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EGPE
Inverness, Scotland
Runway 05
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight1,236 kg
Fuel209 kg
Wind273° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

91.60 %
EGPE
Inverness, Scotland
Runway 05
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight1,232 kg
Fuel205 kg
Wind273° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
25 Jan 2026 0:07 10 nm PA28 Arrow III 4 kg
Departure Score
94.20 %
Pattern Score
82.25 %
Arrival Score
98.34 %

What went well

Touched down at -144 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 439 m in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 0.61 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Pattern Base Leg — Heading -22.1 ° at 0 %, −2.14 points
Pattern Downwind Turn — Angle to runway (45 degrees) 83.0 ° at 0 %, −1.43 points
Pattern Downwind — Heading -18.9 ° at 7 %, −1.33 points

Next time

Departure

Ease the nose up sooner to lift off at 70 kt instead of letting speed build on the ground.

What happened: The aircraft lifted off at 96 kt, 26 kt above the target liftoff speed.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 70 kt at liftoff

See Departure Roll

Bank angle in the pattern is conventionally kept to 20 to 30 degrees, and the base-to-final turn is where that convention earns its keep. Stall speed rises with bank because the wing must produce more lift in a turn. Roughly 7 per cent higher at 30 degrees, about 19 per cent at 45, and around 40 per cent at 60. At 65 kt on base you don't have much margin to spend steepening a turn to salvage an overshoot.

Read more in Pattern Work

Start to finish · 17 stages, 16 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 0 kt0 kt min to max 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °1.7 ° min to max 1.7 ° 1.7 1.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.6 °0.6 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.6 °
Departure Roll 86.79Departure roll runway 05 at EGPE Inverness Airport. Takeoff distance 515 m 28 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 96 kt. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kt at 273 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Tailwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 515 m28 % of runway
34 % Liftoff speed was 96 ktTarget 70 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.09 m left2.09 m left to 0.00 m left 1.06 1.45 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.05 g 1.00 1.05 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-0.1 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.0 1.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.1 1.0 °

