Events
Events
Events
Events
Events
MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
After the sink arrests at 29 ft, keep easing the yoke forward to let the aircraft continue settling rather than pausing above the runway.
What happened: The flare arrested the sink at 29 ft and the aircraft was held level there instead of being let down. Holding off high like this usually carries through to a firm touchdown, and here the touchdown rate was 347 fpm.
Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a steady, continuing descent through the flare all the way to touchdown.
On a 3° glideslope your sink rate in feet per minute is roughly your groundspeed in knots times five (5.3, strictly). A Cessna 172 at 65 kt groundspeed is coming down at about 345 fpm. An A320 at 140 kt groundspeed is coming down at about 740 fpm. the entire job of the flare is to take that 350 to 750 fpm and reduce it to something in the normal band, in roughly the last five seconds of the flight.
Read more in How to Land a Plane Smoothly in Microsoft Flight SimulatorStart to finish · 13 stages, 12 in the score
Events
Events
Events
Events
Events
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 79 kt with 9.7° of pitch. Climb 3 averaged 136 kt, 12 kt over its 124 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 945 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,444 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,670 fpm on average to 945 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 2,002 m runway.
Rolled from the start of the runway, never more than 0.3 m off the centreline, in 11 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 25 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 0 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 16× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 23 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 35 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between −0 kt and +0 kt on the approach speed of 69 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare strayed well off the target profile. The flare took the sink out 29 ft agl above the runway and the aircraft flew down from there. Touchdown was 283 m past the threshold. Let it come lower before checking the descent - holding off high uses runway and leaves the touchdown to chance.
7 kt across from the right, which takes about 6° of crab to hold the centreline at 66 kt. Touched down straight - the crab taken out before the wheels touched, wings level.
Wind 351° at 12 kt · 10 kt head · 7 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 56 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 8 s, an average deceleration of 0.18 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 52 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 29 ft. Touched down 283 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink grew from 310 fpm at the flare to 350 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 7.7° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,383 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 4.2 m right of the centreline.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 283 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 347 fpm arrival was firm.
The rest of the report
The aircraft taxied from the parking area to runway 08 at KLNS Lancaster Airport in 1 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
During the departure roll on runway 08, the Cessna 208B accelerated over a takeoff distance of 475 m, representing 24 % of the runway, and lifted off at 79 kt; ambient temperature was 14 °C with a wind of 12 kt from 351°, a 12 kt cross-wind component and a 3 kt head-wind.
Climb commenced overhead KLNS, rising from 789 ft asl to 12 000 ft asl, an altitude gain of 11 211 ft achieved in 11 minutes while covering 30 nm.
Level cruise began 1 mile south of Cross Roads, Pennsylvania, and continued for 308 minutes, during which the aircraft flew 948 nm.
Descent started 7 miles west of MYNN Lynden Pindling International Airport, descending from 12 000 ft asl to 1 297 ft asl, a loss of 10 703 ft in 20 minutes and covering 42 nm.
The final approach to runway 32 at MYNN was executed from the southeast on a heading of 315.0° at 4 nm and 1 278 ft agl; the aircraft then descended from 1 327 ft agl to 60 ft agl in 239 seconds and met the stabilisation gates.
Landing on runway 32 was completed with a threshold speed of 69 kt, a touchdown distance of 265 m, a touchdown speed of 66 kt, and a firm touchdown rate of minus 347 fpm; runway length is 3 383 m, temperature was 15 °C, wind 12 kt from 351°, with a 7 kt cross-wind and a 10 kt head-wind.
The total landing distance recorded was 400 m, equivalent to 12 % of the runway, and the rollout alignment was perfect.
After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in 3 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
In total, the flight covered 1 029 nm, required 347 minutes, and consumed 816 kg of fuel.
Scroll or drag the slider to zoom · double-click to reset · hover for values