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LFML
Marignane, France
Runway 31R
Elevation10 ft asl
Weight69,042 kg
Fuel7,535 kg
Wind320° · 22 kn · 2 kn cross

Flight Score

96.81 %
LIME
Orio al Serio (BG), Italy
Runway 10
Elevation784 ft asl
Weight66,385 kg
Fuel4,759 kg
Wind125° · 6 kn · 2 kn cross
9 Sep 2026 1:02 340 nm Airbus A320ceo 2,776 kg
Departure Score
99.89 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
90.54 %

What went well

Touchdown 192 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 34 ft and 140 kt — both inside band
Rollout controlled — 41 % of the runway used

What held you back

Firm touchdown — 578 fpm with one bounce, −2.58 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 578 fpm−1.30
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.86
  • Arrival Touchdown · bounced once−0.33
  • Arrival Touchdown · 1.64 G at contact−0.09
Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 10.14 m left at 87 %, −0.49 points
Arrival Landing — scored 88.74 %, −0.08 points

Next time

Arrival

Begin the flare with progressive back pressure and keep it coming until the sink is arrested, rather than flying it on flat.

What happened: The nose was barely raised in the flare and little of the sink was taken out, flying the aircraft onto the runway. This pattern usually carries through to a firm touchdown with a noticeable sink rate.

Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a smoothly reducing sink through the normal flare band, not a steady rate into the runway.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 18 stages, 16 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 8 minutes and covered 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 11 kt0 kt min to max 18 kt 4 9 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 14 ktmax 14 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °0.1 ° min to max 1.4 ° 1.4 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 1.3 ° 0.3 0.5 °