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 05 EGPE Inverness Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 106 kt96 kt min to max 114 kt 96 114 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 2.0 ° 1.1 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g1.02 g min to max 1.10 g 1.05 1.10 g
Info Average VSI 424 fpm238 fpm min to max 701 fpm 238 701 fpm
Info Average altitude 11 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 34 ft agl 0 34 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °1.1 ° min to max 4.8 ° 1.1 4.8 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 16 ft agl · 105 kt
Departure Climb 2 90.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 05 EGPE Inverness Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 116 kt108 kt min to max 118 kt 114 108 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 4.2 ° 1.0 4.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.10 g0.92 g min to max 1.16 g 1.10 0.92 g
Info Average VSI 1,281 fpm714 fpm min to max 2,575 fpm 714 2,226 fpm
Info Average altitude 112 ft agl35 ft agl min to max 548 ft agl 35 548 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.7 °4.9 ° min to max 12.7 ° 4.9 11.2 °
Pattern Entry 100.00Left hand pattern entry from runway 05 EGPE Inverness Airport. Distance was less than 1 nm in 31 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 119 kt107 kt min to max 139 kt 107 139 kt
100 % Average bank angle 16.3 °1.8 ° min to max 25.7 ° 5.1 24.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.91 g min to max 1.15 g 0.91 1.08 g
Info Average VSI 934 fpm-31 fpm min to max 2,105 fpm 2,105 279 fpm
Info Average altitude 784 ft agl468 ft agl min to max 947 ft agl 468 947 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.2 °-0.5 ° min to max 10.5 ° 10.5 0.6 °
Pattern Crosswind 92.86Left hand pattern crosswind from runway 05 EGPE Inverness Airport. Distance was less than 1 nm in 23 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
84 % Heading -7.4 °-20.0 ° min to max 15.6 ° 15.6 -20.0 °
100 % Average speed 151 kt140 kt min to max 159 kt 140 159 kt
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.95 g min to max 1.09 g 1.05 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 80 fpm-187 fpm min to max 286 fpm 286 86 fpm
Info Average altitude 962 ft agl952 ft agl min to max 981 ft agl 952 981 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 13.8 °0.5 ° min to max 24.8 ° 24.8 18.1 °
Info Average pitch angle -1.2 °-2.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 -1.4 °
Pattern Downwind Turn 70.00Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 2 nm. Angle to the runway's far end 83.0 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 83.0 °.
100 % Average speed 165 kt159 kt min to max 168 kt 159 168 kt
100 % Average bank angle 21.9 °5.1 ° min to max 26.9 ° 20.0 5.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g1.00 g min to max 1.14 g 1.03 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 5 fpm-106 fpm min to max 295 fpm 57 37 fpm
Info Average altitude 984 ft agl974 ft agl min to max 995 ft agl 983 984 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.8 °-2.6 ° min to max -0.7 ° -1.3 -2.6 °
Pattern Downwind 72.17Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was 2 nm in 36 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
7 % Heading -18.9 °-22.9 ° min to max -12.9 ° -12.9 -22.8 °
100 % Average altitude 1,015 ft agl971 ft agl min to max 1,062 ft agl 985 1,045 ft agl
100 % Average speed 158 kt135 kt min to max 170 kt 168 135 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.08 g 0.99 0.96 g
Info Average VSI 91 fpm-258 fpm min to max 505 fpm 12 58 fpm
Info Average bank angle 2.3 °0.1 ° min to max 4.7 ° 4.7 0.7 °
Info Average pitch angle -1.9 °-3.4 ° min to max -0.6 ° -2.8 -1.2 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 1,122 ft agl · 172 kt
Pattern Base Leg Turn 85.72Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 2 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 28.1 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
52 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 28.1 °.
100 % Average speed 105 kt92 kt min to max 132 kt 132 92 kt
100 % Average bank angle 5.8 °0.0 ° min to max 13.0 ° 1.4 6.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.92 g min to max 1.12 g 0.95 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -354 fpm-822 fpm min to max -51 fpm -77 -374 fpm
Info Average altitude 881 ft agl693 ft agl min to max 1,045 ft agl 1,045 693 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-2.9 ° min to max 0.5 ° -1.9 -0.6 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 1,132 ft agl · 110 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 980 ft agl · 104 kt
Pattern Base Leg 55.00Pattern Base Leg. Distance was less than 1 nm in 21 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Heading -22.1 °-61.2 ° min to max 1.8 ° 1.8 -61.2 °
100 % Average speed 92 kt89 kt min to max 94 kt 92 89 kt
100 % Average g force 1.04 g1.00 g min to max 1.15 g 1.00 1.04 g
Info Average altitude 615 ft agl558 ft agl min to max 688 ft agl 688 558 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 15.5 °2.8 ° min to max 22.1 ° 5.0 19.7 °
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.8 ° min to max 1.1 ° -0.7 -0.4 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 681 ft agl · 94 kt
Pattern Final Turn 100.00Pattern Final Turn. Distance was less than 1 nm in 12 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 90 kt89 kt min to max 91 kt 89 89 kt
100 % Average bank angle 15.3 °8.3 ° min to max 19.2 ° 19.2 8.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.97 g min to max 1.08 g 1.03 0.98 g
Info Average VSI -210 fpm-369 fpm min to max -41 fpm -296 -206 fpm
Info Average altitude 524 ft agl507 ft agl min to max 553 ft agl 553 507 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-0.9 ° min to max 1.4 ° -0.7 -0.9 °
Arrival Final 2 95.14Approaching runway 05 at EGPE Inverness Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 503 ft agl to 276 ft agl. A decrease of 227 ft in 35 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.3 °3.1 ° min to max 3.7 °Target 3.0 ° 3.1 3.7 °
100 % Average speed 90 kt89 kt min to max 91 kt 89 91 kt
85 % Heading variation -1.2 °-3.9 ° min to max 0.0 ° -3.9 -0.0 °
83 % Average bank angle 5.1 °0.5 ° min to max 9.3 ° 6.2 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.05 g 0.97 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -376 fpm-487 fpm min to max -126 fpm -290 -487 fpm
Info Average altitude 395 ft agl276 ft agl min to max 503 ft agl 503 276 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.2 °-2.6 ° min to max 0.4 ° -1.2 -2.6 °
11.251.51.752300350400450500550600650700Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-370-278-185-93093185278370Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 99.15Approaching runway 05 at EGPE Inverness Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 269 ft agl to -69 ft agl. A decrease of 338 ft in 31 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
96 % Approach angle 3.1 °2.7 ° min to max 3.7 °Target 3.0 ° 3.7 2.7 °
100 % Average speed 89 kt86 kt min to max 93 kt 91 86 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.0 0.0 °
99.9 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.0 ° min to max 3.2 ° 2.3 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.95 g min to max 1.03 g 0.96 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -574 fpm-858 fpm min to max -435 fpm -539 -682 fpm
Info Average altitude -6 ft agl-69 ft agl min to max 269 ft agl 269 -69 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.5 °-4.3 ° min to max -1.8 ° -3.0 -1.8 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 2 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 2 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 2 ft agl
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 97.78Landing on runway 05 at EGPE Inverness Airport, runway length 1,814 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was too high at 85 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
96 % Threshold speed was too high at 85 kt. Target 71 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
95 % Great landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 0.03 m left0.03 m left to 0.01 m left 0.01 0.01 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 1.0 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.97 g min to max 1.12 g 1.03 0.97 g
Info Average speed 73 kt62 kt min to max 85 kt 85 62 kt
Info Average VSI -236 fpm-682 fpm min to max -35 fpm -682 -144 fpm
Info Average altitude 3 ft agl-10 ft agl min to max 34 ft agl 34 -10 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °-1.6 ° min to max 5.3 ° -1.6 4.7 °
07515022530037545052560001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 99.62Touchdown distance was good at 439 m. Touchdown speed at 62 kt was good. Touchdown rate was smooth at -144 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kt at 273 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Tailwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
98 % Touchdown rate was -144 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 439 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 62 ktTarget below 66 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 0.77 m left0.70 m left 0.77 0.61 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.1 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.3 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g0.97 g min to max 1.20 g 0.97 1.03 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 62 kt61 kt min to max 62 kt 62 61 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.2 °3.8 ° min to max 4.7 ° 4.7 4.1 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 745 m, 41 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 745 m41 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 0.84 m left0.84 m left to 0.12 m right 0.57 0.77 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.05 g 1.05 1.00 g
Info Average speed 57 kt31 kt min to max 61 kt 61 31 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.5 °-0.2 ° min to max 6.1 ° 4.3 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.1 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 27 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 28 kt0 kt min to max 61 kt 24 61 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-0.5 ° min to max 1.3 ° -0.4 0.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.99 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 2 ft agl

