.435 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate1,380 fpm
On glideslope3.6°
On centreline0.2° off
On speed+3.9 kt
Wings level20° bank

At the 300 ft gate: sink rate more than 600 fpm beyond what the glideslope needed and wings more than 10° from level.

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 0.8 nm, about 330 ft above the runway, to the threshold, after the 300 ft gate.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to YMES 09

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 1.2 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 150 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND186300 ft gate5 of 7sink ratewings level399 ft · 119 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 1.2 nm, never more than 213 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND7 m L7 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 58 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 35 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between −7 kt and +6 kt on the approach speed of 115 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

120140160180 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 115+0 kt−7 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on YMES 09

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
34ft
Threshold speed96.95
108kttarget 115, 7 slow
Centreline offset100.00
2.73m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
426m
Centreline100.00
1.72m L
Speed100.00
103kttarget 112 or less
Touchdown rate51.82
-290fpm
Impact100.00
1.06G
BouncesOk
None
The flare50.08

The flare strayed well off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.2° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 426 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.

The stop

From 101 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 11 s, an average deceleration of 0.34 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012060 kt · 343 m30 kt · 404 mtouchdown420 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 34 ft, 16 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 11 ft. Touched down 426 m in, 121 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

34 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 11 ft · −342 fpm · 1.8° · 106 ktdescent slowed at 1 ft · −290 fpm · 3.1°−290 fpm · 3.1° nose up · 103 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 34 ft, down at 426 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 340 fpm at the flare to 290 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.2° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−290 fpm at touchdown3.1° at touchdown, +1.2° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,228 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 1.3 m of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 426 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 426 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 290 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 667 m of 2,228 m · 30 %
In the air over the runway, 426 mRollout, 242 m Left over, 1,561 m
Rollout distance100.00
242m28 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
1.04m R

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Flight narrative

Taxiing from the parking area to the runway at YMES RAAF Base East Sale took approximately 1 minute, covering a distance of less than 1 nautical mile. The aircraft then began its departure roll on runway 09, accelerating to a liftoff speed of 121 knots. The takeoff distance was 701 meters, accounting for 31% of the available runway length. Local weather conditions at the time of departure included a temperature of 14 degrees Celsius and a wind of 4 knots at 109 degrees, resulting in a headwind component of 4 knots.

As the aircraft climbed away from YMES RAAF Base East Sale, it transitioned into an enroute climb, reaching an altitude of 1,900 feet above sea level. This climb phase was characterized by a vertical gain of 877 feet over a distance of 3 nautical miles, achieved in just 1 minute. The aircraft then began a series of enroute descents and climbs, navigating through the local airspace. Notably, the descent from 1,900 feet to 26 feet above sea level covered a distance of 4 nautical miles in 2 minutes, while the subsequent climb from 26 feet to 1,198 feet above sea level took 2 minutes and covered 4 nautical miles.

Throughout the flight, the aircraft demonstrated a high degree of maneuverability, with a total flight distance of 19 nautical miles and a total flight time of 11 minutes. Fuel consumption was moderate, with the aircraft using 47 kilograms of fuel for the duration of the flight. The flight plan was executed efficiently, with the aircraft making use of the available airspace to minimize distance and time. Overall, the flight was characterized by a high level of precision and control, with the aircraft responding well to the demands of the enroute climb and descent phases.

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