Events

Info Parking Brake On 9 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 9 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 2 8 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 8 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 8 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 8 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 31R at LFML Marseille Provence Airport, Average speed was 26 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 9 kt3 kt min to max 15 kt 10 15 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-0.5 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.1 0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 99.71Departure roll runway 31R at LFML Marseille Provence Airport. Takeoff distance 1,028 m 36 % of runway. Rotation speed was 170 kt. Local weather - Temperature 25 °C. Wind 23 kt at 320 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 23 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,028 m36 % of runway
99 % Rotation speed was 170 ktTarget 152 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 5.06 m right0.90 m left to 5.06 m right 0.90 -4.04 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.05 g 1.00 1.01 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °0.5 ° min to max 6.2 ° 0.7 6.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.4 0.6 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 31R LFML Marseille Provence Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average speed 185 kt182 kt min to max 187 kt 182 187 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.6 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.6 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.23 g1.02 g min to max 1.35 g 1.02 1.35 g
Info Average VSI 361 fpm98 fpm min to max 691 fpm 98 691 fpm
Info Average altitude 2 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 7 ft agl 0 7 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.5 °6.3 ° min to max 12.2 ° 6.3 12.2 °
Departure Climb 2 99.75Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 31R LFML Marseille Provence Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 190 kt188 kt min to max 191 kt 188 188 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 2.4 ° 0.6 2.4 °
98 % Average g force 1.30 g1.08 g min to max 1.35 g 1.35 1.16 g
Info Average VSI 1,901 fpm1,223 fpm min to max 3,687 fpm 1,223 3,687 fpm
Info Average altitude 61 ft agl22 ft agl min to max 268 ft agl 22 268 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 14.6 °13.7 ° min to max 16.7 ° 13.7 16.7 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 115 ft agl · 191 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 115 ft agl · 191 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 31R LFML Marseille Provence Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 184 kt182 kt min to max 188 ktTarget 164 kt, 20 kt fast 188 182 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.4 °1.1 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.6 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.97 g min to max 1.09 g 1.07 0.99 g
100 % Landing gear up at 50 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.4 °
Info Average VSI 4,502 fpm4,012 fpm min to max 5,058 fpm 4,012 5,058 fpm
Info Average altitude 594 ft agl334 ft agl min to max 880 ft agl 334 880 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 17.2 °16.1 ° min to max 18.4 ° 16.4 18.1 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead LFML Marseille Provence Airport Marignane (Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France). Climbing from 1,013 ft asl to 32,006 ft asl, an increase of 30,993 ft in 20 minutes and covering 142 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 275 kt172 kt min to max 317 kt 180 286 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.9 °0.0 ° min to max 30.0 ° 1.6 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.73 g min to max 1.26 g 0.98 1.02 g
Info Average VSI 1,826 fpm-86 fpm min to max 5,202 fpm 5,139 -8 fpm
Info Average altitude 16,791 ft asl1,013 ft asl min to max 32,010 ft asl 1,013 32,006 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 5.8 °2.4 ° min to max 18.0 ° 18.0 2.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 4,758 ft agl · 221 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 5,039 ft agl · 230 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 5,601 ft agl · 232 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south of Stellanello (Liguria, Italy) and lasted 7 minutes, covering 55 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,100 ft of 32,007 ft asl32,000 ft asl min to max 32,011 ft asl 32,006 32,007 ft asl
100 % Average speed 286 kt284 kt min to max 286 kt 286 286 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.6 °0.0 ° min to max 14.1 ° 0.1 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.04 g 1.04 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °2.0 ° min to max 2.5 ° 2.4 2.3 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles south of Torriglia (Liguria, Italy). Descent from 32,006 ft asl to 9,009 ft asl, a decrease of 22,997 ft in 12 minutes and covering 73 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 265 kt214 kt min to max 346 kt 284 220 kt
100 % Average bank angle 16.8 °0.0 ° min to max 29.7 ° 0.4 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.80 g min to max 1.24 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -2,345 fpm-5,531 fpm min to max 127 fpm -17 -5 fpm
Info Average altitude 17,638 ft asl8,999 ft asl min to max 32,006 ft asl 32,006 9,009 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-5.1 ° min to max 6.2 ° 2.4 4.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Quinzano d'Oglio (Lombardia, Italy) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 14 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±950 ft of 9,007 ft asl8,957 ft asl min to max 9,011 ft asl 9,009 9,007 ft asl
100 % Average speed 220 kt218 kt min to max 220 kt 220 219 kt