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 96 kt with 0.7° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF0.7° off5° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0102030 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 12 kt 0.8° 0 s
Liftoff498 m · target 70 96 kt 0.7° 17.0 s
35 ft931 m · 7.9 s after liftoff 114 kt 5.0° 24.9 s
End of the climb1,802 m · 548 ft 108 kt 11.2° 39.9 s

Takeoff from EGPE 05

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
515m28 %
Liftoff speed33.96
96kttarget 70, 26 fast
Runway alignment100.00
2.09m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
424fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 548 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 905 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,440 fpm on average to 548 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

750 ft375 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060708090KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 96 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 1,814 m runway.

Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted left of the centreline, 2 m at the widest, and lifted off 1.5 m left. Airborne 26 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,500THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 1.99 m LAirborne 476 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 476 m of 1,814 m · 26 %
Takeoff roll, 476 m Left ahead, 1,337 m

The circuit to EGPE 05

Left-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.

Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 1.6 nm out at 162 kt

How to read this

The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.

45° to the thresholdTHRLANDING1234crosswinddownwindbase90+75-89under 75not a circuit legtextbook circuit

Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded

How to read this

The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.

05001,0001,5000°30°HEIGHT ftBANKcircuit height 1,000 ftturn crosswind from 500 ft26°127°213°319°4distance flown →
HeightBankA turnCircuit height ±50 ft30° of bank
1Crosswind turn
Turned at
1,042 ft
Bank
26°
Speed
126 kt

Off heading: 7° from the leg's heading on average.

Each lap slightly wider and higher than the last, because you're unconsciously using the previous lap as your reference instead of the runway and the numbers. Invisible lap to lap, unmistakable across ten. This is the failure that only measurement catches, because your memory of lap three is gone by lap eight.

Read more in Pattern Work
2Onto downwind
Bank
27°
Height
1,015 ft on 1,000 ft
Speed
158 kt
Out
1.7 nm 1.6 suits 162 kt

Turn onto downwind: scored 0.

The 45-degrees-behind-the-wing cue assumes you can turn your head and use peripheral vision. Downwind spacing cues like "put the wingtip halfway up the strut" assume a fixed, known eyepoint. Neither survives a monitor unmodified. If you fly on a fixed monitor, stop pretending and fly a numbers-based circuit.

Read more in Pattern Work
3Base turn
Angle
28° target 45°
Bank
13°
Height
1,149 ft

Off heading: 22° from the leg's heading on average.

Bank angle in the pattern is conventionally kept to 20 to 30 degrees, and the base-to-final turn is where that convention earns its keep. Stall speed rises with bank because the wing must produce more lift in a turn. Roughly 7 per cent higher at 30 degrees, about 19 per cent at 45, and around 40 per cent at 60. At 65 kt on base you don't have much margin to spend steepening a turn to salvage an overshoot.

Read more in Pattern Work
4Final turn
Bank
19°
Overshoot
365 m
Speed
90 kt

Overshot: went 365 m through the centreline turning final.

Overshooting final. A tailwind component on base sweeps you through the extended centreline, the instinctive correction is to steepen the bank and, when that's not enough, to skid the turn with rudder. In a real aircraft this is the base-to-final stall-spin scenario that kills people. The sim under-punishes it, because a spring yoke transmits no lightening of control force, there's no buffet through your hands, and no seat-of-the-pants sensation of the skid. You get the numbers of the skidded turn without the feel of it. The correct response is the same in both worlds and needs practising until it's reflexive. Don't steepen past 30 degrees, and if you've blown through the centreline, go around and reset.

Read more in Pattern Work
Entry100Crosswind93Turn onto downwind70Downwind72Base turn86Base55Final turn100

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate for a circuit: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate is an instrument-approach check and does not apply.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On speed

Still turning onto final at the lower gate, so the centreline and wings level are not asked there - the aeroplane was not lined up yet, and was banked because it was turning. The other checks are marked as usual.

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 1.3 to 0.5 nm, then not again: fast from 0.5 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to EGPE 05

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 2.2 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 70 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND635424217500 ft gate5 of 5558 ft · 90 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 365 m right of the centreline at 2.2 nm, then inside the band from 1.3 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND358 m R1 m L5 m R165 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 39 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 23 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 2.2 nm, where the final began, to 0.5 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +15 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

80100120140 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 78+13 kt+13 kt+15 kt+8 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on EGPE 05

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
33ft
Threshold speed96.13
85kttarget 78, 7 fast
Centreline offset100.00
0.03m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
439m
Centreline100.00
0.77m L
Speed100.00
61kttarget 74 or less
Touchdown rate98.47
-144fpm
Impact100.00
1.20G
BouncesOk
None
The flare95.00

Great landing flare

The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 1° left of the track, wings level.

Wind 273° at 1 kt · 1 kt tail · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 63 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 13 s, an average deceleration of 0.15 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 45 m30 kt · 321 mtouchdown334 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 33 ft, 17 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 439 m in, 134 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

33 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −133 fpm · 4.7° nose up · 62 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 33 ft, down at 439 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 690 fpm at 34 ft to 130 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 6.3° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−2°4°10°touchdown−133 fpm at touchdown4.7° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,814 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 0.8 m of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 439 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 439 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 726 m of 1,814 m · 40 %
In the air over the runway, 439 mRollout, 287 m Left over, 1,088 m
Rollout distance100.00
287m40 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
0.84m L

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Flight narrative

The flight began with a quick taxi from the parking area to the runway, taking less than a minute and covering a distance of less than a nautical mile. The aircraft, a PA28 Arrow III, then departed from runway 05 at EGPE Inverness Airport, with a takeoff distance of 515 meters, which accounted for 28% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 96 knots, and the local weather conditions were characterized by a temperature of 16 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 1 knot from 273 degrees, resulting in a negligible crosswind and tailwind.

As the aircraft entered the left-hand pattern from runway 05, it covered a distance of less than a nautical mile in 31 seconds. The subsequent left-hand pattern crosswind leg was completed in 23 seconds, covering a similar distance. The pattern downwind turn involved a distance of 2 nautical miles, with an angle to the runway of 83.0 degrees. The downwind leg itself took 36 seconds to complete, covering the same distance.

The pattern base leg turn was another 2 nautical miles, with an angle to the runway of 28.1 degrees. The base leg itself was completed in 21 seconds, covering a distance of less than a nautical mile. The final turn was the shortest, taking 12 seconds to complete and covering a distance of less than a nautical mile.

The final approach to runway 05 was made from the southwest, with a heading of 39.0 degrees at an altitude of 503 feet above ground level and a distance of 2 nautical miles from the runway. The landing was successful, with a touchdown distance of 438 meters, which was 41% of the runway length. The touchdown speed was 62 knots, and the touchdown rate was smooth at -144 feet per minute. The runway touchdown alignment was perfect, and the runway rollout alignment was also perfect.

The local weather conditions remained the same, with a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 1 knot from 273 degrees, resulting in a negligible crosswind and tailwind. The total landing distance was 745 meters, and the total flight distance was 10 nautical miles, taking 7 minutes to complete. The flight used 4 kilograms of fuel.

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