100 % Average bank angle 13.3 °0.0 ° min to max 26.1 ° 3.6 24.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.99 g min to max 1.11 g 1.00 1.10 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 4.8 °4.6 ° min to max 5.1 ° 4.6 5.0 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Borgosatollo (Lombardia, Italy). Descent from 9,007 ft asl to 6,217 ft asl, a decrease of 2,791 ft in 6 minutes and covering 27 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 219 kt210 kt min to max 246 kt 219 217 kt
100 % Average bank angle 14.4 °0.0 ° min to max 24.8 ° 24.8 21.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.89 g min to max 1.21 g 1.09 1.07 g
Info Average VSI -521 fpm-2,443 fpm min to max 38 fpm 26 -430 fpm
Info Average altitude 8,143 ft asl6,217 ft asl min to max 9,009 ft asl 9,007 6,217 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.9 °0.0 ° min to max 5.8 ° 5.0 4.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Lurano (Lombardia, Italy) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±811 ft of 6,055 ft asl6,005 ft asl min to max 6,211 ft asl 6,211 6,006 ft asl
100 % Average speed 218 kt217 kt min to max 218 kt 217 218 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.6 °0.0 ° min to max 21.2 ° 21.2 9.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.99 g min to max 1.08 g 1.08 1.02 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 4.6 °3.7 ° min to max 5.0 ° 4.2 4.9 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 5,584 ft agl · 242 kt
Enroute Descent 3 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Capriate San Gervasio (Lombardia, Italy). Descent from 6,007 ft asl to 2,290 ft asl, a decrease of 3,717 ft in 4 minutes and covering 16 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 200 kt173 kt min to max 218 kt 218 173 kt
100 % Average bank angle 15.3 °0.0 ° min to max 25.6 ° 6.7 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.87 g min to max 1.22 g 1.01 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -957 fpm-1,691 fpm min to max 149 fpm 19 -1,186 fpm
Info Average altitude 4,251 ft asl2,290 ft asl min to max 6,009 ft asl 6,007 2,290 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °-1.0 ° min to max 7.3 ° 4.9 1.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 4,011 ft agl · 234 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 2,692 ft agl · 213 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 2,610 ft agl · 213 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,334 ft agl · 207 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 1,909 ft agl · 192 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 10 at LIME Milan Bergamo Airport / Antonio Locatelli Air Base. Descent from 1,546 ft agl to 53 ft agl in 94 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Info Flaps Position 4 1,459 ft agl · 181 kt
Info Flaps Position 5 1,295 ft agl · 175 kt
Arrival Landing 88.74Landing on runway 10 at LIME Milan Bergamo Airport / Antonio Locatelli Air Base, runway length 2,654 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 140 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 140 kt. Target 139 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
55 % The flare strayed well off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 2.1° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 192 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
100 % Runway alignment max 1.01 m left1.01 m left to 0.99 m left 0.99 0.99 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 1.07 g
Info Average speed 141 kt140 kt min to max 141 kt 140 140 kt
Info Average VSI -808 fpm-822 fpm min to max -747 fpm -822 -747 fpm
Info Average altitude 17 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 34 ft agl 34 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °2.5 ° min to max 6.1 ° 2.5 6.1 °
07515022501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 79.30Touchdown distance was good at 191 m. Touchdown speed at 140 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was very hard at -578 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 22 °C. Wind 6 kt at 124 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 5 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
22 % Touchdown rate was -578 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 192 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 140 ktTarget below 132 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 0.99 m left0.75 m left 0.99 0.47 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.3 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.4 0.4 °
78 % Average g force 1.32 g1.07 g min to max 1.64 g 1.07 1.37 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 140 kt140 kt min to max 140 kt 140 140 kt
Info Average pitch angle 6.1 °6.1 ° min to max 6.2 ° 6.1 6.2 °
Arrival Rollout 94.13Total landing distance 1,127 m, 42 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 10.1 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,127 m42 % of runway.
87 % Runway alignment max 10.14 m left10.14 m left to 6.90 m right -3.60 10.14 m
99 % Average g force 0.99 g0.78 g min to max 1.38 g 1.15 0.99 g
Info Average speed 131 kt74 kt min to max 139 kt 139 74 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °-0.9 ° min to max 6.9 ° 6.2 -0.7 °
Info Average bank angle 1.6 °0.0 ° min to max 7.5 ° 0.3 0.7 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 37 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 32 kt21 kt min to max 66 kt 66 21 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-0.6 ° min to max 0.5 ° -0.5 0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.6 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 1.00 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 170 kt, 18 kt above the 152 kt target, and lifted off at 182 kt 3.4 s later, the nose coming up at 1.5° a second. Climb 3 averaged 184 kt, 20 kt over its 164 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 164210 kt14070020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 1526.3° off · 1.5°/s14° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 41 kt 0.7° 0 s
80 kt135 m 80 kt 0.7° 6.2 s
Rotate1,227 m · target 152 170 kt 1.2° 25.4 s
Liftoff1,502 m · +12 kt from rotation 182 kt 6.3° 28.8 s
35 ft1,801 m · 3.4 s after liftoff 191 kt 14.4° 32.2 s
Gear up1,863 m · 50 ft · full marks to 400 ft 190 kt 14.9° 33.6 s
Climb 32,301 m · 334 ft to 880 ft · target 164 184 kt avg 16.4° 38.8 s
End of Climb 32,902 m · 880 ft 182 kt 18.1° 45.0 s

Takeoff from LFML 31R

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
1,028m36 %
Rotation speed98.57
170kttarget 152, 18 fast
Liftoff speed
182kt
Runway alignment100.00
5.06m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
50ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
184kttarget 164
Rate of climb100.00
361fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 880 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,531 m of runway left; gear up at 50 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 3,250 fpm on average to 880 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3184 kt avgtarget 164THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120140KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 170 kttarget 152Liftoff 182 ktGear up 50 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 2,862 m runway.

Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted right of the centreline, 5 m at the widest, and lifted off 3.9 m right. Airborne 36 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS2 kn75 %widest 4.97 m RAirborne 1,032 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,032 m of 2,862 m · 36 %
Takeoff roll, 1,032 m Left ahead, 1,830 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate750 fpm870 fpm
On glideslope3.5°3.5°
On centreline0.1° off0.0° off
On speed+24 kt+8.6 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LIME 10

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 220 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,5287784162231,000 ft gate7 of 71,232 ft · 163 kt500 ft gate7 of 7631 ft · 148 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 52× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 4 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR18 m L018 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND4 m R2 m R1 m L1 m L3 m R0 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 35 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between +0 kt and +35 kt on the approach speed of 139 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

140160180200 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 139+35 kt+6 kt+6 kt+3 kt+2 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LIME 10

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
34ft
Threshold speed100.00
140kttarget 139, 1 fast
Centreline offset100.00
1.01m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
192m
Centreline100.00
0.99m L
Speed100.00
140kttarget 131, 9 fast
Touchdown rate22.09
-578fpm
Impact77.71
1.64G
Bounces80.00
1
The flare54.94

The flare strayed well off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 2.1° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 192 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.

The crosswind

Little crosswind (2 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 1° right of the track, wings level.

Wind 125° at 6 kt · 6 kt head · 2 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 34 ft, 16 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare late, at 9 ft. Touched down 192 m in, 113 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

34 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 9 ft · −746 fpm · 4.2° · 141 ktdescent slowed at 0 ft · −578 fpm · 6.1°−578 fpm · 6.1° nose up · 140 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 34 ft, down at 192 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 750 fpm at the flare to 580 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.9° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−578 fpm at touchdown6.1° at touchdown, +1.8° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,654 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline and drifted to 6.3 m right on the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 2 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 192 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 192 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.64 G arrival bounced.

Runway used 1,083 m of 2,654 m · 41 %
In the air over the runway, 192 mRollout, 891 m Left over, 1,571 m
Rollout distance100.00
891m41 % used
Rollout alignment87.25
10.14m L

The rest of the report

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Flight narrative

The Airbus A320-ceo taxied from the parking area to runway 31R at LFML Marseille Provence Airport in 8 minutes, covering 2 nm.

The aircraft commenced its departure roll on runway 31R, achieving a takeoff distance of 1,028 m (36 % of the runway) and a liftoff speed of 182 kt. Local weather at the time reported a temperature of 25 °C, wind 23 kt from 320°, with a 2 kt crosswind component and a 23 kt headwind.

Climb began overhead LFML Marseille Provence Airport, ascending from 1,013 ft asl to 32,006 ft asl - an increase of 30,993 ft - over 20 minutes while covering 142 nm.

The first level-cruise segment started 1 mile south of Stellanello, Liguria, Italy, lasting 7 minutes and encompassing 55 nm.

Descent commenced 2 miles south of Torriglia, Liguria, Italy, descending from 32,006 ft asl to 9,009 ft asl - a decrease of 22,997 ft - in 12 minutes and covering 73 nm.

A second cruise phase over Quinzano d'Oglio, Lombardia, Italy, lasted 3 minutes and spanned 14 nm.

The next descent segment over Borgosatollo, Lombardia, Italy, reduced altitude from 9,007 ft asl to 6,217 ft asl - a loss of 2,791 ft - in 6 minutes, covering 27 nm.

A brief cruise over Lurano, Lombardia, Italy, continued for 2 minutes and covered 6 nm.

Descent resumed over Capriate San Gervasio, Lombardia, Italy, dropping from 6,007 ft asl to 2,290 ft asl - a decrease of 3,717 ft - in 4 minutes and covering 16 nm.

The final approach to runway 10 at LIME Milan Bergamo Airport / Antonio Locatelli Air Base was executed from the west on a heading of 105.0°, at 4 nm and 1,488 ft agl. Weather at the airport indicated a temperature of 22 °C, wind 6 kt from 124°, with a 2 kt crosswind and a 5 kt headwind.

Landing on runway 10, which is 2,654 m long, was achieved with a threshold speed of 140 kt. Touchdown occurred 191 m down the runway at a speed of 140 kt, with a touchdown rate of minus 747 fpm and perfect alignment. The total landing distance recorded was 1,127 m (42 % of the runway).

During rollout the aircraft’s centreline alignment was measured at a deviation of 10.1 m from the centreline.

In total the flight covered 340nm, required 62 minutes of elapsed time, and consumed 2,776 kg of fuel.

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